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SAP Installation
1. Introduction
Overview of SAP and its Components

SAP (Systems, Applications, and Products) is one of the world’s leading providers of
enterprise resource planning (ERP) software and related enterprise applications. SAP
solutions help organizations streamline processes, manage business functions, and
improve overall e iciency.

SAP’s product portfolio includes various modules for areas such as finance, logistics,
human resources, and sales. The most common SAP products are based on the SAP
NetWeaver platform, which includes the SAP Application Server (AS), SAP HANA
database, and SAP Fiori (for a modern, user-friendly interface).

SAP installations typically involve the deployment of several core components, including:

 SAP NetWeaver (ABAP/Java application server)

 SAP HANA database (for performance-optimized data storage)

 SAP GUI (Graphical User Interface for accessing SAP systems)

 SAP Business Suite (modules like SAP S/4HANA, SAP ECC, etc.)

Purpose of the Document

This document serves as a comprehensive guide for installing SAP on a server or virtual
machine, along with configuring the necessary components and software. Whether you are
setting up a test environment or a production SAP system, this guide will take you through
all the critical steps required for successful SAP installation.

The following topics will be covered:

 Pre-installation requirements and preparations

 Installation of the SAP system (NetWeaver, database, etc.)

 Post-installation configurations

 Troubleshooting common issues

By the end of this guide, you should have a fully operational SAP system ready for use.

Prerequisites for Installation

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Before proceeding with the installation, ensure the following prerequisites are in place:

 Hardware Requirements: Su icient resources (CPU, RAM, storage) based on your

SAP system's needs.

 Software Requirements: Appropriate operating system (e.g., Linux or Windows

Server), database software (e.g., SAP HANA, Oracle), and SAP installation packages.

 Licensing: Ensure you have the necessary SAP licenses for the components you
intend to install.

2. System Requirements
Before installing SAP, it’s essential to ensure that both the hardware and software meet the
required specifications to guarantee optimal performance and stability. Below are the
recommended system requirements for installing SAP, including details on hardware,
software, and SAP components.

Hardware Requirements

The hardware specifications required for SAP installation depend on the specific SAP
product and the number of users or clients the system will serve. Below are general
guidelines:

 Processor (CPU):

o A multi-core processor (minimum 4 cores recommended).

o For optimal performance, a 64-bit processor (e.g., Intel Xeon or AMD EPYC) is
preferred.

o SAP HANA systems may require specialized processors for in-memory

database optimizations.

 Memory (RAM):

o For a standard SAP NetWeaver installation: Minimum 16 GB RAM.

o For SAP HANA or large production environments: At least 64 GB RAM or

higher (this depends on the database size and user load).

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o Consider scaling up memory for more extensive or larger SAP systems to

accommodate large datasets and complex processing.

 Disk Storage:

o SAP NetWeaver: Minimum 200 GB of disk space for the installation, which
may increase based on system size and log storage.

o SAP HANA: At least 500 GB of disk space for a minimal installation. SAP
HANA, being an in-memory database, requires significant disk space for
persistence and logs.

o Use SSD storage for optimal performance (especially for SAP HANA).

 Network:

o A reliable, high-speed network connection is critical for communication

between the SAP server and clients, especially for remote users.

o Gigabit Ethernet (or higher) is recommended for both the server and client
machines.

o Ensure proper DNS configuration for SAP systems to avoid connectivity

issues.

 Graphics Card:

o Not essential for SAP installations but may be required for certain visual tools
or applications (e.g., SAP Fiori).

Software Requirements

The software requirements for SAP depend on the operating system, database, and SAP
components that you plan to install. Below are the software specifications for both the
operating system and SAP components.

Operating System

SAP supports several operating systems. Below are the most commonly supported
platforms:

 Linux (e.g., SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES), Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL))

o SAP HANA and SAP NetWeaver are often deployed on Linux servers for
enterprise-grade performance and scalability.

 Windows Server
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o Versions such as Windows Server 2016, 2019, and 2022 are supported for
SAP NetWeaver installations.

 Unix (e.g., AIX, HP-UX)

o Typically used in legacy environments, though Linux is more commonly used

for new SAP implementations.

Database Requirements

SAP can integrate with several databases, but SAP HANA is the preferred and most widely
used database for modern SAP systems due to its in-memory capabilities. Below are the
key options:

 SAP HANA (recommended for most SAP implementations)

o Version: SAP HANA 2.0 or later.

o It is an in-memory, columnar database and is optimized for high-

performance processing of large volumes of data.

