Axipnancant-2

Ques-1 What is RDBMs?Stat Codd's wules ta RDBMS.

Ani-RDBMS standa on Relatienal Ratabase Maragement
syutemu liku
Syuläm. dl mBdbvn databa. managumut
`ouH, IBM D82, Oracle, hiy-SQL and MiuAet
SQL , MSSaL
st d called Rlatieral Ratabase Maragururt Syutün boause
it i baud an aelatienal medul by'E·f Cedd.
|n RDBMS, datn is H HUsnted in trunu e tuplus (Hauu) in
the mot cemnenly used
RDBMS. A Helatipnal database has° it
database. t centoins Aeunal tables &each table
Bhinasy kuy tablu, data can
ue to'a calletien e un GHgarisd det
be accsed eosiduy in'RDBMS. casset RDBMs.
database to be
|Sema ules dulie a f. Cedd dn 985.
thuse ules wHe duualepee by
Rule -o4 : dnlowmatien Rule
Adatabask cortains uasieus inlaunatim , and this indeumatien
wuat be staud in eoeh eall 'a toble in the feum ef seaus
and colun

eumy ingle au pruzise data ay be asssed lagically tuema

latienal' databae uing the tembiatien of pimasy ky
ualue, table namL and aumn name.
Pul -0z: Sytumatie teatmut e< Null Values.
his sulee da<ines the aysamati tuntmut e null ualues
in database HueaH. hu null nalues tas uaiaus ma
gs un the database ike misig the data ne Value in
a well,inappuppsiat in<omatien , unknewn data and
rull.
h painay key ahoud bz nat be
Rule -04: Actiuu /Bynamic Gnlinu Catalsq thu duseigtiue
# kupsAenA the entoie legical aliuetivu
bL ktoyd eninn aund is knewn as a
database that ust the databose
autheiZLA USeHA to acces
database diotienau . t to acc the
and implamut a'similas quvy
database.
Buls 05: Ratn Sublanquagaccssud AAing a anguagu hauing
A datobas can enly' he' duloitien dath ranipula~ien
inuay syntax that sigpeut data.
cpatieva. Uhis langua can bu ud
nd transaetiem managununt apsticatin. ! he tatabase allew
muans o some
Aiuctly a by withsut
Acce 'to data nithko ay tulp tis
Langungt,thun it

Ruds
Ruls -Os Wiur Updating thubrdtically updatud and uust se
AL uiaus table can B 8 database'sytims.
Pacticalliy updatid by #he Delt.
Rnl-0:igh, dual
kuel tswt, Uydat and
fallous high - leuel Kulatienal
Adatabase sutam chauld dat & dalete in eash leual cu
|Gpatienu duoh as insut unien, intusectien and minus
dingl Hew. st also duspaut
etton in the databait gystm.
Rue -0a:Physioal lata ind1pvndunceRule
database uust be indusudut e
the data toud in a
|h asplicatiens that acss thedatabasdatabase. Any change
the phyaieal stuetL a wuyt not haue any
n how he data is, bting aecssed by the
inpaat
etnal aplicatians
 Rult -09: kogical lata indisundenee
datan indesndence . tt mean.,
st is similn to hwical it shsuld
thu leqical lul ,
4 any chanqu cccusvid to w.is "is ene e< te wast diltuul
aluct the un's

Ruls- 10:Stuguity, drdipudna Rauta. the applicaliem that

ihdependut
be
Adatabase nstintigutiy'cenitbants can be induparduntlyy
ses it. de it any change in the apslicatier.
huedifud witheut the nud el
halseul in naking' databas Gndipandnt tax each
dt iX also
3t
Auent -end aplicatien -
Rul -44, Aisbibutien, drdpndne Rule.
|the Aitsibutien tndupendune ule HUDHALLent a a database
wust uauk pupuly ,euan is
4 it' is stsad in dillount
that
locatiens wd usud by dilfout'nd
Rule-12: Nen- Subywrien Rule. atie and
RDBMS s a SQL kanguage to ioe
his ule dlis sjaom has a low-aul
maripulat data inthe database. d a
than SaL han to acUuL the DB
dapauat Language ctu
the
inligut to tsanoum
kytin, it shedd 'nat subust au bypass
Anto
Quu-2 Ailoatiat btuun DBMS and ADBMS.
S"No DBMS RDBMS.
t standa Lou Datobau Man- t stands ton Relatiena
aaumsnt lym. atabass Managumunt Sytim
&. A8MS stos data as a fite. RDBMS atases data in
X. Rata elemuta meds to acs Multile data elnurti can
be accusd t the Aame
indiuadually tine
4. No sulotienskip btueun data Aata elis taved in the
oum tables uhich ae
ulatdt tach ate
5. Naumalixotien is nat pusunt Nasmalixatgn is paesunt
6. Aaun't dusut Distibutud Quypasts Dthibutad
latnbast Jatabase.
t say data in ethuse St uses a tabula
a nauigatimal ar kisasehial stuuetuse.

