VISHWA BHARATI PUBLIC SCHOOL, NOIDA

WAVE OPTICS

ASSIGNMENT NO:- CL12GPCH10 SUBJECT: PHYSICS (042)

TEACHER NAME:- SUBODH KUMAR SINGH MOBILE:- +91-7982323566

Note :-.Before proceeding, keep this in mind, that you should have a complete
conceptual knowledge of your chapter.

Section A Multiple Choice Questions.

1. In double-slit experiment using light of wavelength 600 nm, the angular width of a fringe formed on a
distant screen is 0.1°. What is the spacing between the two slits?
(a) 3.4 x 10-4 m (b) 5.6 x 10-4 m
(c) 6.6 x 10-4 m (d) 4.5 x 10-4 m
2. Match the Column I with Column II.

3. In Young’s double slit experiment, an electron beam is used to obtain the interference pattern. If speed of
electron is increased, then
(a) distance between two consecutive fringes will increase
(b) distance between two consecutive fringes will decrease
(c) no interference pattern will be observed
(d) distance between two consecutive fringes will remain same
4. Two waves of equal amplitude and frequency interfere each other. The ratio of intensity when the two
waves arrive in phase to that when they arrive 90° out of phase is

5. Light waves from two coherent sources having intensities I and 2I cross each other at a point with a phase
difference of 600. The intensity at the point will be
 Section B Very Short Answer Type Questions.
6. Using Huygens' principle, when an oblique wave front is incident on the reflecting surface making an angle
of incidence i with the surface, show that it gets reflected making the same angle.
7. When monochromatic light travels from a rarer to a denser medium, explain the following giving reasons.
(i) Is the frequency of reflected and refracted light same as the frequency of incident light?
(ii) Does the decrease in speed imply a reduction in the energy carried by light wave.
8. In YDSE, the fringe width is 0.15 mm when the source of light is of 4000 Å wavelength. Calculate the fringe
width when the source is replaced by 6000 Å wavelength.
9. How will the angular separation and visibility of fringes in Young's double slit experiment change when
(i) screen is moved away from the plane of the slits and
(ii) width of the source slit is increased?
Or
Which two main changes in diffraction pattern of single slit will you observe when the monochromatic
source of light is replaced by a source of white light?
10. Show that the central maximum is twice as wide as the other maxima and the pattern becomes narrower as
the width of the slit is increased.
11. The intensity at the central maxima (O) in a Young's double slit experiment is I0. If the distance OP equals
one-third of fringe width of the pattern, then show that the intensity at point P would be I0 / 4.

12. In a single slit experiment, how is the angular width of central bright maximum changes, when
(i) the slit width is decreased?
(ii) light of smaller wavelength λ is used?
Or
A converging and a diverging lens of equal focal lengths are placed coaxially in contact Find the power and
focal length of the combination.
13. (i) How will the fringe pattern change, if the screen is moved away from the slits?
(ii) How does the fringe width in Young’s double slit experiment change, when the distance of separation
between the slits and screen are doubled?
Or
In Young’s double slit experiment, the two slits 0.15 mm apart are illuminated by monochromatic light of
wavelength 450 nm. The screen is 1.0 m away from the slits. Find the distance of the second
(i) bright fringe.
(ii) dark fringe from the central maxima.
14. How will the interference pattern in Young's double slit experiment get affected, when
(i) distance between the slits S1 and S2 is reduced.
(ii) the entire setup is immersed in water. Justify your answer in each case.
Section C Short Answer Type Questions.
15. (i) For a coherent source, initial phase difference between two sources must have same finite value. Justify.
(ii) Write the expression for intensity of interference and show

16. Define wave front. Using Huygerns’ principle, verify the laws of reflection at a plane surface.
Section D Case Based Questions.
17. Two sources are said to be coherent, if they produce same frequency with a constant phase difference. Two
independent sources of light cannot be coherent. Since, sound is a bulk property of matter, therefore two
independent sources of sound can be identical in all respects and produce obtaining coherent wave.
Division of wave front and division of amplitude are two ways of obtaining coherent sources.
Two coherent waves can be represented as follows