 Other Databases:

o Oracle: Supported versions of Oracle Database for SAP include 12c, 18c,
and 19c.

o Microsoft SQL Server: SQL Server 2016 and later versions.

o IBM DB2: For specific scenarios and legacy systems.

SAP Software Components

Depending on your SAP environment (SAP S/4HANA, SAP ECC, SAP BW, etc.), you will need
specific software components:

 SAP NetWeaver Application Server (ABAP/Java)

o Required for deploying SAP ERP and other SAP applications.

 SAP Business Suite (e.g., SAP S/4HANA)

o Used for specific business functions like Finance, HR, Supply Chain, etc.

 SAP Fiori (optional)

o Web-based user interface for modern SAP apps, compatible with various
browsers.

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 SAP Solution Manager

o For system monitoring, lifecycle management, and configuration of the SAP

landscape.

Additional Software

 Java Runtime Environment (JRE): Needed for certain SAP services.

 SAP Kernel: The core of the SAP system, containing the essential executable
programs for the SAP system's operations.

 Web Dispatcher: A component used for load balancing and routing HTTP(S)
requests to the appropriate application server.

Network Configuration

A reliable network setup is crucial for communication between the SAP system
components and end-users. Some key considerations:

 DNS: Proper DNS configuration is necessary to allow SAP instances to resolve

hostnames e iciently.

 Ports: Ensure that the required ports are open on the firewall (e.g., ports for HTTP,
HTTPS, database connections).

 SAP router: If working with external systems or in a multi-system landscape,

consider configuring the SAP router for secure communication.

3. Pre-installation Steps
Before you begin the SAP installation process, there are several important pre-installation
steps that need to be completed. These steps ensure that your environment is properly
prepared and that the installation proceeds smoothly.

1. Setting up the Hardware

Ensure that your server or virtual machine meets the hardware requirements outlined in
the earlier section. For virtual machines, distribute su icient resources (CPU, RAM, and
disk space) as per specifications, and ensure that the system can scale based on expected
workload.

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 Hardware Validation: Double-check the hardware’s compatibility with SAP

requirements. For virtualized environments, confirm that the hypervisor supports
the allocated resources.

 Server Naming Convention: Use a consistent and descriptive naming convention

for your servers to easily identify the di erent components of your SAP system (e.g.,
appserver01, dbserver01, etc.).

2. Configuring the Network and DNS

Before installing SAP, ensure that your network is properly configured to allow
communication between the SAP components and external systems.

 DNS Configuration: Configure DNS so that the SAP system can resolve all
hostnames correctly. A proper DNS setup is essential for resolving SAP system
components, such as the database server, application server, and SAP router.

 Static IP Address: Assign a static IP address to the SAP server to prevent IP address
changes after installation, ensuring consistency in communication.

 Host File Configuration: Ensure that the /etch/hosts (on Linux/Unix) or

C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts (on Windows) file has the correct entries
for each server in your SAP landscape.

 Firewall: Open the necessary ports in the firewall to allow for communication
between SAP components. Typical SAP ports include:

o HTTP (80), HTTPS (443)

o SAPGUI (3200)

o SAP Web Dispatcher (8080)

o Database ports (depending on the database, e.g., 1521 for Oracle)

3. Setting up the Operating System

Prepare the operating system by installing and configuring the necessary software and
packages.

 Operating System Installation: Install your chosen operating system

(Linux/Windows) and ensure that it is up to date with the latest patches and
updates.

o On Linux systems, install necessary packages such as glibc, gcc, and others
required by SAP.
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o On Windows systems, ensure that the system is configured with the correct
version of Windows Server (e.g., 2016, 2019) and the latest service packs.

 Swap Space (Linux): On Linux, configure adequate swap space as required by SAP.
Typically, it should be at least 2 GB, but the exact size depends on the server's
memory and expected workload.

 Time Synchronization: Configure time synchronization (using NTP or Chrony on

Linux) across all systems to ensure that system clocks are synchronized. SAP
requires accurate time for various processes and transactions.

4. Downloading the SAP Installation Packages

You need to download the necessary installation files from the SAP Software Download
Center.

 SAP Software Download Center:

o Go to the SAP Software Download Center and log in with your SAP S-user ID.

o Download the required SAP installation packages (e.g., SAP NetWeaver,

SAP HANA, SAP Business Suite, SAP Fiori etc.).

