St.

Thomas’ College of Engineering & Technology

JAVA
LECTURE : INHERITANCE

A. K. SIROMONI
( AIML )
 INHERITANCE

Access Modifiers :
C++ : PRIVATE , PROTECTED, PUBLIC, ( If not specified , modifier is PRIVATE )

JAVA : PRIVATE , PROTECTED, PUBLIC, DEFAULT ( If not specified , modifier is DEFAULT )

KEY WORDS :

INHERITANCE, BASE CLASS, CHILD CLASS, SIMPLE INHERITANCE, MULTIPLE

INHERITANCE, HIERARCHICAL OR MULTILEVEL INHERITANCE, HYBRID OR
MULTI LEVEL MULTIPLE INHERITANCE

A.K.SIROMONI-STCET-CSE(AIML) 2
 INHERITANCE

INHERITANCE : IS THE PROPERTY OF OBJECT ORIENTATION BY WHICH A

CLASS ( CALLED SUB CLASS OR CHILD CLASS ) GETS CHARACTERISTICS AND
FUNCTIONALITY FROM ANOTHER CLASS ( CALLED SUPER CLASS OR PARENT
CLASS )

INHERITANCE IS SUPPORTED BY ALL OBJECT ORIENTED LANGUAGES LIKE

JAVA, C++, C#, PYTHON, PERL , EIFFEL etc.

ALL OBJECT ORIENTED LANGUAGES SUPPORT MULTILEVEL

INHERITANCE BUT MULTIPLE INHERITANCE IS NOT SUPPORTED BY ALL
OBJECT ORIENTED LANGUAGES LIKE JAVA, ,C#, EIFFEL etc.

A.K.SIROMONI-STCET-CSE(AIML) 3
 INHERITANCE
PACKAGE : A java package is a group of classes (preferably similar types),
interfaces and sub-packages.

CHILD CLASS and BASE CLASS : The class which inherits the properties of
other class/classes is known as child class (derived class, sub class) and the class
/ classes whose properties are inherited is known as parent class (base class,
super class).

TYPES OF INHERITANCE

A) SIMPLE INHERITANCE : SUPPORTED BY ALL OBJECT ORIENTED LANGUAGE

BASE CLASS

CHILD CLASS

A.K.SIROMONI-STCET-CSE(AIML) 4
 INHERITANCE
TYPES OF INHERITANCE
B) MULTILEVEL INHERITANCE : SUPPORTED BY JAVA, C++

CLASS A

CLASS B

CLASS C

A.K.SIROMONI-STCET-CSE(AIML) 5
 TYPES OF INHERITANCE
B) MULTIPLE INHERITANCE : SUPPORTED BY C++ NOT BY JAVA

CLASS B CLASS C

CLASS A

HOWEVER IN JAVA , MULTIPLE INHERITANCE MAY ACHIEVED THROUGH INTERFACES

CLASS B INTERFACE C

CLASS A

A.K.SIROMONI-STCET-CSE(AIML) 6
 TYPES OF INHERITANCE
B) MULTIPLE INHERITANCE : SUPPORTED BY JAVA THROUGH INTERFACES

HOWEVER IN JAVA , MULTIPLE INHERITANCE MAY ACHIEVED THROUGH INTERFACES

INTERFACE C INTERFACE B INTERFACE C

CLASS A

INTERFACE D INTERFACE C INTERFACE E

CLASS A CLASS B
A.K.SIROMONI-STCET-CSE(AIML) 7
 TYPES OF INHERITANCE
C) MULTILEVEL MULTIPLE INHERITANCE : SUPPORTED BY C++ NOT BY JAVA

CLASS A

CLASS B CLASS C

CLASS D

A.K.SIROMONI-STCET-CSE(AIML) 8
 SCOPE OF ACCESS MODIFIER THROUGH INHERITANCE

C++
PUBLIC INHERITANCE : ACCESS MODIFIERS REMAINS SAME IN CHILD CLASS

PRIVATE INHERITANCE : ACCESS MODIFIERS BECOMES PRIVATE IN CHILD CLASS

PROTECTED INHERITANCE : ACCESS MODIFIERS BECOMES PROTECTED IN CHILD CLASS

JAVA

SCOPE OF ACCESS MODIFIERS IN JAVA

Access Within class Within Outside package by Outside

Modifier package subclass only package

Private Y N N N

Default Y Y N N

Protected Y Y Y N

Public Y Y Y Y

A.K.SIROMONI-STCET-CSE(AIML) 9
 EXAMPLE 1 - FILE NAME (inherit1.java)