(i) The similarity between the sound waves and light waves is
(a) both are electromagnetic waves
(b) both are longitudinal waves
(c) both have the same speed in a medium
(d) they can produce interference
(ii) Light travels through a glass plate of thickness t and refractive index n. If c is the velocity of light in
vacuum, then time taken by light to travel the thickness of the plate will be

(iii) Intensities of the waves of light are I and 4I, the maximum intensity of the resultant wave after

superposition is
Or
(iii) Two coherent sources of intensity ratio x2 interfere. Then, in interference pattern,

(iv) The ratio of intensities of two waves are given by 4 :1. The ratio of the amplitude of the two waves is
(a) 2:1 (b) 1:2 (c) 4:1 (d) 1:4
18. Young's double-slit experiment uses two coherent sources of light placed at a small distance apart, usually,
only a few orders of magnitude greater than the wavelength of light is used. Young's double-slit
experiment helped in understanding the wave theory of light which is explained with the help of a diagram.
A screen or photo detector is placed at a large distance D away from the slits as shown. The original Young's
double-slit experiment used diffracted light from a Single source passed into two more slits to be used as
coherent sources. Lasers are commonly used as coherent source in the modern-day experiments.
 (i) In Young's double slit experiment, if instead of monochromatic light if white light is used, then what
would be the observation?
(a) The pattern will not be visible.
(b) The shape of the pattern will from change hyperbolic to circular.
(c) Coloured fringes will be observed with a white bright fringe at the centre.
(d) The bright and dark fringes will change position.
(ii) Two coherent point sources S1 and S2 are separated by a small distance d as shown. The fringes obtained
on the screen will be

(a) points
(b) straight lines
(c) semi-circles
(d) concentric circles
(iii) If the distance between the two slits is doubled, the fringe width become
(a) doubles
(b) half
(c) four-times
(d) remains same
Or
(iii) In Young's double slit experiment, the slit separation is doubled. To maintain the same spacing on the
screen, the screen to slit distance D must be changed to
(a) HD
(b) D/4
(c) 2D
(d) D/2
(iv) When we close one slit in the Young's double slit experiment, then
(a) the bandwidth is increased
(b) the bandwidth is decreased
(c) the interference pattern is shifted
(d) the diffraction pattern is observed.
19. Distance between two successive bright or dark fringes is called fringe width.

Fringe width is independent of the order of the maxima. If whole apparatus is immersed in liquid of
refractive index µ then β = λD/µd (fringe width decreases)
Angular fringe width (Ɵ) is the angular separation between two consecutive maxima or minima
 In the arrangement shown in figure, slit S3 and S4 are having a variable separation Z. Point O on the screen is
at the common perpendicular bisector of S1 S2 and S3 S4.

(i) The maximum number of possible interference maxima for slit separation equal to twice the wavelength
in Young's double slit experiment, is
(a) infinite (b) five
(c) three (d) zero
(ii) In Young’s double slit experiment, if yellow light is replaced by blue light, the interference fringes
become
(a) Wider (b) brighter
(b) Narrower (d) darker
(iii) In Young's double slit experiment, if the separation between the slits is halved and the distance between
the slits and the screen is doubled, then the fringe width compared to the unchanged one will be
(a) unchanged (b) halved
(c) doubled (d) quadrupled
Or
(iii) When the complete Young's double slit experiment is immersed in water, the fringes
(a) remain unaltered (b) become wider
(c) become narrower (d) disappear
(iv) In a two slit experiment with white light, a white fringe is observed on a screen kept behind the slits.
When the screen is moved away by 0.05 m, this white fringe
(a) does not move at all
(b) gets displaced from its earlier position
(c) becomes coloured
(d) disappears
20. When light from a monochromatic source is incident on a single narrow slit, it gets diffracted and a pattern
of alternate bright and dark fringes is obtained on screen, called "Diffraction Pattern" of single slit. In
diffraction pattern of single slit, it is found that
I. Central bright fringe is of maximum intensity and the intensity of any secondary bright fringe decreases
with increase in its order.
II. Central bright fringe is twice as wide as any other secondary bright or dark fringe.

