# Lists allow you to store sets of information in one place, whether

you have just a few items or millions of items

# A list is a collection of items in a particular order.
#You can make a list that includes the letters of the alphabet, the
digits from 0 to 9,
#or the names of all the people in your family.
#You can put anything you want into a list, and the items in your list
#don’t have to be related in any particular way.
# A list usually contains more than one element, it’s a good idea to
# make the name of your list plural, such as letters, digits, or
names.
#In Python, square brackets ([]) indicate a list, and individual
elements in the list are separated by commas

bicycles = ['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized', 'BMX' ]

print(bicycles)

['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized', 'BMX']

#If you ask Python to print a list, Python returns its

#representation of the list, including the square brackets:
#Because this isn’t the output you want your users to see, let’s learn
how to access the individual items in a list.

########Accessing Elements in the List########

bicycles = ['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized', 'BMX']

print(bicycles[0])

print(bicycles[1])

print(bicycles[2])

print(bicycles[3])
print(bicycles[4])

print(bicycles[4])

##can index returns the items from the last, for that you need to use
"-2", "-3"
#index -2 returns the second item from the end of the list, the
#index -3 returns the third item from the end, and so forth.

print(bicycles[-1])
print(bicycles[-2])
print(bicycles[-3])
print(bicycles[-4])
print(bicycles[-5])
BMX
specialized
redline
cannondale
trek

##Using Individual Values from a List##

#You can use individual values from a list just as you would any other
variable.
# For example, you can use f-strings to create a message based on a
value from a list.
#Let’s try pulling the first bicycle from the list and composing a
message using that value

bicycles = ['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline','specialized', 'BMX']

message = f"My first bicycle was a {bicycles[4].title()}."

print(message)

My first bicycle was a Bmx.

####Exercise####
###Store the names of a few of your friends in a list called
###names. Print each person’s name by accessing each element in the
list,
###one at a time.

friends =['imran', 'Awaad', 'Tanveer', 'Amaan']

message=f"The most helpful among all is {friends[2].title()}"
print(message)

The most helpful among all is Tanveer

###Exercise 2####
teambravo=['haseeb', 'jamal', 'haider', 'mustafa']
message=f"Greetings {teambravo [-2].title()}"
print(message)

Greetings Haider

##But this is only returning me one team member name, I want to send
the greeting message to all.

teambravo=['haseeb', 'jamal', 'haider', 'mustafa']

for member in teambravo:
print(f"Greetings, {member.capitalize()}! Welcome to the team.")

Greetings, Haseeb! Welcome to the team.

Greetings, Jamal! Welcome to the team.
Greetings, Haider! Welcome to the team.
Greetings, Mustafa! Welcome to the team.
###lets give this another message to all team members
teambravo = ['haseeb', 'jamal', 'haider', 'mustafa']
for member in teambravo:
message = f"Hi {member.capitalize()}, I hope you're having a great
day! Keep up the good work."
print(message)
####capitalize() function to call the names of all members

Hi Haseeb, I hope you're having a great day! Keep up the good work.
Hi Jamal, I hope you're having a great day! Keep up the good work.
Hi Haider, I hope you're having a great day! Keep up the good work.
Hi Mustafa, I hope you're having a great day! Keep up the good work.

###Exercise 3##
#Think of your favorite mode of transportation, such as a car, and
make a list that stores several examples.
# Use your list to print a series of statements about these items,
such as “I would like to own a .”
cars = ['Tesla', 'BMW', 'Audi', 'Mercedes']
for car in cars:
print(f"I would like to own a {car}.")
###I need a specific car out of all list###you can access Index
cars = ['Tesla', 'BMW', 'Audi', 'Mercedes']
# Suppose you want the second car in the list (BMW)
specific_car = cars[1]
print(f"I would like to own a {specific_car}.")
#Searching for a specific car
#If you don't know the index but you know the car's name, you can
search for it in the list.
cars = ['Tesla', 'BMW', 'Audi', 'Mercedes']
# Suppose you want to find 'Audi' in the list
specific_car = 'Audi'
if specific_car in cars:
print(f"I would like to own a {specific_car}.")
else:
print(f"{specific_car} is not in the list.")

I would like to own a Tesla.

I would like to own a BMW.
I would like to own a Audi.
I would like to own a Mercedes.
I would like to own a BMW.
I would like to own a Audi.

