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Java short notes

Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems, emphasizing platform independence through the Java Virtual Machine. Key concepts include classes and objects, inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and abstraction, along with a robust exception-handling mechanism. Java features automatic garbage collection, built-in support for multithreading, and various security measures.

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5 views

Java short notes

Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems, emphasizing platform independence through the Java Virtual Machine. Key concepts include classes and objects, inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and abstraction, along with a robust exception-handling mechanism. Java features automatic garbage collection, built-in support for multithreading, and various security measures.

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Mohd
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Java (Notes)

1. Introduction to Java:

• Java is a high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language designed to


have as few implementation dependencies as possible.

• Developed by Sun Microsystems in 1991 and now owned by Oracle Corporation.

• Platform Independence: Java uses the "write once, run anywhere" philosophy, making
it platform-independent via the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

2. Key Concepts in Java:

• Classes and Objects: Java is object-oriented, meaning everything is an object. A class


is a blueprint for objects, and an object is an instance of a class.

• Inheritance: Enables one class to inherit the properties and methods of another class.
Allows for code reusability.

• Polymorphism: The ability of a single function or operator to operate on different types


of objects. Achieved through method overloading and overriding.

• Encapsulation: Hides the internal state of an object and only exposes necessary
methods. Achieved using private variables and public getter/setter methods.

• Abstraction: Hides complex implementation details from the user. Can be achieved
using abstract classes and interfaces.

3. Java Syntax:

• Java programs consist of classes and methods.

• Every Java program begins with the main() method, which is the entry point of the
program.

public class HelloWorld {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("Hello, World!");

4. Exception Handling:

• Java provides a robust exception-handling mechanism, allowing developers to handle


runtime errors and maintain program flow.

• Commonly used keywords: try, catch, throw, throws, finally.

try {

int result = 10 / 0;

} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());

} finally {

System.out.println("Finally block executed.");

5. Java Features:

• Garbage Collection: Automatic memory management ensures that objects not in use
are removed to free memory space.

• Multithreading: Java provides built-in support for multithreading, allowing concurrent


execution of two or more parts of a program.

• Security: Java includes a range of security features such as bytecode verification and
secure class loaders.

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