(i) A single slit of width 0.1 mm is illuminated by a parallel beam of light of wavelength 6000 Å and
diffraction bands are observed on a screen 0.5 m from the slit. The distance of the third dark band from the
central bright band is
(a) 3 mm (b) 1.5 mm
 (c) 9 mm (d) 4.5 mm
(ii) A diffraction pattern is obtained by using a beam of red light. What will happen, if the red light is
replaced by the blue light?
(a) Bands disappear
(b) Bands become broader and farther apart
(o) No change will take place
(d) Diffraction bands become narrower and crowded together
(iii) In Fraunhofer diffraction pattern, slit width 0.2 mm and screen is at 2 m away from the lens. If
wavelength of light used is 5000 Å, then the distance between the first minimum on either side the central
maximum is
(a) 10 m-1 (b) 10-2 m
(c) 2 x 10² m (d) 2 x 10-1 m
Or
(iii) Light of wavelength 600 nm is incident normally on a slit of width 0.2 mm. The angular width of central
maxima in the diffraction pattern is (measured minimum to minimum).
(d) 4 x 10-3 rad (b) 6 x 10-3 rad
(c) 4.5 x 10-3 rad (d) 2.4 x 10 rad
(iv) To observe diffraction, the size of the obstacle
(a) should be λ/2 where λ is the wavelength
(b) should be of the order of wavelength
(c) has no relation to wavelength
(d) should be much larger than the wavelength
Section E Long Answer Type Questions.
21. (i) Define a wave front using Huygens' principle. Verify the law of reflection at a plane surface.
(ii) Two slits are made 1 mm apart and the screen is placed 1 m away. What is the fringe separation, when
blue -green light of wavelength 500 nm is used?
22. (a) Consider a two slit interference arrangement (figure) such that the distance of the screen from the slits is
half the distance between the slits.
Obtain the value of D in terms of λ such that the first minima on the screen falls at a distance D from the
centre O.

(b) Why are coherent sources required to create interference of light?

23. (i) In Young's double slit experiment, using monochromatic light L1 of wavelength 700 nm, 10th bright fringe
was obtained at a certain point P on a screen.
Which bright fringe will be obtained at the same point P, if monochromatic light of wavelength 500 nm is
used in place of L1? (No other alterations were made in the experimental setup).
(ii) Monochromatic light of wavelength 650 nm falls normally on a slit of width 1.3 × 10-4 cm and the
resulting
Fraunhofer diffraction is obtained on a screen. Find the angular width of the central maxima.
24. (i) What is Huygens principle for the construction of wave fronts? Explain.
(ii) Using Huygens' principle, derive the laws of reflection of light.
(iii) What changes in diffraction pattern of a single slit will you observe, when the monochromatic source of
light is replaced by a source of white light?
Or
 (i) When the width of the slit is made double, how would this effect the size and internsity of the central
diffraction band? Justify your answer with the help of diagram.
(ii)) Write three characteristic features to differentiate between diffraction and interference.
25. In Young's double slit experiment, the two slits 0.15 mm apart are illuminated by monochromatic light of
wavelength 450 nm. The screen is 1 m away from the slits.
(a) Find the distance of the second
I. bright fringe and
II. dark fringe from the central maxima.
(b) How will the fringe pattern change, if the screen is moved away from the slits?
(ii) Name the factors on which fringe width depends.
26. (i) Draw the intensity pattern for a single slit
interference for the fringes produced in interference.
(ii) State the difference between interference and diffraction.
27. Define the term wave front. Using Huygens' wave theory, verify the laws of reflection.
28. Use Huygens' principle to show how a plane wave front propagates from a denser to rarer medium. Hence,
verify Snell's law of refraction.