College of Business

and Economics
How to use Computer and
Internet Resources

Prepared By: Ismail K

2017 , Jimma University
 What is Computer
• A computer is a programmable machine that responds to specific
instructions and uses hardware and software to perform tasks.
• A computer system is a collection of hardware and software that performs
specific tasks.
• A computer is a device that accepts information (in the form
of digitalized data) and manipulates it for some result based on
a program, software, or sequence of instructions on how the data is to be
processed.
Discuss Classification of comuters
Discuss Types Computers
Discuss Numbering System in a Computer
 What is Computer Network
• A computer network is a system that connects two or more computing
devices to transmit and share information.
• a system of interconnected computing devices that can communicate
and share resources with each other.
• A computer network is a set of computers sharing resources located
on or provided by network nodes.
• A network is defined as a group of two or more computer systems
linked together.
 What is Internet
• The Internet refers to the entire global network of interconnected computers
 What is World Wide Web(WWW)
• The World Wide Web specifically refers to information resources. These are
accessed via the Internet using URLs and browsers.
• World Wide Web (W3), is basically a system of Internet servers that support
specially formatted documents.
 What is Browser

• a software application that allows a connected

device communicate with web servers on the
world wide web
 What is URL
• A uniform resource locator (URL), colloquially known as an address on the
Web, is a reference to a resource that specifies its location on a computer
network
 URL ..
• Protocol: Usually either http:// or https://, this tells the web browser to
expect a web address to follow. Modern web browsers don't require you to
type the protocol; it will fill that in on its own.
• Domain: This is the highest-level part of a URL — the website's name —
and you can think of it as the computer on which the webpage is stored. In
reality, the domain is probably made up of many computers, especially for
large domains accessed by many people.
 URL ..
• Path: Think of this as the folder structure of the website, so a browser
knows which subfolder to find the webpage in.
• Webpage: This is the last part of the URL and is the specific page you are
requesting. It's generally the actual filename of the page as it is stored on the
domain computer.
 URL ..
• In reality, a URL is hiding a lot of complexity; the URL is a user-friendly
stand-in for an IP address, which is a string of characters that serves as the
webpage's actual location on the internet. When you enter a URL into a web
browser, your browser then looks up the IP address of the domain name
using a tool called an Domain Name Server (DNS). The DNS is like a phone
book used by every web browser.
 Example of Web Browsers
• Google Chrome
• Very easy to learn and use, and it has everything you need in a browser
• High performance
• Massive amount of third-party extensions
 • Microsoft Edge (replaced internet explorer)

• Deeply integrated AI features

• Power-efficient Chrome alternative
 • Mozilla Firefox
• Open source
• Lightweight
Components of Web Browser
 User Interface:
• This unit includes things that are specific to each type of browsers and are
not created by the web.
• It defines the layout of elements available for user to interact in the browser
window except for the web page itself. The elements for interaction includes
the address bar, the refresh, back, forward buttons, the bookmark bar, etc.
 Browser Engine:
This unit handles the interactions between the user interface and the rendering
engine. The browser engine is the part that receives the input from the UI and
processes it to command the render engine. It’s a middle man who sits between
UI and Render Engine to connect those 2 parts.
 Rendering Engine:
• It is the unit responsible for rendering/displaying the requested content on the
browser window, which is one of the most expensive operations in the browser. For
example, if an HTML page is requested, then it is responsible for parsing HTML
and CSS, and display the parsed and formatted content on the screen. The most
popular rendering engines are:
• Blink – Used in Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, and Opera browsers. Blink is
based on Webkit.
• WebKit – Used in Safari browsers.
• Gecko – Used in Mozilla Firefox browsers.
 Networking:
This unit handles HTTP calls and other network-related tasks.
 JavaScript Interpreter:
• It is a unit used to parse and execute the JavaScript code in a web page.
There are different types of JS engines used by different browsers to analyse,
parse and execute.
• The most popular ones are:
• V8 (C++) – Used in Google Chrome and Microsoft Edge.
• SpiderMonkey (C/C++) – Used by Mozilla Firefox.
• JavaScriptCore (Nitro) – Used by Safari.
 UI Backend:
• This unit uses the user interface methods of the underlying operating system.
It is mainly used for drawing basic widgets like a select box, an input box, a
check box, etc.
 Data Persistence:
A web browser needs to store various types of data locally, for example,
cookies, localStorage, local cache, etc. As a result, browsers must be compatible
with data storage mechanisms such as WebSQL, IndexedDB, FileSystem, etc.
• Turn On Personal Computer
 User Account
• A user account is a collection of settings and permissions, specific to a user, that determines
what a user can and cannot do on the computer. These settings are also used to protect the
user's files and folders from access by other non - authorized people.
• Examples:
• Administrators
• Guest
• Limited Users ( any user account created with a limited privilege)
• Administrative Users ( any user account created with a limited Full-Access privilege )
 What is GUI ( graphical User Interface)
• A Graphical User Interface (GUI) is a type of user interface that allows users
to interact with a computer or other electronic device using visual elements
like icons, menus, and a pointing device (like a mouse). It's a more intuitive
way to interact with a computer compared to text-based command-line
interfaces (CLIs).
Benefits of GUI
 What is Desktop
• A desktop is a computer display area that represents the kinds of objects found on
top of a physical desk, including documents, phone books, telephones, reference
sources, writing and drawing tools, and project folders.
• A desktop can be contained in a window that is part of the total display area or can
be full screen, taking up the total display area. Users can have multiple desktops for
different projects and work environments, and they can switch between them.
• A desktop on a computer display is different from a desktop computer, which is
personal computer (PC) that sits on a desk or table.
Desktop