MODEL QUESTION PAPER

Time: 90 Min Max. Marks: 100

The test paper consists of 3 parts. Each part contains 30 multiple choice questions. Answer all questions
in each part.
Part - A: Mathematics (40 marks)
1. The variance of 30 observations is 3. If each of the observations is multiplied by 3, then the
variance ofthe resulting observations is :

1) 3 2) 9 3) 27 4) 81

Part - B: Physics (30 marks)

2. 5 bulbs each of 100 W are connected across 220 V power supply for domestic application. If
each unit costsRs. 4 then the cost per day in Rs. Is

1) 48 2) 24 3) 96 4) 12

Part - C: Chemistry (30 marks)

3. Which one of the following has stable electroniccon figuration?

1) N 2) C 3) F 4) Al

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 ANNEXURE - II

SYLLABI FOR ENTRANCE TESTS IN ENGINEERING COURSES

101 B. Tech + M. Tech Dual Degree Programmes
(As per the APEAPCET-2023)
MATHEMATICS
ALGEBRA
a) Functions: Types of functions – Definitions - Real valued functions (Domain and Range).
b) Matrices: Types of matrices - Scalar multiple of a matrix and multiplication of matrices- Transposeof a
matrix – Determinants (excluding properties of determinants) - Adjoint and Inverse of a matrix - Rank of a
matrix - solution of simultaneous linear equations (Excluding Gauss Jordan Method).
c) Complex Numbers: Complex number as an ordered pair of real numbers fundamental operations -
Representation of complex numbers in the form a+ib (excluding Square root of Complex numbers and
related problems) - Modulus and amplitude of complex numbers –Illustrations - Geometrical and Polar
Representation of complex numbers in Argand plane-Argand diagram.
d) De Moivre’s Theorem: De Moivre’s theorem- Integral and Rational indices - nth roots of unity Geometrical
Interpretations –Illustrations.
e) Quadratic Expressions: Quadratic expressions, equations in one variable - Sign of quadratic\ expressions –
Change in signs – Maximum and minimum values.
f) Theory of Equations: The relation between the roots and coefficients in an equation - Solving the equations
when two or more roots of it are connected by certain relation - Equation with real coefficients,
occurrence of complex roots in conjugate pairs and its consequences.
g) Permutations and Combinations: Fundamental Principle of counting – linear and circular permutations-
Permutations of ‘n’ dissimilar things taken ‘r’ at a time - Permutations when repetitions allowed - Circular
permutations - Permutations with constraint repetitions Combinations-definitions, certain theorems.
(Excluding derivation of Formula npr and ncr ).
h) Partial fractions: Partial fractions of f(x)/g(x) when g(x) contains non –repeated linear factors Partial
fractions of f(x)/g(x) where both f(x) and g(x) are polynomials and when g(x) contains repeated and/or non-
repeated linear factors - Partial fractions of f(x)/g(x) when g(x) contains irreducible factors (excluding
conversion of f(x)/g(x) in power series of x).

TRIGONOMETRY
a) Trigonometric Ratios upto Transformations: Graphs and Periodicity of Trigonometric functions -
Trigonometric ratios and Compound angles - Trigonometric ratios of multiple and sub- multiple angles
- Transformations - Sum and Product rules.
b) Hyperbolic Functions: Definition of Hyperbolic Function – Graphs - Definition of Inverse
Hyperbolic Functions – Graphs - Addition formulae of Hyperbolic Functions.
c) Properties of Triangles: Relation between sides and angles of a Triangle - Sine, Cosine, Tangent and
Projection rules- Half angle formulae and areas of a triangle–In-circle and Ex-circle of a Triangle
(excluding problems related to heights and distances).

VECTOR ALGEBRA
a) Addition of Vectors: Vectors as a triad of real numbers - Classification of vectors - Addition of vectors -
Scalar multiplication - Angle between two non-zero vectors – Linear combination of vectors -
Component of a vector in three dimensions - Vector equations of line and plane including their
Cartesian equivalent forms.
b) Product of Vectors: Scalar Product - Geometrical Interpretations - orthogonal projections Properties of
dot product - Expression of dot product in i, j, k system - Angle between two vectors - Geometrical
Vector methods – Vector equations of plane in normal form-Angle between two planes- Vector
product of two vectors and properties- Vector product in i, j, k system - Vector Areas.
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MEASURES OF DISPERSION AND PROBABILITY
a) Measures of Dispersion - Range - Mean deviation - Variance and standard deviation of
ungrouped/grouped data.
b) Probability: Random experiments and events - Classical definition of probability, Axiomatic approach
and addition theorem of probability - Independent and dependent events - conditional probability-
multiplication theorem and Baye’s theorem.
c) Random Variables and Probability Distributions: Random Variables - Theoretical discrete distributions
– Binomial and Poisson Distributions.

