UTTARA UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

COURSE CODE: EEE102

COURSE TITLE: ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS I LAB

Experiment Number 1

Experiment: Uses of Switches, Lamp Loads, Meters and Oscilloscope

CAUTION:

1. Do not connect the circuit to and turn on the supply until the circuit has been checked by
your teacher or laboratory instructor.
2. Electrical Circuits are potentially dangerous and may cause fatal injury resulting in death
3. Take care of the range of reading of the apparatus before connecting it to the circuit.
4. Do not come to physical contact with any bare circuit element in energized condition.
5. Wear shoes without any nails.

APPARATUS:

1) Lamp boards(220V available wattage)

2) SPST, SPDT, DPST, DPDT, TPST switches.
3) Ammeter, Voltmeter, multimeter and oscilloscope

OBJECTIVE:

First part of this experiment is to acquaint the students with some simple circuits and to make them
familiar with diagram reading, drawing and wiring with the help of different types of switches (
SPST- Single Pole Single Throw, SPDT- Single Pole Double Throw, DPST- Double Pole Single
Throw , DPDT- Double Pole Double Throw ) and lamp loads that will be frequently encountered in
different experiments.

Second part of this experiment is to get familiar with ammeter, voltmeter, multimeter and
oscilloscope to be used for measurement purposes in electrical circuits.

PRELAB ASSIGNMENT:

Draw the circuit diagram according to the instructions given below:

1. Connect an electric lamp so that it may be operated from a 220 V ac supply using an SPST
switch.
2. Connect a lamp so that it may be operated by either of two SPST switches.
3. Connect two lamps so that either may be operated from a common source by its own SPST
switch.
4. Connect two lamps so that both may be operated simultaneously from a common source by one
SPST switch. Is it possible to do it in any other way? If possible, show both the diagrams and
indicate the preferable one.
5. Connect a lamp so that it may be operated independently by either of two SPDT switches from a
220v source.
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6. Connect a lamp using two SPDT and one DPDT switches to the power supply in such way so
that the lamp may be turned ON/OFF by any of the three switches.

LAB WORK:

1. Implement the circuits of your pre-lab assignment in the laboratory and check their
functionality by connecting your circuit to the 230VAC 50 Hz supply.
2. Connect two lamp boards in parallel and connect the combination to the 230 VAC 50 Hz
supply. Make appropriate ammeter and voltmeter connections to read the voltage and
current of the lamp boards individually. Change load by switching the lamps and take
readings of the voltmeter and ammeters. Check the voltmeter reading with multimeter in
each step.
3. Connect two lamp boards in series and connect the combination to the 230 VAC 50 Hz
supply. Make appropriate ammeter and voltmeter connections to read the voltage and
current of each lamp board individually. Change load by switching the lamps and take
readings of the voltmeter and ammeters. Check the voltmeter reading with multimeter in
each step.
4. Make an RC series circuit on a bread board and supply the circuit from a function generator.
Using an oscilloscope observe (draw) and measure the voltage waveforms of the input
voltage, voltage across the resistor and voltage across the capacitor with sinusoidal input and
square wave input.
5. Take ten carbon resistances of different values and measure their resistances with the
multimeter.

Report:

Report results of your experiment on lab work part with drawing of all circuits, readings in
tables, drawing of waveforms and your observation if any.

Also write about what did you learn from this laboratory experiment.

Working of SPST Switch

The Single Pole Single through (SPST) is a basic on/off switch that just connects or breaks the connection between two terminals.
The power supply to a circuit is switched by the SPST switch. A simple SPST switch is shown in figure below.

These types of switches are also called toggle switches. This switch has two contacts one is input and other output. From the
typical light switch diagram, it controls one wire (pole) and it makes one connection (throw). This is an on/off switch, when the
switch is closed or on then current flows through the terminals and the bulb in circuit will glow. When the switch is open or off
then there is no current flow in the circuit.

SPST Circuit

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Working of SPDT Switch
The single pole double throw (SPDT) switch is a three terminal switch, one for input and other two for the outputs. It connects a
common terminal to one or the other of two terminals.

For using the SPDT as SPST switch then just use the COM terminal instead of other terminals. For instance we can use COM
and A or COM and B.

From the circuit, it clearly demonstrates what happens when the SPDT switch is moved back and forth. These switches are
used in a three-way circuit to turn a light ON/OFF from two locations, such as from the top and bottom of a stairway. When the
switch A is closed then current flows through the terminal and only light A will ON, and light B will OFF. When the switch B is
closed then current flows through the terminal and only light B will ON and light A will OFF. Here we are controlling the two
circuits or paths via one way or source.

SPDT Circuit

Working of DPST Switch

DPST is abbreviation for double pole, single throw. Double pole means that the unit contains two identical switches , side by
side, and operated by one single toggle or lever. This means that two separate circuits are at a time controlled through one
push.

DPST
A DPST switch turns two circuits on or off. A DPST switch has four terminals: two inputs and two outputs. The most common
use for a DPST switch is to control a 240-volt appliance, where both supply lines must be switched, while the neutral wire may
be permanently connected. Here when this switch is toggled current starts flowing through two circuits and inter rupted when it is
turned OFF.

Working of DPDT Switch

DPDT is a double pole double throw switch; this is equivalent to two SPDT switches. It routes two separate circuits, connecti ng
each of two inputs to one of two outputs. The position of the switch deter mines the number of ways in which each of the two
contacts can be routed.

DPDT
Whether it is in ON-ON or ON-OFF-ON mode they functions like two separate SPDT switches operated by the same actuator.
Only two loads can be ON at a time. A DPDT can be used on any application that requires an open and closed wiring system,
an example of which is railroad modeling, which makes use of small scaled trains and railways, bridges and cars. The closed
allows for the system to be ON at all times while open allows for another piece to be turned ON or activated through the relay.

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From the circuit below, connections A, B and C form one pole of the switch and connections D, E and F form the other.
Connections B and E are common in each of the poles.

If the positive power supply (Vs) enters at connection B and the switch is set to the top most position, connection A becomes
positive and the motor will rotate in one direction. If the switch is set to the lower most position, the power supply is rev ersed and
connection D becomes positive then the motor will rotate in the opposite direction. In the centre position, the power supply is not
connected to the motor and it does not rotate. This type of switches are mainly used in various motor controllers where speed of
that motor is to be reversed.

DPDT-Circuit