#Modifying, Adding, and Removing Elements

motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
print(motorcycles)
motorcycles[0] = 'ducati'
print(motorcycles)
##Add new Elements in the list
#The simplest way to add a new element to a list is to append the item
to the list. When you append an item to a list, the new
#element is added to the end of the list.
motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
print(motorcycles)
motorcycles.append('ducati')
print(motorcycles)

['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']

['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati']

#The append() method adds 'ducati' to the end of the list

#The append() method makes it easy to build lists dynamically. For
example, you can start with an empty list and
#then add items to the list using a series of append() calls. Using an
empty list, let’s add the elements 'honda', 'yamaha',
#and 'suzuki' to the list.
motorcycles = []
motorcycles.append('honda')
motorcycles.append('yamaha')
motorcycles.append('suzuki')
print(motorcycles)
###Inserting Elements into list through insert()
motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
motorcycles.insert(0, 'ducati')
print(motorcycles)
####can this operation shifts every other value in the list one
position to the right.
motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
motorcycles.insert(3, 'ducati')
print(motorcycles)

#####Removing Elements from a List#####

#you’ll want to remove an item or a set of items from a list.
# For example, when a player shoots down an alien from the sky, you’ll
most likely want
# to remove it from the list of active aliens.
# Or when a user decides to cancel their account on a web application
you created,
# you’ll want to remove that user from the list of active users.
# You can remove an item according to its position in the list or
according to its value.

####Removing an Item Using the del Statement####

####If you know the position of the item you want to remove from a
list, you can use the del statement

motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']

print(motorcycles)
del motorcycles[0]
print(motorcycles)

['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']

['yamaha', 'suzuki']

## We have just witnessed how 'honda' is removed from the list

## We use the del statement to remove the first item
motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
print(motorcycles)
del motorcycles [1]
print (motorcycles)
###Note: In both examples, you can no longer access the value that was
removed from the list after the del statement is used.
##

['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']

['honda', 'suzuki']

##Removing an Item Using the pop() Method

##Sometimes you’ll want to use the value of an item after you remove
it from a list.
#For example, you might want to get the x and y position of an alien
that was just shot down,
# so you can draw an explosion at that position.
#In a web application, you might want to remove a user from a list of
active members and
#then add that user to a list of inactive members.
###The pop() method removes the last item in a list, but it lets you
work with that item after removing it.
#Let’s pop a motorcycle from the list of motorcycles:

motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']

print(motorcycles)
popped_motorcycle = motorcycles.pop()
print(motorcycles)
print(popped_motorcycle)

['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']

['honda', 'yamaha']
suzuki

##How might this pop() method be useful? Imagine that the motorcycles
in the list are stored in chronological order,
#according to when we owned them. If this is the case, we can
#use the pop() method to print a statement about the last motorcycle
we bought:
motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
last_owned = motorcycles.pop()
print(f"The last motorcycle I owned was a {last_owned.title()}.")
#output: The output is a simple sentence about the most recent
motorcycle we owned:

###Popping Items from Any Position in a List###

#You can use pop() to remove an item from any position in a list by
including the index of the item
motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
first_owned = motorcycles.pop(0)
print(f"The first motorcycle I owned was a {first_owned.title()}.")

###Removing an item by a value###

##Sometimes you won’t know the position of the value you want to
remove from a list. If you only know the value of the item
##you want to remove, you can use the remove() method.
##For example, say we want to remove the value 'ducati' from the list
of motorcycles:

motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki','ducati']

print(motorcycles)
motorcycles.remove('ducati')
print(motorcycles)

['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati']

['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']

##Here the remove() method tells Python to figure out where 'ducati'
appears in the list and remove that element
#You can also use the remove() method to work with a value that’s
being removed from a list. Let’s remove the value
#'ducati' and print a reason for removing it from the list:

motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki','ducati']

print(motorcycles)
too_expensive = 'ducati'
motorcycles.remove(too_expensive)
print(motorcycles)
print(f"\n\tA {too_expensive.title()} is too expensive for me.")

['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati']

['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']

A Ducati is too expensive for me.

