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The OSI

The OSI model is a seven-layer framework that standardizes the functions of telecommunication and computing systems to facilitate communication between devices. Each layer, from the Physical to the Application layer, has specific roles such as data transmission, error correction, routing, and application services. This model aids network engineers in designing and maintaining complex networking systems by providing a structured approach to network communication.

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12 views2 pages

The OSI

The OSI model is a seven-layer framework that standardizes the functions of telecommunication and computing systems to facilitate communication between devices. Each layer, from the Physical to the Application layer, has specific roles such as data transmission, error correction, routing, and application services. This model aids network engineers in designing and maintaining complex networking systems by providing a structured approach to network communication.

Uploaded by

asmigarg2004
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework

that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing


system into seven distinct layers. Each layer serves a specific purpose and
facilitates communication between different devices across a network.
Here's an overview of the seven layers of the OSI model:

1. Physical Layer (Layer 1):


 Data gets converted to bits that is binary form
 The physical layer deals with the physical transmission of data
between devices.
 It defines the characteristics of the physical media (e.g.,
cables, wireless signals) and the electrical/optical signaling
used to transmit data.
 Examples include Ethernet cables, Wi-Fi signals, and fiber
optic cables.
2. Data Link Layer (Layer 2):
 The data link layer provides error detection and correction
within the physical layer.
 Frames the data
 It is responsible for establishing, maintaining, and terminating
connections between devices.
 This layer also handles framing, flow control,physical
addressing, and access control.
 Examples include Ethernet switches and network interface
cards (NICs).
3. Network Layer (Layer 3):
 The network layer is responsible for routing packets between
different networks.
 Converts data in packets .
 Stores IP address of sender and receiver
 It determines the optimal path for data to travel from the
source to the destination across interconnected networks.
 IP (Internet Protocol) is a key protocol at this layer.
 Routers operate at this layer.
4. Transport Layer (Layer 4):

 The transport layer ensures reliable data transmission


between end systems.
 Converts the data into segments first.

 It provides error recovery, flow control, and data


segmentation/reassembly.
 TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram
Protocol) are common protocols at this layer.
 This layer ensures that data is delivered reliably and in the
correct order.
5. Session Layer (Layer 5):
 The session layer establishes, manages, and terminates
connections between applications.
 It handles session setup, coordination, and teardown.
 This layer ensures that communication sessions between
applications are synchronized and secure.
6. Presentation Layer (Layer 6):
 The presentation layer is responsible for data translation,
encryption, and data compression for faster data transfer.
 It formats the data in a way that the application layer can
understand.
 This layer handles data encryption, decryption, and data
compression.
7. Application Layer (Layer 7):
 The application layer provides network services directly to
end-users or applications.
 It supports communication services for various applications,
such as email, web browsing, file transfer, and remote access.
 Protocols like HTTP, FTP, SMTP, and DNS operate at this layer.

The OSI model serves as a reference framework for understanding and


implementing network protocols and communication standards. It helps
network engineers and developers design, troubleshoot, and maintain
complex networking systems by providing a structured approach to
network communication.

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