Required files typically include:

o SWPM (Software Provisioning Manager): The tool used to install SAP.

o SAP Kernel: The core system files needed for the SAP NetWeaver application
server.

o Database Client: If you are using an external database (e.g., Oracle, SQL
Server), download the respective database client.

 Storage Location: Store the downloaded installation files on a network share or

local directory with su icient space to avoid installation errors due to lack of space.

 Licensing Files: Ensure you have the necessary SAP licenses downloaded and
available for installation. The SAP license key is needed for activating the SAP
system after installation.

5. Licensing and SAP Software Download

Before beginning the installation, you need to ensure that the system is properly licensed
and that all required software components are available.

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 SAP License: Ensure you have a valid SAP license file (txt or .xml) that will be used
during the post-installation configuration to activate the system.

 SAP Solution Manager: If you're installing SAP Solution Manager, ensure you
download the proper version for your landscape.

6. Database Preparation

If you're using an external database (such as SAP HANA, Oracle, or SQL Server), you must
prepare the database server accordingly.

 Install the Database Software: If the database is not yet installed, download and
install the database software (e.g., SAP HANA Studio, Oracle Database, etc.).

 Database User and Schema Setup:

o Create the necessary database users (e.g., sapadm, saphana) with proper
privileges.

o Set up the required schemas (e.g., for SAP HANA, set up the SYSTEM schema
and other necessary database configurations).

For SAP HANA, ensure that the HANA database version is compatible with the SAP system
you intend to install.

7. Preparing the SAP System Landscape

It’s crucial to plan and configure your SAP landscape ahead of the installation. This
includes:

 Planning the System Landscape: Define the SAP landscape, including the number
of application servers, database servers, and the overall architecture. You may need
to plan for a single-node or multi-node setup.

 Instance Setup: Choose the proper SAP instance number (e.g., 00, 01) for your
system during installation. This instance number will be used to di erentiate
multiple SAP installations.

 Client Setup: The default client number for SAP systems is usually 000. You will
create additional clients later in the process.

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4. Installing the SAP NetWeaver AS (Application Server)

The SAP NetWeaver Application Server (AS) is the core part of an SAP system. It consists of
both ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) and Java components that
provide the necessary functionality for running SAP applications.

In this section, we will walk through the steps to install SAP NetWeaver and configure the
application server. The installation will be carried out using the SAP Software Provisioning
Manager (SWPM), a tool that simplifies the process of installing and configuring SAP
components.

Overview of SAP NetWeaver

SAP NetWeaver is a platform for building and running SAP applications. It provides the
infrastructure required for deploying business applications, including:

 ABAP Stack: Used for traditional SAP ERP applications, such as SAP ECC and SAP
S/4HANA.

 Java Stack: Required for applications that rely on Java, such as SAP Portal and SAP
PI/PO.

 Integration and Web-based services: Supports integration scenarios with non-SAP

systems and web-based applications.

Installation Steps for SAP NetWeaver AS

Step 1: Start the Software Provisioning Manager (SWPM)

1. Extract the Installation Files: Extract the downloaded SAP installation files to a
local directory on your server. The SWPM installation files should be in the "SWPM"
folder.

2. Launch SWPM: On the command line, navigate to the extracted SWPM directory,
and execute the following command to start the installation:

o On Linux/Unix: ./sapinst

o On Windows: sapinst.exe

This will start the SAP installation GUI.

Step 2: Select the Installation Option

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Once the SWPM is launched, select the installation type that best suits your environment.
Choose the option “Installation of SAP NetWeaver AS (ABAP+Java)”. This option installs
both the ABAP and Java components, which is typical for most SAP installations.

Step 3: Configuration of the System

1. Choose the Installation Directory:

o The SAP system will require directories for installation and storage.
Commonly used directories are:

 SAPHOME: The root directory where SAP will be installed (e.g.,

/usr/sap on Linux or C:\usr\sap on Windows).

 SAPSYSTEM: The directory where the system-specific files will be

stored (e.g., /usr/sap/<SID>).

You will need to define these directories during the installation process.

2. System ID (SID) Setup:

o You will be prompted to enter a System ID (SID) for your SAP system. The SID
is a unique identifier for your SAP system (e.g., SAP or ECC).

o Choose a SID that adheres to your organization's naming conventions.

3. Instance Number:

o The installation will prompt you to set an instance number (typically 00 for
the first instance).

o The instance number is used to identify the system instance in the

landscape.

4. Database Configuration:

o During installation, the SWPM will ask for the database type (e.g., SAP
HANA, Oracle, or SQL Server). The database client (which was downloaded
earlier) must be installed and configured before proceeding.

o You will also be prompted for the database host, port, and the database
administrator credentials.