COORDINATE GEOMETRY
a) Locus: Definition of locus –Illustrations-To find equations of locus-Problems connected to it.
b) The Straight Line: Revision of fundamental results - Straight line - Normal form – Illustrations - Straight
line - Symmetric form - Straight line - Reduction into various forms - Intersection of two Straight Lines -
Family of straight lines - Concurrent lines - Condition for Concurrent lines - Angle between two lines
- Length of perpendicular from a point to a Line - Distance between two parallel lines - Concurrent
lines - properties related to a triangle.
c) Pair of Straight lines: Equations of pair of lines passing through origin - angle between a pair of
lines - Condition for perpendicular and coincident lines, bisectors of angles - Pair of bisectors of
angles (excluding proofs of all the theorems only) - Pair of lines - second degree general equation -
Conditions for parallel lines - distance between them, Point of intersection of pair of lines -
Homogenizing a second degree equation with a first degree equation in x and y.
d) Circle : Equation of circle -standard form-centre and radius equation of a circle with a given line
segment as diameter & equation of circle through three non collinear points - parametric equations
of a circle - Position of a point in the plane of a circle – power of a point-definition of tangent-length of
tangent - Position of a straight line in the plane of a circle-conditions for a line to be tangent – chord
joining two points on a circle – equationof the tangent at a point on the circle- point of contact-
equation of normal - Chord of contact - pole and polar-conjugate points and conjugate lines -
equation of chord with given middle point.
e) System of circles: Angle between two intersecting circles - Radical axis of two circles- properties-
Common chord and common tangent of two circles – radical centre - Intersection of a line and a Circle.
f) Parabola: Conic sections –Parabola- equation of parabola in standard form-different forms of
parabola- parametric equations.
g) Ellipse: Equation of ellipse in standard form- Parametric equations.
h) Hyperbola: Equation of hyperbola in standard form- Parametric equations - Equations of tangent and
normal at a point on the hyperbola (Cartesian and parametric) - conditions fora straight line to be a
tangent-Asymptotes.
i) Three Dimensional Coordinates: Coordinates - Section formulae - Centroid of a triangle and
tetrahedron.
j) Direction Cosines and Direction Ratios: Direction Cosines – Direction Ratios (Excluding angle between
two lines and problems related to it).
k) Plane: Cartesian equation of Plane – Simple Illustrations (Excluding angle between two planes and
problems related to it).

CALCULUS
a) Limits and Continuity: Intervals and neighborhoods – Limits - Standard Limits –Continuity.
b) Differentiation: Derivative of a function - Elementary Properties - Trigonometric, Inverse Trigonometric,
Hyperbolic, Inverse Hyperbolic Function – Derivatives - Methods of Differentiation - Second Order
Derivatives.
c) Applications of Derivatives: Geometrical Interpretation of a derivative - Equations of tangents and
normals - Angles between two curves and condition for orthogonality of curves - Increasing and
decreasing functions - Maxima and Minima.

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d) Integration: Integration as the inverse process of differentiation- Standard forms - properties of
integrals - Method of substitution- integration of Algebraic, exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric
and inverse trigonometric functions (excluding the integrals of the form

∫ √( 2 + + ) dx, ∫( + ) √( 2 + + )dx)- Integration by parts – Integration by

partial fractions method – Reduction formulae.
e) Definite Integrals: Fundamental theorem of Integral Calculus– Properties - Reduction formulae.
f) Differential equations: Degree and order of an ordinary differential equation - Solving differential equation
by i) Variables separable method, ii) Homogeneous differential equation, iii) Linear differential equations
(excluding Solution of linear differential
Equations of the type dx + = , Where P and Q are constants or functions of y only. Dy

