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Transformer Design

The document discusses various materials and technologies used in transformers, including mineral oil, silicone oil, and SF6 gas, highlighting their properties and applications. It also covers advancements in dry-type transformers and the role of digital computers in optimizing transformer design and manufacturing processes. Challenges such as cost, environmental concerns, and performance limitations are noted for certain transformer types.

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22 views1 page

Transformer Design

The document discusses various materials and technologies used in transformers, including mineral oil, silicone oil, and SF6 gas, highlighting their properties and applications. It also covers advancements in dry-type transformers and the role of digital computers in optimizing transformer design and manufacturing processes. Challenges such as cost, environmental concerns, and performance limitations are noted for certain transformer types.

Uploaded by

surajmudiofficial
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Transformer Fundamentals 3

pressboards, manufactured using high quality materials and processes, are used
in high voltage transformers. Well-profiled angle rings, angle caps, and other
special insulation components are also widely used.
Mineral oil has traditionally been the most commonly used electrical
insulating medium and coolant in transformers. Studies have proved that the oil-
barrier insulation system is suitable even at voltages rated higher than 1000 kV.
The high dielectric strength of oil-impregnated papers and pressboards is the main
reason for the widespread use of mineral oil in transformers. Silicone oil is an
alternative; it is non-toxic and fire-resistant. A comparatively higher cost is an
inhibiting factor in its widespread use. Transformers with biodegradable natural
and synthetic esters are employed in environmentally sensitive locations.
There have been considerable advancements in the technology of gas-
immersed transformers. SF6 is a non-flammable gas and has excellent dielectric
properties. Hence, SF6 transformers are preferred for fire-hazard-free applications.
Due to the low specific gravity of SF6 gas, gas-insulated transformers are lighter
than oil-immersed transformers. The dielectric strength of SF6 gas is a function of
the operating pressure; the higher the pressure, the higher the dielectric strength is.
However, the heat capacity and thermal time constant of SF6 gas are less than
those of oil, resulting in a lower overload capacity of SF6 transformers.
Environmental concerns, sealing problems, lower cooling capability, and the
present high cost of manufacture are the challenges that have to be overcome for
widespread use of SF6 transformers.
Dry-type resin cast and resin impregnated transformers use class F or C
insulation. The high cost of resins and their lower heat dissipation capability limit
the use of these materials to transformers that have lower ratings. Dry-type
transformers are primarily used for indoor applications in order to minimize fire
hazards. Nomex paper insulation, which has a temperature withstand capacity of
220qC, is widely used in dry-type transformers. The initial cost of a dry-type
transformer may be 60 to 70% higher than that of an oil-cooled transformer at
current prices, but its overall cost at the present level of energy rates can be quite
comparable to that of the oil-cooled transformer.
Design: With the rapid development of digital computers, designers are freed
from the drudgery of routine calculations. Computers are widely used for the
optimization of designs. Within a few minutes, today's computers can work out a
number of designs (by varying flux density, core diameter, current density, etc.)
and come up with an optimum design. One of the major benefits of computers is
in the area of analysis. Using commercial 2-D/3-D field computation software, any
kind of engineering analysis (electrostatic, electromagnetic, structural, thermal,
etc.) can be performed to optimize the design of transformers or to enhance their
reliability.
Manufacturing: In manufacturing technology, the superior techniques listed
below are used to reduce manufacturing time and at the same time to improve
product quality:

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