//inheritance in java
import java.io.*;

class base { base

(){System.out.println("base");} }
class child extends base {
child(){System.out.println("child");} }

public class inherit1{

public static void main(String [] args)
{base b = new base();
child c = new child();} }

OUTPUT : base
base
child

A.K.SIROMONI-STCET-CSE(AIML) 10
 EXAMPLE 2 - FILE NAME (inherit2.java)
//inheritance in java public
import java.io.*;

class base { base (){ System.out.println("base");}

public void show(){System.out.println("Show from base");} }
class child extends base { child(){System.out.println("child");}
public void show1(){System.out.println("Show from child");} }

public class inherit2{

public static void main(String [] args)
{base b = new base(); b.show();
child c = new child(); c.show();
c.show1(); } }

OUTPUT - base
Show from base
base
child
Show from base
Show from child
A.K.SIROMONI-STCET-CSE(AIML) 11
 EXAMPLE 3 - FILE NAME (inherit3.java)
//inheritance in java protected
import java.io.*;

class base { base (){ System.out.println("base");}

protected void show(){System.out.println("Show from base");} }
class child extends base { child(){System.out.println("child");}
public void show1(){System.out.println("Show from child");} }

public class inherit3{

public static void main(String [] args)
{base b = new base();
b.show(); // cannot call from classes of other packages which have inherited base
child c = new child(); c.show();
c.show1();} }
OUTPUT - base
Show from base
base
child
Show from base
Show from child
A.K.SIROMONI-STCET-CSE(AIML) 12
 EXAMPLE 4 - FILE NAME (inherit4.java)
//inheritance in java protected
import java.io.*;

class base { base (){System.out.println("base");}

protected void show(){System.out.println("Show from base");} }
class child extends base { child(){System.out.println("child");}
// calling inherited show function in show1
public void show1(){show();System.out.println("Show from child");} }

public class inherit4 { public static void main(String [] args)

{base b = new base(); b.show();
child c = new child(); c.show();
c.show1();} }
OUTPUT - base
Show from base
base
child
Show from base
Show from base
Show from child
A.K.SIROMONI-STCET-CSE(AIML) 13
 ACCESS PRIVILEGES OF INHERITANCE IN JAVA

• INHERITED PUBLIC MEMBERS FROM THE BASE WILL BE PUBLIC , CAN NOT BE
PRIVATE OR PROTECTED

• INHERITED PROTECED MEMBERS FROM THE BASE WILL BE PROTECTED , CAN

NOT BE PRIVATE BUT MAY BE PUBLIC

• PRIVATE MEMBERS CAN NOT BE INHERITED

• INHERITED DEFAULT MEMBERS FROM THE BASE WILL BE PUBLIC OR PROTECTED

IN SAME PACKAGE , CAN NOT BE PRIVATE

A.K.SIROMONI-STCET-CSE(AIML) 14
 EXAMPLE 4a - FILE NAME (inherits.java)

/* inheritance in java public member show in base changed to protected in child class,
ERROR */
import java.io.*;

class base { base (){System.out.println("base");}

public void show(){System.out.println("Show from base");} }
class child extends base { child(){System.out.println("child");}
protected void show(){System.out.println("Show from child");} }

public class inherits{

public static void main(String [] args)
{base b = new base(); b.show();
child c = new child(); c.show(); } }

OUTPUT – attempting to assign weaker privileges , was public

A.K.SIROMONI-STCET-CSE(AIML) 15
 EXAMPLE 6 - FILE NAME (inherit6.java)

//inheritance and overloading

import java.io.*;

class base { base (int i){System.out.println("base "+i);}

protected void show(){System.out.println("Show from base");} }
class child extends base { child(int k){super(k+1);System.out.println("child "+k);}
// show function is overriden
public void show(){super.show();System.out.println("Show from child");} }

public class inherit6{ public static void main(String [] args)

{base b = new base(10); b.show();
child c = new child(11); c.show(); } }

OUTPUT - base 10
Show from base
base 12
child 11
Show from base
Show from child

A.K.SIROMONI-STCET-CSE(AIML) 16