PHYSICS
1. PHYSICAL WORLD: What is physics? Scope and excitement of physics. Physics, technology andsociety
Fundamental forces in nature. Nature of physical laws
2. UNITS AND MEASUREMENTS: Introduction, The international system of units, Measurement of
Length, Measurement of Large Distances, Estimation of Very Small Distances, Size of a Molecule,
Range of Lengths, Measurement of Mass, Range of Masses, Measurement of time, Accuracy, precision
of instruments and errors in measurement, Systematic errors, random errors, least count error, Absolute
Error, Relative Error and Percentage Error, Combination of Errors, Significant figures, Rules for
Arithmetic Operations with Significant Figures, Rounding off the Uncertain Digits, Rules for
Determining the Uncertainty in the Results of Arithmetic Calculations, Dimensions of Physical
Quantities, Dimensional Formulae and dimensional equations, Dimensional Analysis and its
Applications, Checking the Dimensional Consistency of Equations, Deducing Relation among the
Physical Quantities.
3. MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE: Introduction, Position, path length and displacement, average velocity
and average speed, instantaneous velocity and speed, acceleration, kinematic equations for uniformly
accelerated motion, relative velocity.
4. MOTION IN A PLANE: Introduction, Scalars and vectors, position and displacement vectors, equality
of vectors, multiplication of vectors by real numbers, addition and subtraction of vectors
- graphical method, resolution of vectors, vector addition - analytical method, motion in a plane,
position vector and displacement, velocity, acceleration, motion in a plane with constant acceleration,
relative velocity in two dimensions, projectile motion, equation of path of a projectile, time of
maximum height, maximum height of a projectile, horizontal range of projectile, uniform circular
motion.
5. LAWS OF MOTION: Introduction, Aristotle’s fallacy, Equilibrium of a particle, Common forces
inmechanics, friction, types of friction, static, kinetic and rolling frictions, Circular motion, Motion of
acar on a level road, Motion of a car on a banked road, solving problems in mechanics.
6. WORK, ENERGY AND POWER: Introduction, The Scalar Product, Notions of work and kinetic energy,
The work-energy theorem, Work, Kinetic energy, Work done by a variable force, The work- energy
theorem for a variable force, The concept of Potential Energy, The conservation of Mechanical Energy,
The Potential Energy of a spring, Various forms of energy, Heat, Chemical Energy, Electrical Energy,
The Equivalence of Mass and Energy, Nuclear Energy, The Principle of Conservation of Energy,
Power, Collisions, Elastic and Inelastic Collisions, Collisions in one dimension, Coefficient of Restitution
and its determination, Collisions in Two Dimensions.
7. SYSTEM OF PARTICLES AND ROTATIONAL MOTION: Introduction, Rigid body motion, Centre of mass,
Centre of Gravity, Motion of centre of mass, Linear momentum of a system of particles, Vector product
of two vectors, Angular velocity and its relation with linear velocity, Angular acceleration, Kinematics
of rotational motion about a fixed axis, Moment of force (Torque), Angular momentum of particle,
Torque and angular momentum for a system of a particles, conservation of angular momentum,
Equilibrium of a rigid body, Principle of moments, Moment of inertia, Dynamicsof rotational motion
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 about a fixed axis, Angular momentum in case of rotation about a fixed axis, Rolling motion, Kinetic
Energy of Rolling Motion.
8. OSCILLATIONS: Introduction, Periodic and oscillatory motions, Period and frequency, Displacement,
Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.), Simple harmonic motion and uniform circular motion, Velocity and
acceleration in simple harmonic motion, Force law for Simple harmonic Motion, Energy in simple
harmonic motion, some systems executing Simple Harmonic Motion, Oscillations due to a spring, The
Simple Pendulum, damped simple harmonic motion, Forced oscillations and resonance.
9. GRAVITATION: Introduction, Universal law of gravitation, central forces, the gravitational constant,
Acceleration due to gravity of the earth, Acceleration due to gravity below and above the surface of
earth, Gravitational potential energy, Escape speed, Orbital Speed, Earth satellites, Energyof an
orbiting satellite, Geostationary and polar satellites, Weightlessness.
10. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS: Introduction, Elastic behavior of solids, Stress and strain,
Hooke’s law, Stress-strain curve, Elastic moduli, Young’s Modulus, Determination of Young’sModulus
of the Material of a Wire, Shear Modulus, Bulk Modulus, Applications of elastic behavior of materials.
11. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS: Introduction, Pressure, Pascal’s Law, Variation of Pressure with
Depth, Atmospheric Pressure and Gauge Pressure, Hydraulic Machines, Archimedes’ Principle,
Streamline flow, Bernoulli’s principle, Speed of Efflux, Torricelli’s Law, Venturi- meter, Blood Flow and
Heart Attack, Dynamic Lift, Viscosity, Variation of Viscosity of fluids with temperature, Stokes’ Law,
Reynolds number, Critical Velocity, Surface tension and Surface Energy, Angle of Contact, Drops and
Bubbles, Capillary Rise, Detergents and Surface Tension.
12. THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER: Introduction, Temperature and heat, Measurement of
temperature, Ideal-gas equation and absolute temperature, Thermal expansion, Specific heat capacity,
Calorimetry, Change of state, Triple Point, Regelation, Latent Heat, Newton’s law of cooling and its
experimental verification.
13. THERMODYNAMICS: Introduction, Thermal equilibrium, Zeroth law of thermodynamics,Heat, Internal
Energy and work, First law of thermodynamics, Specific heat capacity, Specific heat capacity of water,
Thermodynamic state variables and equation of State, Thermodynamic processes, Quasi-static process,
Isothermal Process, Adiabatic Process, Isochoric Process, Isobaric process, Cyclic process, Second law
of thermodynamics, Reversible and irreversible processes, Carnot engine, Carnot’s theorem.
14. KINETIC THEORY: Introduction, Molecular nature of matter, Behaviour of gases, Boyle’s Law,Charles’
Law, Kinetic theory of an ideal gas, Pressure of an Ideal Gas, Kinetic interpretation of temperature,
Law of equipartition of energy, Specific heat capacity, Monatomic Gases, Diatomic Gases, Polyatomic
Gases, Specific Heat Capacity of Solids, Specific Heat Capacity of Water, Meanfreepath.
15. WAVES: Introduction, Transverse and longitudinal waves, displacement relation in a progressive
wave, amplitude and phase, wavelength and angular wave number, period, angular frequency and
frequency, the speed of a travelling wave, speed of a transverse wave on stretched string, speed of a
longitudinal wave (speed of sound), the principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves,
standing waves and normal modes, beats.
16. RAY OPTICS AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS: Introduction, Sign convention, refraction, total internal
reflection, total internal reflection in nature and its technological applications, refraction at spherical
surfaces and by lenses, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact, refraction through a
prism, dispersion by a prism, optical instruments, the eye, the simple and compound microscopes,
refracting telescope and Cassegrain reflecting telescope.