Rala udundany is cenmen Kug avd indexes do nat

in this msdal allewData Redunclany
Nat all Codd ues ae Ae 12 Cedd ulu ae
9.
xalijid. atiliud.
husu
40-Secusity prouidud
Qu8 Bridly explain diloant typus o kuyt ud in ROMS.
iuut types of kuya in RDBMS ae as poiau :
dnu
* Ouinasy Kuy
* use kuy

* foretgn Kay'
than ene candidot kuy in ulatien
* hune 'cCan'be meu
ut e which enu can bL cheun as Bümasy Ruy.
tn.
* dt can idutily arty on tuyle at a timu
* dt cannot b ut:

* Binasy kuys asu at ucsaily to be a dingle calumn;

MaHe han eHe Calumn Can alao'be a
g - n a Shdut tabl
Studut (sh.-o , Snamu. , addses,cantat), tu no iu

2(andidnn ky
* h minimal et o! attübutas that con
a table is knan as Camdidat kuy.
*t iu a Supon ky tuitlh uo tupeatud data.
*A table onn haue mutile candidati kya but ony on
R he uale Candidat kuy is ique may be mul
foe a tille.
 h est e fhe table shuo i a t buimoy ky
tibuts lik,
enideud as a andida kuy.Snam.auddu rtot

i a hat
HQuA n a tabl
*Acandidat ky is a Bupu kuy buct. vine uUAA à Yut
not tu.
Susoe kuy ualuu can aluo be u.
- n the émp talte,
emp (emp Id ,emp_name , Pasuport no, SsN), the nomethe
tus empeyees can be Aamne but thu emp-Id can't be
Sam.ene, this
|Bame. cembinatien can aso he a Suse ky.
Altisynat ky
the candidata kayattuw than the puinDNy kuy iu called
Dn allunt ky.

t centaing tuus aH mae ilds to iduntiyn HACAHdA.

-sn a Studot toblo., Stu-no as wull as certact bath aHe
g bL
ky to ulatiem Studut but Cenlact ll
andidat
an altiynat kiy

puaimay ky
in a table make a Cempo
attibutustd toqethun do
Uus au maue
A t cemhiratiens of attäbuis may gue diorant atcusand
 can be to acc
Full Nam and DOBembind togtue
the
dstails o tuduta.
n en tablu
6
t ua
Ry fuimauyondti
ky table
act as a dcondauy kuy in
ond it sulatiens at a tun.
tuue a ma talles.
t cembis elounce betueenn the
cAA- stu-no
ihey act as a fouign kuy to
Sadut.Coun ua
stu-no in
i n stidut nelaten.
 hat AL the baaie Rilatimal dlgebna ohnatims i
tua briay
uidaly ud fuuudunal lorguag .
Malnal algubua ia
instanes o lations 's ngut ard qiui
Hulatins at itsut.

ilatnaldlgbua diuthd in uaNiBA

lhay,Ralatimal. povatima
Sleee(o)
bjet(r)
Ruam (P)
Algcbua Auem Set theN
Relatienal
Unien (u)
.ditanastien(n)
·litona(-)
' Catesianeoduet (x)

.DiVISION
Aaauy Relatiraa? 0kuotim
SELecT Gbatien is svd to dtlecting
QSELECT (-)-the
'the tuples
uan doleotien omditen. st iu dnatd bt
expsusier do cheee fuples which iect He Selectio
t tuples
pedieate tH
. Selet opuaton sleti a pedieatr
that Aatiy the giunphedecal opl).
 lwhich is te hame teetable).
iz Ailatish
bpupaitonal lugie.
whuu alauy is quaiu
p- Slaet tuglu fuom cusomuu
than 50000.
the Spucilic calurn o a
6PRoTECTION() - t diiplauys duuatid by pia(x). t is
tablu ,tt ü . tt elininatis
He asiginal Hulatien
auwtiial subut e<

ID Name Salasy
101 A 6500
102 T200
444 2500

232
Ib,Namenaburtar)
ID Nome
L01 A
102
444 C
232.
 Osuatien)
TID TName
tees

Cauwse
CNam Cause
Teah
tdueatien)
STDENY
MANAGEME
SYSTeM
CID

haue
haue

Sesleti
Stdent Pesondl
etail
AID Adrnin SID

Name Posword Gducatem

Detail

Name
LoginNamy