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Instruction

The document contains instructions for week 4, focusing on synchronous generators, power-frequency control, and conventional generation of electrical energy. It includes problems related to armature reaction, reactive power, automatic voltage regulation, load calculations, spinning reserve, frequency control, and the environmental impact of electricity production. Additionally, it covers block diagrams and functions of thermal and gas turbine power plants.

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8 views2 pages

Instruction

The document contains instructions for week 4, focusing on synchronous generators, power-frequency control, and conventional generation of electrical energy. It includes problems related to armature reaction, reactive power, automatic voltage regulation, load calculations, spinning reserve, frequency control, and the environmental impact of electricity production. Additionally, it covers block diagrams and functions of thermal and gas turbine power plants.

Uploaded by

dh4d5yyq9x
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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5EWD0 – instructions week 4

The synchronous generator


Problem 1
a) What do we mean by the armature reaction of a synchronous generator? How is the armature
reaction taken into account in the single phase equivalent circuit of the generator?
b) Show that a synchronous generator can either deliver, or absorb reactive power to/from a load.
c) Explain the operation of the automatic voltage regulator (AVR) of a synchronous generator, and
that it can be used to control the reactive power of a grid connected generator and the voltage
magnitude of a load connected generator.

Problem 2
A wye connected three phase synchronous generator has a synchronous reactance of 9 ohm and a stator
winding resistance that can be ignored. The generator delivers a power S = 50 MVA to an inductive load
at a power factor cosφ = 0.8 and at a terminal voltage of 30 kV (line voltage).
a) Calculate the load current Ia of the generator, the magnitude of the excitation voltage E and the
power (or torque) angle δ of this voltage with reference to the terminal voltage.
Also draw the corresponding phasor diagram (standard including all voltages, current and angles
for the single phase equivalent situation).
b) Now the active power of the generator is reduced to 25 MW. Again calculate the load current Ia,
when the magnitude of both the excitation- and the terminal voltage remain at the value as calculated
in a).
c) What is the maximum active power that can be delivered by this generator, when the excitation- and
the terminal voltage have the value as calculated in a)?

Problem 3
The same generator of problem 2 is now delivering 40 MW at a terminal voltage of 30 kV (line voltage).
Calculate the power angle, load current, and power factor when the rotor field current is adjusted for the
following excitations:
a) The excitation voltage magnitude has decreased to 79.2 % of the value found in 2a).
b) The excitation voltage magnitude has decreased to 59.27 % of the value found in 2a).
c) Find the minimum excitation below which the generator will lose synchronism.

Problem 4
A synchronous generator (connected in Y) has a terminal line voltage of 22kV. At this voltage it
supplies to the grid both 153MW and 94.82MVAr.
The generator synchronous reactance is 0,9Ω and the armature resistance is 0,3Ω.
a) Can “the grid” in this case be seen as resistive and inductive or resistive and capacitive? Why?
b) Calculate the complex armature current Ia of the generator.
c) Calculate the excitation voltage E. Write your answer in the polar notation.
d) Draw the corresponding phasor diagram of the generator (with all voltages, current and angles).
e) Now the magnitude of the excitation voltage E has decreased to 90% (of value in c). The terminal
voltage, the electrical frequency and the mechanical torque on the prime mover remain the same.
Find the new power angle δ and de active and reactive power supplied to the grid.
f) Use the same value for E from question e). Determine the maximum active power that this
generator can deliver at the given terminal line voltage. At which power angle δ this will happen?
5EWD0 – instructions week 4

Power-frequency control
Problem 5
What is the “spinning reserve” in a power grid, and why do we need it?

Problem 6
A group of coupled generators has a spinning production capacity of 10.000 MW. The power-frequency
control of this system has a grid constant of λ= 2000 MW/Hz. A generator with a nominal power of
1000 MW and loaded for 80% is suddenly shut down.
a) What is the new grid constant after shut down of the generator?
b) What is the decrease of the frequency after operation of the power-frequency control?

Problem 7
A grid A with a spinning production capacity of 2000 MW is coupled with a grid B with a spinning
production capacity of 8000 MW. For both grids the maximum frequency change between zero and
maximum load is Δf = 5 Hz. Now a load of 100 MW is switched off in grid A, and the power-frequency
control adjusts the production in both grids.
a) Is this at a lower or at a higher frequency, and what is the frequency change?
b) What is the change in power transport from grid A to grid B?

Conventional generation of electrical energy


Problem 8
What are the sources for electrical power production? What are the environmental consequences of the
production and consumption of electricity?

Problem 9
Draw the block diagram of a conventional thermal power plant, and shortly describe the function of each
component in this block diagram. What are the two major loss factors of a thermal power plant? Which
gives the largest losses? How can the efficiency be increased?

Problem 10
Draw the block diagram of a gas turbine power plant, and shortly describe the function of each
component in this block diagram. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a gas turbine plant, and
what is the most important application?

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