17. WAVE OPTICS: Introduction, Huygens principle, refraction and reflection of plane waves using
Huygens principle, refraction in a rarer medium (at the denser medium boundary), reflection of a
planewave by a plane surface, the Doppler effect, coherent and incoherent addition of waves,
interference oflight waves and Young‘s experiment.
18. ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS: Introduction, Electric charge, conductors and insulators, charging by
induction, basic properties of electric charges, additivity of charges, conservation of charge,
quantization of charge, Coulomb’s law, forces between multiple charges, electric field, electric field
due to a system of charges, physical significance of electric field, electric field lines, electric flux,
electric dipole, the field of an electric dipole for points on the axial line and on the equatorial plane,
physical significance of dipoles, dipole in a uniform external field, continuous charge distribution,
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 Gauss’s law.
19. ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE: Introduction, Electrostatic potential, potential due to
a point charge, potential due to an electric dipole, potential due to a system of charges, equipotential
surfaces, relation between field and potential, potential energy of a system of charges, potential
energy in an external field, potential energy of a single charge, potential energy of a systemof two
charges in an external field, potential energy of a dipole in an external field, electrostatics of
conductors, electrostatic shielding, dielectrics and polarisation, electric displacement, capacitors and
capacitance, the parallel plate capacitor, effect of dielectric on capacitance, combination of capacitors,
capacitors in series, capacitors in parallel, energy stored in a capacitor, Van de Graaff generator.
20. CURRENT ELECTRICITY: Introduction, Electric current, electric current in conductors, Ohm’s law, drift
of electrons and the origin of resistivity, mobility, limitations of Ohm’s law, Temperature dependence
of resistivity, electrical energy, power, Cells, EMF, internal resistance, cells in series andin parallel,
Kirchhoff’s rules, Wheatstone Bridge, Meter Bridge, Potentiometer.
21. MOVING CHARGES AND MAGNETISM: Introduction, Magnetic force, sources and fields, magnetic
field, Lorentz force, magnetic force on a current carrying conductor, motion in a magnetic field,
helical motion of charged particles, magnetic field due to a current element, Biot – Savart’s
law,Magnetic field on the axis of a circular current loop, Ampere’s circuital law, the solenoid and the
toroid, force between two parallel current carrying conductors, the ampere (UNIT), torque on current
loop, magnetic dipole, torque on a rectangular current loop in a uniform magnetic field, circular
current loop as a magnetic dipole, the magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron,the Moving
Coil Galvanometer; conversion into ammeter and voltmeter.
22. MAGNETISM AND MATTER: Introduction, The bar magnet, the magnetic field lines, the electrostatic
analog, Magnetism and Gauss’s Law, The Earth’s magnetism, magnetic declination and dip.
23. ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION: Introduction, The experiments of Faraday and Henry, magnetic flux,
Faraday’s Law of induction, Lenz’s law and conservation of energy, motional electromotive force,
energy consideration - a quantitative study, Eddy currents, inductance, mutual inductance, self-
inductance, AC generator.
24. ALTERNATING CURRENT: Introduction, AC voltage applied to a resistor, representation of ACcurrent
and voltage by rotating vectors - Phasors, AC voltage applied to an inductor, AC voltage applied to a
capacitor, AC voltage applied to a series LCR circuit, Phasor – diagram solution, analytical solution,
resonance, sharpness of resonance, LC oscillations, transformers.
25. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES: Introduction, electromagnetic waves, sources of electromagnetic waves,
nature of electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic spectrum: radio waves, microwaves, infraredwaves,
visible rays, ultraviolet rays, X-rays, gamma rays.
26. DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER: Introduction, Electron emission, Photoelectric Effect,
Hertz’s observations, Hallwachs and Lenard’s observations, experimental study of photoelectric effect,
effect of intensity of light on photocurrent, effect of potential on photoelectric current, effect of
frequency of incident radiation on stopping potential, Photoelectric effect and Wave theory of Light,
Einstein’s Photoelectric equation, Energy Quantum of Radiation, particle nature of light, the photon,
wave nature of matter, photocell.
27. ATOMS: Introduction, Alpha particle scattering and Rutherford’s nuclear model of atom, alpha
particle trajectory, electron orbits, atomic spectra, spectral series, Bohr model of the hydrogen atom,
energy levels, Franck – Hertz experiment, the line spectra of the hydrogen atom, deBroglie’s
explanation of Bohr’s second postulate of quantization, LASER light.
28. NUCLEI: Introduction, Atomic masses and composition of nucleus, discovery of neutron, size of the
nucleus, Mass - Energy, Nuclear Force, Nuclear Energy, Fission, Nuclear reactor, nuclear fusion, energy
generation in stars, controlled thermonuclear fusion.
29. SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRONICS: MATERIALS, DEVICES AND SIMPLE CIRCUITS: Introduction,
Classification of metals, conductors, and semiconductors on the basis of conductivity and energy
bands, Band theory of solids, Intrinsic semiconductor, Extrinsic semiconductor, p-type semiconductor,
n-type semiconductor, Optoelectronic junction devices, Photodiode, light emitting diode, solar cell.
Junction transistor, structure and action, Basic transistor circuit configurations and transistor
characteristics, transistor as a switch and as an amplifier (CE – Configuration), Feedback amplifier and
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 transistor oscillator, Digital Electronics and Logic gates, NOT, OR, AND, NAND and NOR Gates,
Integrated circuits.
30. COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS: Introduction, Elements of a Communication system, basic terminology
used in electronic communication systems, bandwidth of signals, bandwidth of transmission medium,
propagation of electromagnetic waves, ground waves, sky waves, space wave, modulation and its
necessity, size of the antenna or aerial, effective power radiated by an antenna, mixing up of signals
from different transmitters, amplitude modulation, production of amplitude modulated wave,
detection of amplitude modulated wave.
CHEMISTRY
1. ATOMIC STRUCTURE: Developments to the Bohr’s model of atom; Wave nature of electromagnetic
radiation; Particle nature of electromagnetic radiation- Planck’s quantum theory; Bohr’s model for
Hydrogen atom; Explanation of line spectrum of hydrogen; Limitations of Bohr’s model; Quantum
mechanical considerations of sub atomic particles; Dual behaviour of matter; Heisenberg’s uncertainty
principle; Quantum mechanical model of an atom. Important features of Quantum mechanical model of
atom; Orbitals and quantum numbers; Shapes of atomic orbitals; Energies of orbitals; Filling of orbitals in
atoms. Aufbau Principle, Pauli’s exclusion Principle and Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity; Electronic
configurations of atoms; Stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals.

2. CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES: Modern periodic law and present
form of the periodic table; Nomenclature of elements with atomic number greater than 100; Electronic
configuration of elements and the periodic table; Electronicconfiguration and types of elements s,p,d.and f
blocks; Trends in physical properties:(a) Atomic radius, (b) Ionic radius (c) Variation of size in inner
transition elements, (d) Ionization enthalpy,(e) Electron gain enthalpy, (f) Electro negativity; Periodic
trends in chemical properties: (a) Valence or Oxidation states, (b) Anomalous properties of second
period elements
- diagonal relationship; Periodic trends and chemical reactivity.

3. CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE: Kossel - Lewis approach to chemical bonding,
Octet rule, Lewis representation of simple molecules, formal charges, limitations of octet rule; Ionic
or electrovalent bond - Factors favourable for the formation of ionic compounds- Crystal structureof
sodium chloride, General properties of ionic compounds; Bond Parameters - bond length, bond
angle, and bond enthalpy, bond order, resonance-Polarity of bonds dipole moment-Fajan rules;
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory; Predicting the geometry of simple molecules;
Valence bond theory-Orbital overlap concept- Directional properties of bonds-overlapping of atomic
orbitals-types ofoverlapping and nature of covalent bonds-strength of sigma and pi bonds-Factors
favouring the formation of covalent bonds;Hybridisation- different types of hybridization involving s,
p and d orbitals- shapes of simple covalent molecules; Coordinate bond - definition with examples;
Molecular orbital theory - Formation of molecular orbitals, Linear combination of atomic orbitals
(LCAO)-conditions for combination of atomic orbitals - Energy level diagrams for molecular
orbitals -Bonding in some homo nuclear diatomic molecules- H2, He2, Li2, B2, C2, N2 and O2;
Hydrogen bonding- cause of formation of hydrogen bond - Types of hydrogen bonds-inter and intra
molecular- General properties of hydrogen bonds.

4. STATES OF MATTER: GASES AND LIQUIDS: Intermolecular forces; Thermal Energy; Intermolecular
forces Vs Thermal interactions; The Gaseous State; The Gas Laws; Ideal gas equation; Graham’s law
of diffusion - Dalton’s Law of partial pressures; Kinetic molecular theory of gases; Kinetic gas
equation of an ideal gas (No derivation) deduction of gas laws from Kinetic gas equation;; Behaviour
of real gases - Deviation from Ideal gas behaviour - Compressibility factor Vs Pressure diagrams of
real gases;

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5. STOICHIOMETRY: Laws of Chemical Combinations - Law of Conservation of Mass, Law of Definite
Proportions, Law of Multiple Proportions, Atomic and molecular masses- mole concept and molar
mass. Concept of equivalent weight; Percentage composition of compounds and calculations of empirical
and molecular formulae of compounds; Stoichiometry and stoichiometric calculations-limiting reagent;
Methods of Expressing concentrations of solutions- mass percent, mole fraction, molarity, molality and
normality; Redox reactions-classical idea of redox reactions, oxidation and reduction reactions-redox
reactions in terms of electron transfer; Oxidation number concept; Types of Redox reactions-
combination, decomposition, displacement and disproportionationreactions; Balancing of redox
reactions - oxidation number method Half reaction (ion-electron)method;.

6. THERMODYNAMICS: Thermodynamic Terms; The system and the surroundings; Types of systems and
surroundings; The state of the system; The Internal Energy as a State Function.
(a) Work (b) Heat (c) The general case, the first law of Thermodynamics; Applications; Work; Enthalpy,
H- a useful new state function; Extensive and intensive properties; The relationship between Cp and Cv;
Measurement of ∆U and ∆H: Calorimetry; Enthalpy change, ∆rH of reactions - reaction Enthalpy (a)
Standard enthalpy of reactions, (b) Enthalpy changes duringtransformations, (c) Standard enthalpy of
formation, (d) Thermo chemical equations (e) Hess’s law of constant Heat summation; Enthalpies
for different types of reactions. (a) Standard enthalpy of combustion (∆cH ), (b) Enthalpy of
0

atomization (∆aH ), phase transition, sublimation and ionization, (c) Bond Enthalpy (∆bondH0), (d)
0

Enthalpy of solution (∆solH0) and dilution-lattice enthalpy; Spontaneity. (a) Is decrease in enthalpy a
criterion for spontaneity? Entropy and spontaneity, the second law of thermodynamics, (c) Gibbs
Energy and spontaneity; Absolute entropy and the third law of thermodynamics.

7. CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM AND ACIDS-BASES: Equilibrium in Physical process; Equilibrium in chemical

process - Dynamic Equilibrium; Law of chemical Equilibrium - Lawof massaction and Equilibrium
constant; Homogeneous Equilibria, Equilibrium constant in gaseous systems. Relationship between KP
and Kc; Heterogeneous Equilibria; Applications of Equilibrium constant; Relationship between
Equilibrium constant K, reaction quotient Q and Gibbs energy G; Factors affecting Equilibria.-Le-chatlier
principle application to industrial synthesis of Ammonia and Sulphur trioxide; Ionic Equilibrium in
solutions; Acids, bases and salts- Arrhenius, Bronsted- Lowry and Lewisconcepts of acids and bases;
Ionisation of Acidsand Bases - Ionisation constant of water and its ionic product- pH scale-ionisation
constants of weak acids-ionisation of weak bases-relation between Kaand Kb-Di and poly basic acids
anddi and poly acidic Bases-Factors affecting acid strength- Commonion effect in the ionizationof acids
and bases- Buffer solutions- Solubility Equilibria of sparingly soluble salts. Solubility product constant
Common ion effect on solubility of Ionic salts.

8. HYDROGEN AND ITS COMPOUNDS: Position of hydrogen in the periodic table; Dihydrogen- Occurrence
and Isotopes; Hydrides: Ionic, covalent, and non-stoichiometric hydrides; Water: Physical properties;
structure of water, ice. Chemical properties of water; hard and soft water, Temporary and permanent
hardness of water; Heavy Water; Hydrogen as a fuel.
9. THE s - BLOCK ELEMENTS (ALKALI AND ALKALINE EARTH METALS):
Group 1 Elements : Alkali metals; Electronic configurations; Atomic and Ionic radii; Ionization enthalpy;
Hydration enthalpy; Physical properties; Chemical properties; Uses; General characteristics of the
compounds of the alkali metals: Oxides; Halides; Salts of oxo Acids; Anomalous properties of Lithium:
Differences and similarities with other alkali metals, Diagonal relationship; similarities between Lithium
and Magnesium; Some important compounds of Sodium: Sodium Chloride

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 Group 2 Elements: Alkaline earth elements; Electronic configuration; Ionization enthalpy;
Hydrationenthalpy; Physical properties, Chemical properties; Uses; General characteristics of compounds
of the Alkaline Earth Metals: Oxides, hydroxides, halides, salts of oxoacids (Carbonates; Sulphates and
Nitrates); Anomalous behavior of Beryllium; its diagonal relationship with Aluminium; Some important
compounds of calcium: Preparation and uses of Calcium Hydroxide, Plaster of Paris; Cement;

10. p- BLOCK ELEMENTS GROUP 13 (BORON FAMILY): General introduction - Electronic configuration,
Atomic radii, Ionization enthalpy, Electro negativity; Physical & Chemical properties (Note: Aluminum
reactivity towards acids & alkalies is deleted) Important trends and anomalous properties of boron; Uses
of boron, aluminium and their compounds.

11. p-BLOCK ELEMENTS - GROUP 14 (CARBON FAMILY): General introduction - Electronic configuration,
Atomic radii, Ionization enthalpy, Electro negativity; Physical & Chemical properties; Important trends
and anomalous properties of carbon; Allotropes of carbon; Uses of carbon;
12. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES AND
HYDROCARBONS: General introduction; Tetravalency of Carbon: shapes of organic compounds;
Structural representations of organic compounds; Classification of organic compounds;
Nomenclature of organic compounds; Isomerism; Fundamental concepts in organic reaction
mechanisms; Fission of covalent bond; Nucleophiles and electrophiles; Electron movements in organic
reactions; Electron displacement effects in covalent bonds: inductive effect, resonance, resonance
effect, electromeric effect, hyper conjugation; Types of Organic reactions; Hydrocarbons: Classification
of Hydrocarbons; Alkanes - Nomenclature, isomerism (structural and conformations of ethane only);
Preparation of alkanes; Properties - Physical properties and chemical Reactivity, Substitution
reactions – Halogenation (free radical mechanism is deleted),Controlled Oxidation,
Isomerisation, Aromatization, and reaction with steam; Alkenes-
Nomenclature, structure of ethene, Isomerism (structural and geometrical); Methods of preparation;
Properties-Physical and chemical reactions: Addition of Hydrogen, halogen, water, sulphuric acid,
Hydrogen halides (Mechanism- ionic and peroxide effect, Markovnikov’s, anti-Markovnikov’s or
Kharasch effect). Oxidation, Ozonolysis and Polymerization; Alkynes - Nomenclature and isomerism,
structure of acetylene. Methods of preparation of acetylene; Physical properties,Chemical reactions-
acidic character of acetylene, addition reactions- of hydrogen, Halogen, Hydrogen halides and water.
Polymerization; Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Nomenclature and isomerism, Structure of benzene,
Resonance and aromaticity; Preparation of benzene. Physical properties. Chemical properties:
Mechanism of electrophilic substitution. Electrophilic substitution reactions- Nitration, Sulphonation,
Halogenation, Friedel-Craft’s alkylation and acylation; Directive influence of functional groups in mono
substituted benzene, Carcinogenicity and toxicity.
13. SOLID STATE: General characteristics of solid state; Amorphous and crystalline solids; Classification of
crystallinesolids based on different binding forces (molecular, ionic, metallic and covalent solids); Probing
the structure of solids: X-ray crystallography; Crystal lattices and unit cells. Bravais lattices primitive
and centered unit cells; Number of atoms in a unit cell (primitive, body centered and face centered cubic
unit cell); Close packed structures: Close packing in one dimension, in two dimensions and in three
dimensions- tetrahedral and octahedral voids- formula of a compound and number of voids filled-
locating tetrahedral and octahedral voids; Packing efficiency in simple cubic, bcc and in hcp, ccp lattice;
Calculations involving unit cell dimensions- density of the unit cell; Imperfections in solids-types of point
defects-stoichiometric and non- stoichiometric defects;.