5. Password Configuration:

o During installation, you will be asked to set passwords for various SAP users,
including:
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 SAP system administrator (adm) user.

 Database user (e.g., sapadm for HANA).

 Developer and user roles in the system (e.g., SAP* and DDIC).

6. Network Configuration:

o The installation will also require you to set up network configuration details,
such as the hostname, DNS, and ports that will be used for communication.

Step 4: Begin Installation

After the configuration steps, the installer will begin the actual installation process. This
includes:

1. Copying Files: The necessary SAP kernel and application files will be copied to the
defined directories.

2. Database Setup: The SAP system will be connected to the database, and tables will
be created.

3. Creating SAP Instances: The installation tool will create the required instances
(ABAP and Java), set up the application server, and configure communication
between the instances.

During this phase, the installer will run various checks and validations to ensure that all
components are correctly installed and configured. Depending on the resources available
on your system, the installation process may take several hours.

Step 5: Post-installation Configuration

Once the installation is complete, the SAP system will require some post-installation steps
to configure the environment fully.

 SAP Kernel Update: The SAP kernel may need to be updated after installation. Use
the Software Update Manager (SUM) to apply any patches or updates.

 Check System Logs: Review the installation logs to ensure there were no errors
during the installation process. Logs are typically stored in the
/usr/sap/<SID>/DVEBMGS<Instance Number>/work directory on Linux or the
corresponding path on Windows.

 Verify the SAP System: Check that all system components (application server,
database, etc.) are running correctly. You can verify this by using transaction codes
like SM51 (for application servers) and SMDA (for database connections).
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Additional Considerations for SAP NetWeaver AS Installation

 High Availability: If you are configuring a high-availability (HA) setup, additional

steps will be required to configure clustering and failover mechanisms for your SAP
application servers and databases.

 System Monitoring: After installation, consider setting up SAP Solution Manager

or SAP EarlyWatch Alert to monitor the health of your SAP system and detect
potential issues early.

 Backup: Once the system is up and running, it's highly recommended to perform a
full system backup before proceeding with further configurations or client setups.

5. Database Installation and Configuration

The database is a critical component of an SAP system, storing all of the application data
and system-related information. In this section, we'll walk you through the steps for
installing and configuring the database for your SAP system. While the installation steps
will vary based on the database you choose, we'll cover the most common databases used
in SAP installations: SAP HANA, Oracle, and Microsoft SQL Server.

Supported Databases

SAP supports a variety of databases for use with its applications, including:

 SAP HANA: SAP’s in-memory, columnar database designed for real-time processing
of large amounts of data. It is the preferred database for most modern SAP
environments.

 Oracle Database: A traditional relational database often used for SAP ECC or other
legacy SAP applications.

 Microsoft SQL Server: Supported for various SAP applications, though not as
common as SAP HANA or Oracle.

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1. Installing SAP HANA (Recommended Database)

SAP HANA is the most commonly used database for new SAP installations, especially
when implementing SAP S/4HANA or other SAP applications optimized for in-memory
processing. Below are the steps for installing SAP HANA.

Step 1: Install SAP HANA Database

1. Download the SAP HANA Installation Files:

o Log in to the SAP Software Download Center and download the SAP HANA
installation package for your platform (Linux or Windows).

o Ensure that you download the correct version that matches your SAP version.

2. Prepare the Server:

o Ensure your server meets the hardware requirements for SAP HANA (e.g.,
high RAM, SSD storage).

o Configure the network and DNS settings as described earlier.

3. Run the SAP HANA Installation:

o On Linux: Unzip the SAP HANA installation files and run the installer:

bash

Copy

tar -xvzf SAP_HANA_Installation.tar.gz

cd HANA

./hdblcm

o On Windows: Run the hdblcm.exe installation program.

4. Choose the Installation Type:

o You’ll be prompted to select the installation type. Choose "New System

Installation".

o Configure the instance number (default: 00).

o Set up the System Administrator password (<sid>adm), Database

Administrator password (<sid>adm), and HANA System Password.

5. Configure SAP HANA:

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o The SAP HANA installation wizard will prompt you for network configurations,
including setting up the hostname and port numbers.

o Ensure that the hostname matches the server's FQDN (Fully Qualified
Domain Name) for proper DNS resolution.

