Read the passage and answer the questions that follow

Passage - 1
The office Mr. Chandra works in is very near to a public park. Mr. Chandra stills rounds
it once before he goes to work. Promptly at one O' clock, Mr. Chandra comes out and
makes straight for the park. The bench he usually sits, is near the fountain and his lunch
is eaten in with the background music of falling water and chirping birds. At five minutes
to two, Mr. Chandra goes back to his office. At five O' clock, he is again on his usual
bench in the park. It is the time of the day he likes best. Mr. Chandra has made friends
with some children who come to the park, shepherded by their "ayas". He tells them
stories; they listen to him with wide-eyed attention. Crowding around him, they fight for
a place next to the story teller in the park.
Answer the following questions.
1. Mr. Chandra is probably a
a) teacher b) writer c) labourer d) clerk
2. Mr. Chandra gets down from his bus
a) in front of his house b) at the park c) behind his office d) new the beach
3. At one O' clock, Mr. Chandra comes out and makes straight for the
park. The expression ’make straight for the park’ means:
a) goes to the park b)p1ays in the park c)sits in the park d) leaves the park
4. Which expression shows that the children are eager to listen to the story of Chandra?
 .

a) shepherded by b) crowded sound c) listen with wide-eyed attention c) drop off

5. The most pleasant part of the day for Chandra is
a) morning b) noon c) evening d) none of these.
Answers
1.d; 2.b; 3.a; 4.c; 5.c

Passage — 2
A great historian wanted to write a book on World History. He collected all the materials
required for writing the book from all possible sources and fixed an auspicious day to
stat his writing. When he was about to start, he heard a noise outside. He peeped out of
the window and saw two women quarrelling in the street; some people there were trying
to intervene and settle the quarrel. He got out of his house and asked everyone who was
present at the scene. Everyone gave some reason which was different from what others
gave. The historian was unable to find the true reason and was quite baffled; he came
back to his room and said to himself, "If I am not able to find out the reason for a minor
quarrel that took place right in front of my house, how am I to find out the causes of the
wars and such other events that took place long, long ago?" So he gave rip the very idea
of writing the book!
1. What preliminary work did the historian do for writing a history of the world?
a) fixed a favorable date to start writing.
b) did a lot of research and collected information.
c) collected enough money for publishing the book.
d) equipped himself with all the writing material.
2. The historian wanted to find out the..........of the quarrel.
a) the true cause b) the result c) the relevance d) the justice
3. The historian failed to gather correct information because
a) people would not tell him anything.
b) he could not meet many people.
c) people could not answer his questions.
d) different people came up with different versions.
4. The word "baffled" in the passage means almost the same as
a) frightened b) puzzled c) defeated d) disappointed
5. The historian gave rip the idea of writing the book because.......
a) his faith in the truth of history was shaken.
b) he could not find out the truth regarding the quarrel.
c) he thought it impossible to know the truth about wars in olden days.
d) he realised that more research and study were required.
Answers 1.b; 2.a; 3.d; 4.c; 5.c

Passage 3 - Dolphins
Dolphins are regarded as the friendliest creatures in the sea and stories of them helping
drowning sailors have been common since Roman times. The more we learn about
dolphins, the more we realize that their society is more complex than people previously
imagined. They look after other dolphins when they are ill, care for pregnant mothers and
protect the weakest in the community, as we do. Some scientists have suggested that
dolphins have a language brit it is much more probable that they communicate with each
other without needing words. Could any of these mammals be more intelligent than man?
Certainly the most common argument in favor of man's superiority over them that we cv
kill them more easily than they can kill us is the least satisfactory. On the contrary, the
more we discover about these remarkable creatures, the less we appear superior when we
destroy them.
1. Find out the word that is closer in meaning to 'drowning'.
a) planting b) moving c) sinking d) thinking
2. Which word in the passage means ’take care of?
a) look after b) on the contrary c) probable d) realize
3. Man's superiority over other animals is manifested by his ability to
a) look after other animals b) think intelligently c) to travel faster d) to kill other animals
4) If we discover more about other creatures, man will appear
 .