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 SOLUTIONS: Types of solutions; Expressing concentration of solutions - mass percentage, volume
percentage, mass by volume percentage, parts per million, mole fraction, molarity and molality;
Solubility: Solubility of a solid in a liquid, solubility of a gas in a liquid, Henry’s law; Vapour pressure of
liquid solutions: vapour pressure of liquid- liquid solutions. Raoult’s law asa special case of Henry’s law -
vapour pressure of solutions of solids in liquids; Ideal and non- ideal solutions; Colligative properties and
determination of molar mass-relative lowering of vapour pressure- elevation of boiling point-depression
of freezing point-osmosis and osmotic pressure- reverse osmosis and water purification;.
15. ELECTROCHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL KINETICS:
Electrochemistry: Electrochemical cells; Galvanic cells: measurement of electrode potentials;
Nernstequation- equilibrium constant from Nernst equation- electrochemical cell and Gibbsenergy of
the cell reaction; Conductance of electrolytic solutions- measurement of the conductivity of ionic
solutions-variation of conductivity and molar conductivity with concentration-strong electrolytes and
weak electrolytes-applications of Kohlrausch’s law; Electrolytic cells and electrolysis: Faraday’s laws of
electrolysis-products of electrolysis; Hydrogen economy.
Chemical Kinetics: Rate of a chemical reaction; Factors influencing rate of a reaction: dependence ofrate
on concentration- rate expression and rate constant- order of a reaction, molecularity of areaction;
Integrated rate equations-zero order reactions-first order reactions- half-life of a reaction; Pseudo first
order reactions; Temperature dependence of the rate of a reaction -effect of catalyst;
16. SURFACE CHEMISTRY: Adsorption : Distinction between adsorption and absorption- mechanism of
adsorption-types of adsorption- characteristics of physisorption-characteristics of chemisorption-
adsorption isotherms-adsorption from solution phase-applications of adsorption; Colloids; Classification
of colloids: Classification based on physical state of dispersed phase and dispersion medium-
classification based on nature of interaction between dispersed phase and dispersion medium-
classification based on type of particles of the dispersed phase- multi molecular, macromolecular and
associated colloids- cleansing action of soaps- preparation of colloids- purification of colloidal solutions-
properties of colloidal solutions: Colligative properties, Tyndal effect, colour, Brownian movement-
charge on colloidal particles, electrophoresis; coagulation- precipitation methods-coagulation of lyophilic
sols and protectionof colloids- Colloids around us- application of colloids.
17. p-BLOCK ELEMENTS: Group-15 Elements: Occurrence- electronic configuration, atomic and ionic radii,
ionisation enthalpy, electronegativity, physical and chemical properties; Dinitrogen- preparation,
properties and uses; Compounds of nitrogen-preparation, properties and uses of ammonia; Oxides of
nitrogen (note: only structures are deleted); Preparation and properties of nitric acid;
Group-16 Elements: Occurrence- electronic configuration, atomic and ionic radii, ionisation enthalpy,
electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, physical and chemical properties; Dioxygen- preparation,
properties and uses; Simple oxides; Ozone-preparation, properties, structure and uses; Sulphur-
allotropic forms; Sulphur dioxide-preparation, properties and uses; Oxoacids of sulphur;Sulphuric acid-
properties and uses.
Group-17 Elements: Occurrence, electronic configuration, atomic and ionic radii, ionisation enthalpy,
electron gain enthalpy, electro negativity, physical and chemical properties; Chlorine- preparation,
properties and uses; Hydrogen chloride- preparation, properties and uses; Oxoacids of halogens;
Interhalogen compounds- preparation, properties and uses.
Group-18 Elements: Occurrence, electronic configuration, ionization enthalpy, atomic radii, electron
gain enthalpy, physical and chemical properties(a) Xenon-fluorine compounds- XeF2,XeF4 and XeF6 -
preparation, hydrolysis and formation of fluoro anions-structures of XeF2, XeF4 and XeF6 (b) Xenon-
oxygen compounds XeO3 and XeOF4 - their formation and structures-