6. Start the SAP HANA System:

o Once installation is complete, start the SAP HANA system:

bash

Copy

HANA> HDB start

7. Verify the Installation:

o Use the HANA Studio or HDBSQL to check the health of the database and
confirm that the database instance is running correctly.

Step 2: Configure SAP HANA for SAP System

1. Create Database Users:

o Create necessary users for SAP to connect to the database. These include
users like SAPSR3, SAPHANA, etc., depending on your installation
requirements.

2. Connect SAP System to HANA:

o When running the SAP NetWeaver Application Server installation, you will
be prompted to connect to the SAP HANA database.

o Enter the hostname, port number, and credentials for the HANA database
to establish the connection.

3. Check Database and Instance Health:

o You can check the health of the SAP HANA system using tools like HANA
Studio or via command line:

bash

Copy

HDB info

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2. Installing Oracle Database (Alternative Database)

If you're using Oracle for your SAP system, follow the steps below for installation and
configuration.

Step 1: Install Oracle Database

1. Download the Oracle Database Installation Files:

o Download the Oracle Database installation files from the Oracle Technology
Network (OTN).

o Ensure you select the correct version that supports your SAP NetWeaver
version.

2. Install Oracle Database:

o Follow Oracle’s installation guide to install the Oracle Database software on

your server.

o Ensure that the Oracle listener is running and the Oracle database is
configured to communicate with your SAP system.

3. Set Oracle SID:

o Set the SID (System Identifier) for the Oracle database, which will be used
during the SAP installation (e.g., SAPDB).

4. Create Oracle Database Users:

o Create the necessary Oracle users (e.g., SAPSR3, SAPDB) with the
appropriate privileges for SAP to interact with the database.

5. Configure Oracle for SAP:

o During the SAP installation, configure the database connection using the
Oracle client.

o Ensure that the Oracle database is properly configured to handle SAP

transactions and data storage.

Step 2: Connect SAP to Oracle Database

1. SAP System Configuration:

o During SAP installation, you will be prompted to specify the Oracle database
instance, host, port, and database credentials.

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o The SAP system will connect to Oracle using the Oracle Net Listener for
database communication.

2. Verify Oracle Database Connection:

o Verify that the connection between the SAP system and the Oracle database
is successful by checking transaction codes like DB02 in SAP GUI.

3. Installing Microsoft SQL Server (Alternative Database)

Microsoft SQL Server is supported for specific SAP applications. Below are the general
steps for installing SQL Server and connecting it to your SAP system.

Step 1: Install Microsoft SQL Server

1. Download Microsoft SQL Server:

o Download the required SQL Server version from the Microsoft Download
Center.

2. Install SQL Server:

o Follow the SQL Server installation guide to set up your database

environment.

o Ensure that the SQL Server instance is configured correctly to allow SAP to
connect.

3. Create Database Users:

o Create the necessary SAP database users in SQL Server, such as SAPSR3
and SAPDB.

Step 2: Connect SAP to SQL Server

1. Configuration During SAP Installation:

o When installing SAP, provide the SQL Server instance, hostname, port, and
credentials for connecting to the SQL Server database.

2. Verify Connection:

o Test the database connection after installation by using SAP transaction

codes like DB02 to ensure everything is running smoothly.

Post-installation Database Configuration

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 Backup: Always take a full backup of your database once the system is up and
running to avoid data loss during future configurations.

 Performance Tuning: Tune your database for performance based on your expected
workload, including adjusting cache sizes, index optimization, and query
performance.

 Database Monitoring: Use SAP Solution Manager or third-party tools to monitor

the health and performance of your database.

6. SAP System Configuration

Once the SAP system and database are installed, the next critical step is to configure the
SAP environment to ensure smooth operation. SAP system configuration involves setting
up system parameters, configuring clients, user management, and enabling
communication between the SAP components.

In this section, we will focus on the essential steps needed to configure your SAP system
after installation.

1. Initial SAP System Configuration (Post-installation)

After the installation is complete, the SAP system needs some initial configurations to
ensure it’s ready for use.

Step 1: Start the SAP System

 To start the SAP system, you can use the following commands:

o On Linux:

bash

Copy

sudo startsaph

o On Windows:

 Start SAP services via the Services console or using sapcontrol -start.

 After starting the SAP system, use the SAP GUI or SAP Management Console (SAP
MC) to check if the system is running correctly.

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Step 2: Set System Parameters (RZ10/RZ11)

The system parameters control the behavior and performance of the SAP system. These
parameters can be configured using the transaction RZ10 (for profile parameters) and
RZ11 (for individual parameters).