a) more intelligent b) more Ginny c) less superior d) less intelligent

5. The passage is about
a) man and native b) drowning sailors c) sea dwellers d) life style of dolphins
Answers
1.c; 2.a; 3.d; 4.c; 5.d

Learners will be able to realize the

I. Use of idioms in sentences

Common Idioms and phrases

1. The pros and corns the arguments for and against
2. A feather in one's cry an achievement of which one can be proud of
3. Keep one's word do as one promise
4. Let the cat our of the bag the secret is no longer
5. Beat around the bush to talk about lots of unimportant things
6. Hit the nail on the head doing or saying something that is precisely right
7. A hot potato Speak of an issue which many people are talking
about and which is usually disputed
8. A penny for your thoughts — A way of asking what someone is thinking
9. Action speak louder than words — People's intention can be judged better by what
they do than what they say.
10. Add insult to injury To worsen an unfavorable situation
Exercise
When the thief was questioned he let the cat out of the
ba
2. Our school has won the first prize in the state level Hockey Competition. It
is a feather in our ca
3. Before we take a decision on the issue , we insist examine the pros and cons
4. Give promises only if one can ke one's and world

Idioms and phrases list

Hit the nail
Beat around the bush
A feather in one's cap
The pros and cons
Keep one's word
Let the cat out of the bag
To smell a rat
Crocodile tears
A hot potato
A penny for your thoughts
Action speaks louder than words
Add insult to injury
At the drop a hat
try over spilt milk
Curiosity kill the cat
brit corners
Bolt in the sky
Apple of the eye
Add fuel to the fire
Idioms and phrases with meanings.
A hot potato- speak of an issue
A penny for your thoughts - a way of asking what someone is thinking.

Action speaks louder than words - people's intentions can be judged better by what they
do than what they say.
Add insult to injury - to worsen an unfavorable situation.
At the top of a hat without any hesitation
try over spilt milk when you complain about a loss in the past.
Cioiosity killed the cat - being inquisitive can lead you into an unpleasant situation.
brit corners - something done badly to save money.

Match the idioms with their meanings.

1. Pros and cons a. The secret is no longer a secret
2. A feather in one's cap b. Do as one promises
3. Keep one's word c. The arguments for and against
4. Let the cat out of the bag d. An achievement of which one can be proud of

Fill in the blanks with appropriate idioms.

1. When the thief was questioned, he
2. Our school has won the first prize in the State Level Hockey Competition. It is
3. Before we take a decision on an issue, we must examine the........of it.
4. Give promises only if one can

Phrasal verbs
The learners will be able to imbibe
The meanings of the phrasal verbs with ’get’ — (refer to a dict) get
away escape
 .

get across to communicate clearly

get off to dismount
get over to overcome
get through to finish something completely
get rip to rise from bed
get on/get along- to have a good relationship
1. A courageous person never get away from difficult situations.
2. John got off his bike to help the accident victim
3. May finally got over the fever
4. You should get through the work before the weekend
5. Ali g ets up every day at sunrise to go jogging
6. She kinds it difficult to get on with her new roommate

The learners will be able to analyze the meaning of the proverb

Proverbs are the power houses of language. They contain threads of common meaning
that weave the fabric of humanity. Proverbs say a lot in few words
Eg:
1. God helps those who help themselves
Meaning — God will not come to the and of those who refuse to try and help
themselves.
2. Don't cry over spilt — Do not be upset about a mistake or a misfortune
3. The early bird catechus the worm — of a bird starts to search for food early it
can catch the worm easily without notch trouble.
4. Baking dogs seldom bite —
They lack coinage and they only by to frighten people by their bank.
5. A friend in need is a friend indeed
6. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush (Don't take the chance of loosing
something upon have, in search of something bitter)
 .

