PHY10016

BRANCHING,
ITERATION
McS. Nguyen, Vuong Thuy Ngan
Previous
01 syntax and semantics

02 scalar objects

03 simple operations

04 expressions, variables and values

TODAY
01 string object type

02 branching and conditionals

03 indentation

04 iteration and loops

Email problem
 STRINGS
letters, special characters, spaces, digits
enclose in quotation marks or single quotes
hi = "hello there"

concatenate strings
name = "ana"
greet = hi + name
greeting = hi + " " + name

do some operations on a string as defined in Python docs

silly = hi + " " + name * 3
 STRINGS
How to get the output below?

Python_Python_Python_Python

Your student number but with the rule:

odd position display a time * with a is the value at that position
even position display b time _ with b is the value at that position
example: 124234 will be
*__****__***____

5 mins
 INPUT/OUTPUT: print
used to output stuff to console
keyword is print

x = 1 print(x)
x_str = str(x)
print("my fav num is", x, ".", "x =", x)
print("my fav num is " + x_str + ". " + "x = " + x_str)
INPUT/OUTPUT: input(" ")
prints whatever is in the quotes
user types in something and hits enter
binds that value to a variable
text = input("Type anything... ")
print(5*text)

input gives you a string so must cast if working with numbers

num = int(input("Type a number... "))
print(5*num)
 INPUT/OUTPUT
How to get the output below?

Python_Python_Python_Python=> Repeat Python with _ n time but

the last one won’t have _

Your student number but with the rule:

odd position display a time * with a is the value at that position
even position display b time _ with b is the value at that position
example: 124234 will be

5 mins
*__****__***____
Input your student ID
COMPARISON OPERATORS ON
int,float, string
i and j are variable names
comparisons below evaluate to a Boolean
i>j
i >= j
i<j
i <= j
i == j -> equality test, True if i is the same as j
i != j -> inequality test, True if i not the same as j
 LOGIC OPERATORS ON bools
a and b are variable names (with Boolean values)
not a -> True if a is False
False if a is True
a b a and b a or b
a and b -> True if both are True
a or b -> True if either or both are True True True True True

False True False True

True False False True

False False False False

LOGIC OPERATORS ON bools
If you can decribe and and or with Math, what would it be?

a b a and b a or b

True True True True

False True False True

True False False True

False False False False

 COMPARISON EXAMPLE
pset_time = 15
sleep_time = 8
print(sleep_time > pset_time)
derive = True
drink = False
both = drink and derive print(both)
If right clear, go right

If right blocked, go forward

If right and front blocked, go left

If right , front, left blocked, go back

 CONTROL FLOW -BRANCHING
<condition> has a value True or False
if <condition>: if <condition>:
evaluate expressions in that block if
<expression> <expression>
<condition> is True
<expression> <expression>
... ...
elif <condition>:
if <condition>: <expression>
<expression> <expression>
<expression> ...
... else:
else: <expression>
<expression> <expression>
<expression> ...
...
 CONTROL FLOW -BRANCHING

print:
F if your score smaller than 5
D if your score equal or greater than 5 and smaller than 7
C if your score equal or greater than 7 and smaller than 8
B if your score equal or greater than 8 and smaller than 9
A if your score greater than 9

5 mins
 INDENTATION
matters in Python
how you denote blocks of code
x = float(input("Enter a number for x: "))
y = float(input("Enter a number for y: "))
if x == y:
print("x and y are equal")
if y != 0:
print("therefore, x / y is", x/y)
elif x < y:
print("x is smaller")
else:
print("y is smaller")
print("thanks!")
 = vs ==

x = float(input("Enter a number for x: "))

y = float(input("Enter a number for y: "))
if x == y: What if we change to x=y?
print("x and y are equal")
if y != 0:
print("therefore, x / y is", x/y)
elif x < y:
print("x is smaller")
else:
print("y is smaller")
print("thanks!")
 keep going right, takes you back to this same
screen, stuck in a loop

if <exit right>:
<set background to movie_background>
if <exit right>:
<set background to movie_background>

Lost bird
if <exit right>:
<set background to movie_background>
and so on and on and on...
else:
<set background to exit_background>
else:
<set background to exit_background>
else:
<set background to exit_background>
 keep going right, takes you back to this same
screen, stuck in a loop

Lost bird
while <exit right>:
<set background to movie_background>
<set background to exit_background>
 CONTROL FLOW
while LOOPS

while <condition>:
<expression>
<expression>
...
<condition> evaluates to a Boolean
if <condition> is True, do all the steps inside the
while code block
check <condition> again
repeat until <condition> is False
 whileLOOP EXAMPLE
You are the Lost Bird.
************
************
🐦
************
************
Go left or right?

PROGRAM:
n = input("You're the Lost Bird. Go left or right? ")
while n == "right":
n = input("You're in the Lost Forest. Go left or right? ")
print("You got out of the Lost Forest!")
 CONTROL FLOW
while and for LOOPS

iterate through numbers/list in a sequence

# more complicated with while loop
n=0
while n < 5:
print(n) n = n+1

# shortcut with for loop

for n in range(5):
print(n)
 CONTROL FLOW
while and for LOOPS

for <variable> in range(<some_num>):

<expression>
<expression>
...

each time through the loop, <variable> takes a

value
first time, <variable> starts at the smallest value
next time, <variable> gets the prev value + 1
etc.
 range(start,stop,step)
default values are start = 0 and step = 1 and
optional
loop until value is stop - 1

mysum = 0
for i in range(7, 10):
mysum += i
print(mysum)

mysum = 0
for i in range(5, 11, 2):
mysum += i
print(mysum)
 breakSTATEMENT
immediately exits whatever loop it is in
skips remaining expressions in code block
exits only innermost loop!
while <condition_1>:
while <condition_2>:
<expression_a>
break
<expression_b>
<expression_c>
 breakSTATEMENT
mysum = 0
for i in range(5, 11, 2):
mysum += i
if mysum == 16:
break
mysum += 1
print(mysum)

what happens in this program?

 for VS while

draw your bingo 3x3 fill with your

keywords about for vs while
 End....
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