 RZ10: Used to configure instance profiles (e.g., DEFAULT.PFL).

 RZ11: Used for dynamic parameters like memsize, rdisp/max_wp_num, etc.

For example, to adjust the maximum number of work processes, you can set:

bash

Copy

rdisp/max_wp_num = 30

To configure the instance profile, follow these steps:

1. Go to transaction RZ10.

2. Select Change and choose the profile you want to edit (typically DEFAULT.PFL).

3. Modify the relevant parameters and save the changes.

4. After saving, restart the SAP instance for the changes to take e ect.

Step 3: Configure SAP Licenses (SLICENSE)

The SAP system requires a valid license key to run. The license file should have been
obtained from SAP Support.

 To install the license:

1. Go to transaction SLICENSE.

2. Select Install and upload the SAP license file (typically an .xml or .txt file).

3. Once installed, verify that the license is correctly applied using the License
Management interface.

Ensure that the license is valid, as an expired or incorrect license will prevent the SAP
system from functioning.

2. Client Configuration

SAP systems are multi-client environments, which means you can create and configure
multiple clients within a single system. The default client in SAP is 000, but you may need

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to create additional clients for di erent business scenarios (e.g., production, development,
testing).

Step 1: Create a New Client (SCC4)

1. Go to transaction SCC4 (Client Administration).

2. Choose New Client to create a new client.

3. Enter the Client Number (e.g., 100 for development).

4. Set the client role (e.g., Production or Development).

5. Define client-specific settings, such as:

o Logical system: A unique name for the client.

o Language: Default language for the client (e.g., EN for English).

o Client type: Set as Master, Mandant, or Test based on the business

requirements.

Step 2: Perform Client Copy (SCCL)

Once a client is created, you may need to copy data from an existing client (usually 000) to
your newly created client.

1. Go to transaction SCCL.

2. Select Copy from Client.

3. Choose the source client (typically 000) and then specify the target client.

4. Select the data you wish to copy (e.g., master data, configuration data).

5. Execute the client copy. This can take a while depending on the amount of data
being copied.

3. User Management (SU01)

SAP uses user roles and profiles to manage access control. The configuration of users and
roles ensures that the correct individuals have the appropriate permissions to perform their
tasks.

Step 1: Create a New User (SU01)

1. Go to transaction SU01 (User Maintenance).

2. Enter the user ID and choose Create.

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3. In the User Maintenance screen, enter the following details:

o Name: The user's name.

o Address: Contact information.

o Logon Data: Set the user’s password and language preferences.

o Roles: Assign appropriate roles (e.g., SAP_ALL, SAP_USER for basic users).

4. Save the user.

Step 2: Assign Roles and Profiles

Roles control access within SAP, and each role has a set of authorizations. Roles are
created in transaction PFCG.

 Go to PFCG, create a role, and assign appropriate authorizations (e.g., access to

transaction codes, reports, etc.).

 After creating the role, you can assign it to a user in SU01 under the Roles tab.

Step 3: User Groups and Profiles

Users can also be organized into user groups, and authorization profiles can be created
to standardize user permissions. Use SU10 for mass user maintenance and assigning roles
to groups.

4. System Communication and Connectivity

The SAP system needs to communicate with external systems, such as other SAP systems,
non-SAP systems, or third-party services.

Step 1: Configure RFC Destinations (SM59)

1. Go to transaction SM59 (RFC Destinations).

2. Define remote function calls (RFCs) to connect to other systems.

3. Enter the details of the destination system, including:

o Host: Hostname or IP address of the target system.

o System Type: SAP or non-SAP.

o Logon Credentials: Specify the username and password for the destination
system.

After configuration, you can test the RFC connection to ensure proper communication.

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Step 2: Configure SAProuter (optional)

If your SAP system is in a complex landscape (e.g., involving external networks), you may
need to configure SAProuter for secure communication between SAP systems.

 SAProuter ensures secure, encrypted communication between SAP systems, and

you can configure it on a dedicated server.

 To configure SAProuter, download the SAProuter software from SAP, install it, and
configure it in saproutertab.

5. Transport Management System (TMS)

TMS is used to manage the transport of configuration and development changes across
SAP systems. It is essential for moving data and configurations between di erent SAP
clients or systems.