7. An apple a day keeps the doctor away- If you eat the right food, you will be healthy
8. A stitch in time saves nine — Don't put off doing or dealing with something one else
it will become worse and cause extra work.
9. The proof of the pudding is in the eating — you can't be sure about something until
you try it.
10. Too many cooks spoil the broth — One good person can get the job done quicker

Collocations
Certain words in English are often used together. Such nanua1 pairing or grouping of
words is known as collocations.
A combination of words in a language, that happens very often and more frequently than
would happen by chance.
Examples for collocations
greatly agitated
heated debate
make demands
commit a mistake
fast food
high mountain
commit suicide
deeply ashamed
tiring journey
hasty opinion
strong decision

Use of prepositions

1. A preposition is a word, phrase which is used before a noun, a noun phrase or a

pronoun connecting it to another word.
 Eg . We jumped into the lake
2. She drove slowly down the track
3. Preposition are used state a member of relationships including time, location,
manner, means, quantity, purpose and state of condition.
Eg . an off man is sitting on a bench. He has kept his walking stick beside him. We
can see a boy lying on the grass who is writing something with the pen and a girl
flying a kite. The kite is flying above the man, there is another tree surrounded by a
fence. Two birds are sitting on the tree.

Conditionals

First Conditional -Real

Second Conditional - Imaginary

First Conditional - If he wins, he will get an opportunity to sing in the films.

Second Conditional - If he won, he would get an opportunity to sing in the films.

First Conditional - If we walk, it will take its an how to reach there.

Second Conditional - If we walked, it would take its an hour to reach there.

First Conditional - If it rains, the match will be put off.

Second Conditional - If it rained, the match would be put off.

Relative Pronoun
The learners will be able to realize the rise of relative pronouns
A relative pronoun describe the word that comes before it.
Note : ‘that’ and ‘which’ are used to der. Objects.
‘who’ is used to describe people

1. This is the house which I purchased from Ramu

2. He said something that surprised
 .

3. I saw a girl who was carrying a basket on her head

4. The woman who lives next door is a teacher
5. The house that Jack built collapsed yesterday

II. Structure ‘I Wish’

I wish I had a bicycle.

I wish I had a good friend

I wish I had an umbrella.

I wish I were a butterfly.

I wish I were the Prime Minister

I wish I were a millionaire.

I wish I could fly to somewhere.

I wish I could help you.

I wish I could be like you.

Clauses that start with 'as ifi or ’as though’ describe an unreal or improbable situation, if
they are followed by past tense.

We rise the past tense after 'as if' to indicate improbability or doubt. Both 'as if and 'as
though' means the same.

’As if of 'as though' is used to describe how a situation seems to be.

He looked. He knew the answer.
He looked. He hadn't slept for days.
John treats Mary. She were her servant.
Anil behaves. He owned the house.
 .

He is rich. But he walked (poor)

Raju treats Roy...........(servant)
We laughed...........(joke)
He lay on the floor (dead)

Convert from singular to plural.

Rewrite the sentences rising the words given in brackets.

1. He thinks Tansen has the most wonderful voice on the whole world. (They.....)

2. Akbar enquires about the person. (The courtiers. )

3. They find him busy with his daily chores. (Tansen.....)

4. Tansen and the Emperor reach his hut. ( The emperor)

Proverbs and sayings

Don't cry over spilt milk.
God helps those who help themselves.
The early bird catches the worm.
Baking dogs seldom bite.
A friend in need is a friend in deed.
Proverbs with meanings.
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. - Don't take the chance of loosing something
you have, in search of something better.
An apple a day keeps the doctor. If you beat the right food, you will be healthy.
A stitch in time saves nine. - Don't put off doing or dealing with something or else it will
become worse and cause extra work.
The proof of the pudding is in the eating. - You can't be sane about something until you
try it.
Too many cooks spoil the broth. - One good person can get the job done quicker.