#NOTE:
#The remove() method deletes only the first occurrence
#of the value you specify. If there’s a possibility the value
#appears more than once in the list, you’ll need to use a
#loop to make sure all occurrences of the value are
#removed.
# Example : Guest List
# Guest List: If you could invite anyone, living or deceased, to
dinner, who would you invite?
# Make a list that includes at least three people you’d like to
invite to dinner.
# Then use your list to print a message to each person, inviting them
to dinner.
# List of people you'd like to invite to dinner

guest_list = ["Albert Einstein", "Marie Curie", "Ada Lovelace"]

# Loop through the list and print an invitation message for each
person
for guest in guest_list:
print(f"Dear {guest},")
print("I would be honored to have you join me for dinner.")
print("Looking forward to an evening of great conversation!\n")

#Now, You just heard that one of your guests can’t make the dinner, so
you need to send out a new set of invitations.
# You’ll have to think of someone else to invite.
#Start with your program from prevous exercise. Add a print() call at
the end
# of your program, stating the name of the guest who can’t make it.
# Modify your list, replacing the name of the guest who can’t make it
with the name of the new person you are inviting.
#Print a second set of invitation messages, one for each person who is
still in your list.
# Original list of people you'd like to invite to dinner

guest_list = ["Albert Einstein", "Marie Curie", "Ada Lovelace"]

# One guest can't make it

unable_to_attend = guest_list[1]
print(f"Unfortunately, {unable_to_attend} can't make it to the
dinner.\n")

Unfortunately, Marie Curie can't make it to the dinner.

# Replace the guest who can't make it with a new guest

guest_list[1] = "Isaac Newton"

# Print the second set of invitation messages

for guest in guest_list:
print(f"Dear {guest},")
print("I would be honored to have you join me for dinner.")
print("Looking forward to an evening of great conversation!\n")

Dear Albert Einstein,

I would be honored to have you join me for dinner.
Looking forward to an evening of great conversation!
Dear Isaac Newton,
I would be honored to have you join me for dinner.
Looking forward to an evening of great conversation!

Dear Ada Lovelace,

I would be honored to have you join me for dinner.
Looking forward to an evening of great conversation!

#Exercise 3
#More Guests: You just found a bigger dinner table, so now more
#space is available. Think of three more guests to invite to dinner.
#Start with your program from previous exercises. Add a print() call
to
#the end of your program, informing people that you found a bigger
table.
#Use insert() to add one new guest to the beginning of your list.
#Use insert() to add one new guest to the middle of your list.
#Use append() to add one new guest to the end of your list.
#Print a new set of invitation messages, one for each person in your
list.

# Original list of people you'd like to invite to dinner

guest_list = ["Albert Einstein", "Isaac Newton", "Ada Lovelace"]

# Inform about the bigger table

print("Good news! I just found a bigger dinner table, so I can invite
more guests!\n")

# Add three more guests

guest_list.insert(0, "Nikola Tesla") # Add to the beginning
guest_list.insert(2, "Galileo Galilei") # Add to the middle
guest_list.append("Leonardo da Vinci") # Add to the end

print(guest_list)

# Print the new set of invitation messages

for guest in guest_list:
print(f"Dear {guest},")
print("I would be honored to have you join me for dinner.")
print("Looking forward to an evening of great conversation!\n")

#Exercise
#Shrinking Guest List: You just found out that your new dinner table
won’t arrive in time for the dinner,
# and now you have space for only two guests.
#Start with your program from Previous exercise. Add a new line that
prints a
#message saying that you can invite only two people for dinner.
#Use pop() to remove guests from your list one at a time until only
two
#names remain in your list. Each time you pop a name from your list,
#print a message to that person letting them know you’re sorry you
can’t
#invite them to dinner.
#Print a message to each of the two people still on your list, letting
them know they’re still invited.
#Use del to remove the last two names from your list, so you have
anempty list.
#Print your list to make sure you actually have an empty list at the
end of your program.

# Current list of people you'd like to invite to dinner

guest_list = ["Nikola Tesla", "Albert Einstein", "Galileo Galilei",
"Isaac Newton", "Ada Lovelace", "Leonardo da Vinci"]

# Inform about the change of plans

print("Unfortunately, the new dinner table won't arrive in time, so I
can only invite two people for dinner.\n")

# Remove guests until only two remain, apologizing to each

while len(guest_list) > 2:
removed_guest = guest_list.pop()
print(f"Sorry {removed_guest}, but I can't invite you to dinner
this time.\n")

# Print messages to the remaining two guests

for guest in guest_list:
print(f"Dear {guest},")
print("You are still invited to the dinner! Looking forward to
seeing you.\n")

# Remove the last two guests

del guest_list[0]
del guest_list[0]

# Print the list to confirm it's empty

print(f"Final guest list: {guest_list}")