Step 1: Configure TMS (STMS)

1. Go to transaction STMS (Transport Management System).

2. Choose Configure to set up the TMS configuration.

3. Select the Transport Domain Controller (TDC), which will manage all transport
requests.

4. Ensure the Transport Directory is properly configured (for file storage of transport).

Step 2: Create Transport Routes

Set up transport routes to control the movement of transport requests between SAP
systems. You can define:

 Development Systems (DEV)

 Quality Systems (QAS)

 Production Systems (PRD)

Each transport request will flow through these systems based on the transport routes you
define.

Final Verification

After completing these configurations, verify that your SAP system is fully operational. Key
checks include:

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 System Logs: Use transaction SM21 (System Log) to review logs for errors or
warnings.

 Job Monitoring: Use SM37 to monitor background jobs and ensure no issues.

 System Performance: Ensure the system is performing optimally by checking

ST03N (Workload Analysis).

7. Post-installation Steps and Testing

Once the SAP system is installed and configured, it is crucial to perform various post-
installation tasks to ensure the system operates smoothly. This section covers essential
steps, including performing system checks, applying patches, conducting basic testing,
and ensuring system monitoring and backup procedures are in place.

1. Perform System Health Checks

After completing the installation and configuration, it is important to ensure that the SAP
system is running without any errors and is ready for productive use.

Step 1: Verify System Logs

Use the System Log (SM21) to check for any errors or warnings that might have occurred
during startup or during initial configurations.

 Transaction SM21 (System Log):

o Go to SM21 to check the system log for any errors that may need attention.

o Ensure there are no critical errors in the log (e.g., database connection
issues, missing system parameters).

o You can filter logs based on date and severity (e.g., Error, Warning,
Information).

Step 2: Check Work Processes (SM50/SM66)

SAP systems use work processes to handle various tasks, including dialog processing,
background jobs, and more. Ensuring that work processes are running smoothly is vital for
system performance.

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 Transaction SM50: This shows the status of all work processes for a specific
instance.

o Ensure that all dialog, update, and background work processes are up and
running.

o Check for any stuck or overloaded processes and address them as needed.

 Transaction SM66: This is the global version of SM50, displaying work processes for
all instances in the system.

o It can be used to monitor the status of work processes across the entire SAP
system.

Step 3: Verify Database Connectivity (DBACOCKPIT)

Ensure that the SAP system can connect properly to the database. Database connectivity
issues can prevent the system from functioning correctly.

 Transaction DBACOCKPIT: This transaction helps to monitor and manage the

database.

o Check for any database connectivity issues, performance metrics, and

disk space utilization.

o Ensure that the database instance is running without errors, and confirm
that database tables are accessible.

Step 4: Perform SAP Kernel Check (RZ10)

Check that the correct version of the SAP Kernel is installed and running. The SAP Kernel is
the essential set of executables that help SAP systems run e iciently.

 Transaction RZ10: Use this to check and modify the system profiles.

o Ensure that the profiles are configured correctly (e.g., DEFAULT.PFL,

instance profiles).

o Verify that there are no errors or outdated kernel versions in the profile
settings.

2. Apply Latest SAP Patches and Updates

It is critical to keep the SAP system up to date with the latest patches and support
packages to ensure system stability and security.

Step 1: Check SAP Support Packages (SPAM/SAINT)

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 Transaction SPAM: Use this to manage SAP support packages.

o Check if the system has any pending support packages that need to be
applied.

o Apply any critical support packages or patches to address known bugs and
security vulnerabilities.

 Transaction SAINT: Use this for the installation of add-on components.

o If you have any SAP add-ons (e.g., SAP BW, SAP CRM), you can apply them
via this transaction.

Step 2: Update SAP Kernel Using SUM (Software Update Manager)

The Software Update Manager (SUM) is a tool provided by SAP to update the system’s
kernel and apply patches to various components of the SAP environment.

 Run SUM to apply the latest SAP kernel updates:

o Download the latest SAP Kernel version from the SAP Service Marketplace.

o Use SUM to apply the updates and perform a system consistency check.

Step 3: Check for Security Patches

Security is a crucial aspect of any enterprise system. Ensure that the system is protected
by applying the latest security patches.

 Check the SAP Security Patch Day releases.

 Use transaction SNOTE to apply security notes to your SAP system.

o Review the critical SAP Security Notes and implement them as needed.

3. Perform Functional Testing

Once the system is installed and configured, you should perform basic functional testing to
ensure the system behaves as expected.

Step 1: Basic Navigation and Transactions

Perform a few basic tasks using the SAP GUI to verify that the system responds correctly:

1. Log in using a test user account and navigate through di erent modules (e.g., SAP
MM, SAP SD, SAP FI).

2. Test common transactions:

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o MM01: Create material.

o ME21N: Create purchase order.

o FB60: Post invoice.

o VA01: Create sales order.

o F-28: Post payment.