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 18. d AND f BLOCK ELEMENTS & COORDINATIONCOMPOUNDS: d and f block elements: Position in the
periodic table; Electronic configuration of the d-block elements; General properties of the transition
elements (d-block) -physical properties, variation in atomic and ionic sizes of transition series, ionisation
enthalpies, oxidation states, trends in the M²+/M and M³+/M²+ standard electrode potentials, trends in
stability of higher oxidation states, chemical reactivity and Eθ values, magnetic properties, formation of
coloured ions, formation of complex
compounds, catalytic properties, formation of interstitial compounds, alloy formation;; Inner transition
elements(f-block)-lanthanoids- electronic configuration-atomic and ionic sizes- oxidation states- Some
applications of d and f block elements.
Coordination compounds: Werner’s theory of coordination compounds; Definitions of some terms
used in coordination compounds; Nomenclature of coordination compounds-IUPAC nomenclature;
Bonding in coordination compounds. (a)Valence bond theory - magnetic properties of coordination
compounds- limitations of valence bond theory (b) Crystal field theory (i) Crystal field splitting in
octahedral and tetrahedral coordination entities (ii) Colour in coordination compounds- limitations
of crystal field theory; Bonding in metal carbonyls; Stability of coordination compounds;
applications of coordinationcompounds.
19. BIOMOLECULES: Carbohydrates - Classification of carbohydrates- Monosaccharides: preparation of
glucose from sucrose and starch- Properties and structure of glucose- D,L configurations and (+), (-)
configurations of glucose-Structure of fructose; Disaccharides: Sucrose- preparation, structure; Invert
sugar- Structures of maltose and lactose- Polysaccharides: Structuresof starch, cellulose and glycogen-
Importance of carbohydrates (Note: Sucrose, lactose, maltose, starch, carbohydrates importance is
deleted); Proteins: Aminoacids: Natural aminoacids- classification of aminoacids - structures and D and L
forms-Zwitter ions; Proteins- Structures, classification, fibrous and globular- primary, secondary, tertiary
and quarternary structures of proteins- Denaturation of proteins; Vitamins: Explanation-names-
classification of vitamins - sources of vitamins-deficiency diseases of different types of vitamins; Nucleic
acids: chemical composition of nucleic acids, structures of nucleic acids, DNA finger printing biological
functions of nucleic acids;
20. HALOALKANES AND HALOARENES: Classification and nomenclature; Nature of C-X bond; Methods of
preparation: Alkyl halides and aryl halides- from alcohols, from hydrocarbons (a) by free radical
halogenation (b) by electrophilic substitution (c) by replacement of diazonium group (Sandmeyer
reaction) (d) by the addition of hydrogen halides and halogens to alkenes-by halogen exchange reactions;
Physical properties-melting and boiling points, density and solubility; Chemical reactions: Reactions of
haloalkanes (i) Nucleophilic substitution reactions (a) SN² mechanism (b)SN¹ mechanism (c)
stereochemical aspects of nucleophilic substitution reactions- optical activity (ii) Elimination reactions (iii)
Reaction with metals-Reactions of haloarenes: (i) Nucleophilic substitution (ii) Electrophilic substitution
and (iii) Reaction with metals;
21. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING C, H AND O (ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS,ETHERS,
ALDEHYDES, KETONES AND CARBOXYLIC ACIDS):
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers: Alcohols, phenols and ethers -classification; Nomenclature:
(a)Alcohols, (b)phenols and (c) ethers; Structures of hydroxy and ether functional groups; Methods
of preparation: Alcohols from alkenes and carbonyl compounds, from Grignard reagents; Phenols
from haloarenes, benzene sulphonic acid, diazonium salts, cumene; Physical properties of alcohols and
phenols; Chemical reactions of alcohols and phenols (i) Reactions involving cleavage of O-H bond in
alcohols-Acidity ofalcohols and phenols, esterification (ii) Reactions involving cleavage ofC- O
bond- reactions with HX,PX3, dehydration and oxidation
(i) Reactions of phenols- electrophilic aromatic substitution, Kolbe’s reaction, Reimer - Tiemann
reaction, reaction with zinc dust, oxidation; Ethers-Methods of preparation: By dehydration of
alcohols, Williamson synthesis- Physical properties-Chemical reactions: Cleavage ofC-O bond and
electrophilic substitution of aromatic ethers(anisole).

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 Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature and structure of carbonyl group; Preparation of aldehydes
and ketones-(1) by oxidation of alcohols (2) by dehydrogenation of alcohols (3) from
hydrocarbons - Preparation of aldehydes (1) from acyl chlorides (2) from nitriles and esters(3) from
hydrocarbons- Preparation of ketones(1) from acyl chlorides (2)from nitriles (3)from benzene or
substituted benzenes; Physical properties of aldehydes and ketones; Chemical reactions of aldehydes
and ketones-nucleophilic addition, reduction, oxidation, reactions due toα-Hydrogen and other
reactions (Cannizzaro reaction, electrophilic substitution reaction); Uses of aldehydes and ketones.
Carboxylic acids: Nomenclature and structure of carboxylgroup; Methods of preparation of
carboxylic acids (1)from primary alcohols and aldehydes (2) from alkylbenzenes(3)from nitriles
and amides (4)from Grignard reagents (5) from acyl halides and anhydrides (6) from esters; Physical
properties; Chemical reactions: (i) Reactions involving cleavage of O-H bond- acidity, reactions with
metals and alkalies (ii) Reactions involving cleavage of C-OH bond- formation of anhydride,
reactions with PCl5, PCl3, SOCl2, esterification and reaction with ammonia (iii) Reactions involving-
COOH group-reduction, decarboxylation (iv) Substitution reactions in the hydrocarbon part -
halogenation and ring substitution;Uses of carboxylicacids.
22. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING NITROGEN:

Amines: Structure of amines; Classification; Nomenclature; Preparation of amines: reduction of

nitro compounds, ammonolysis of alkyl halides, reduction of nitriles, reduction of amides, Gabriel
phthalimide synthesis and Hoffmann bromamide degradation reaction; Physical properties; Chemical
reactions: basic character of amines, alkylation, acylation, carbyl amine reaction, reaction with
nitrousacid, reaction with aryl sulphonyl chloride, electrophilic substitution of aromatic amines
(aniline)- bromination, nitration and sulphonation.
Cyanides and Isocyanides:
Structure and nomenclature of cyanides and isocyanides; Preparation, physical properties and
chemicalreactions of cyanides and isocyanide.

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