Ensure that the system allows you to create, change, and view data without errors.

Step 2: End-to-End Business Process Testing

If possible, perform end-to-end testing for a business process in the SAP system:

 For example, test an entire procure-to-pay or order-to-cash process.

 This should include transactions like creating a purchase order, posting an invoice,
receiving goods, and making a payment.

 Ensure that data flows correctly across the system, and all relevant updates are
made to the database.

Step 3: Background Job Testing

Test the background job execution to ensure that long-running or scheduled tasks are
processed correctly.

 Transaction SM37: Monitor background jobs to check if they are running

successfully.

 Execute a test background job, such as a report generation or data processing task.

 Verify that the job completes without errors and that the output is generated
correctly.

4. System Monitoring and Alert Configuration

Once the system is live, it's essential to monitor its performance and set up alerts to be
notified of any issues.

Step 1: Set Up EarlyWatch Alert (SAP Solution Manager)

 SAP Solution Manager is the preferred tool for monitoring SAP systems.

 Set up EarlyWatch Alerts to receive automated alerts about system performance,

issues, and errors.

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 You can use Transaction RZ20 to configure monitoring and alerting for system
components like database performance, work process status, and memory usage.

Step 2: Set Up Job Monitoring (SM37, SM36)

 Use transaction SM37 to monitor job executions and identify any failed or delayed
jobs.

 Set up job monitoring to ensure that critical tasks are executed on time.

Step 3: Set Up System Alerts (SAP CCMS)

 SAP CCMS (Computing Center Management System) allows you to monitor the
health of the system.

 You can configure alerts for various parameters (e.g., system downtime, failed
background jobs, database issues).

 Use transaction RZ21 to configure alerting rules and thresholds.

5. Backup and Recovery Strategy

Finally, ensure that a backup and recovery strategy is in place to protect your SAP data.

Step 1: Back Up SAP System and Database

 Database Backups: Perform full database backups regularly, including both the
SAP database and the application server.

 Use SAP tools such as BR*Tools for Oracle or HANA Backup for SAP HANA to
schedule automated backups.

 Verify that backups are working correctly by performing test restores.

Step 2: File System Backups

 Backup essential SAP files, including the application files, instance directories,
and profiles.

Step 3: Disaster Recovery Plan

 Develop and document a disaster recovery plan to ensure that in case of a system
failure, you can restore the SAP system and database to the latest backup point.

 Periodically test the disaster recovery process by simulating system failure and
performing a recovery from backups.

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8. Conclusion
This document has provided a comprehensive guide for SAP Installation and
Configuration. From preparing the hardware and software environment to completing the
post-installation steps, you now have the key steps and best practices needed to set up a
successful SAP system.

Key Steps Recap:

1. Preparation: Hardware, operating system, and database installation, ensuring all

prerequisites are met.

2. SAP Installation: Step-by-step guidance on installing the SAP system and

connecting it to the database.

3. System Configuration: Setting system parameters, client configuration, user

management, and ensuring communication between system components.

4. Post-installation Checks: Verifying system health, applying patches, performing

functional and integration testing, and setting up monitoring and backup strategies.

5. Continuous Monitoring: Implementing a monitoring system (SAP Solution

Manager) to track the system’s health, performance, and take action if issues arise.

Final Thoughts:

 Testing: It's crucial to ensure that the SAP system is thoroughly tested and
configured before moving into production. This will help mitigate issues that could
impact business processes.

 Patching and Upgrades: Regularly applying SAP patches and updates is necessary
for the security and optimal performance of the SAP system.

 Backup and Recovery: A reliable backup and recovery plan is essential for
business continuity. Always ensure that your SAP system can be restored quickly in
the event of failure.

 Documentation and Training: After the installation and configuration, be sure to

document the system's setup and train key personnel on how to maintain and
support the SAP system in the long term.

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By following these steps and maintaining best practices, your SAP environment will be well-
positioned for reliable and e icient operation, supporting your business objectives.

Appendices (Optional)

1. Common Errors and Troubleshooting: A list of common errors during installation

and solutions.

2. Helpful Links: Links to SAP documentation, patches, and community resources.

3. System Requirements: Detailed hardware and software requirements for SAP

installation.

End of Document

This concludes with the SAP installation guide. With these steps, you are now prepared to
implement, configure, and maintain an SAP system that meets your business needs.

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