PRESIDENT’S OFFICE

REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

SAME AND MWANGA SECONDARY SCHOOLS EXAMINATION
SYNDICATE (SAMWASSES)

FORM SIX PRE-MOCK EXAMINATIONS-2020

ADVANCED MATHEMATICS 2
MARKING SCHEME

1. a) from
𝑛
𝑛!
𝐶𝑟 =
(𝑛 − 𝑟)𝑛!

𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝐹 = 𝑓𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟
𝑀 = 𝑚𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟
𝐶 = 𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑛
𝑛 = 1 + 1 + 10 = 12
1
𝑟 = 4 … … . . (00 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
2

i) 𝐵𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 (𝐹𝑀𝐶1 𝐶2 )

= 1𝐶1 × 1𝐶1 × 10𝐶2 × 10𝐶2

= 1 × 1 × 45 × 45

1
= 2025 … … . . (00
𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
2
∴ 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑓 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑠 2025

ii) 𝑂𝑛𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦(𝐹𝐶1 𝐶2 𝐶3 )

1
= 1𝐶1 ∙ 10𝐶2 ∙ 10𝐶2 ∙ 10𝐶2 … … . . (00 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
2

= 1 × 45 × 45 × 45

1
= 91125 … … . . (00
𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
2
∴ 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑓 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑠 91125
 iii) 𝑁𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠

1
= 2𝐶0 × 10𝐶4 … … . . (00 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
2

1
= 210 … … . . (00
𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
2
∴ 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 = 210

b) i)
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
𝑃(𝐴/𝐵) =
𝑃(𝐵)

𝐵𝑢𝑡 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)

= 0.2 + 0.4 − 0.35

= 0.25

0.25 1
∴ 𝑃(𝐴/𝐵) = = 0.655 … … . . (01 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
0.4 2

𝑃(𝐵 ∩ 𝐴′ )
′)
ii) 𝑃(𝐵/𝐴 =
𝑃(𝐴′ )

𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐵 ∩ 𝐴)
=
1 − 𝑃(𝐴)

0.4 − 0.25
=
1 − 0.2
1
= 0.1875 … … . . (01 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
2

c)
1

𝐸(𝑎𝑋 + 𝑏) = ∑(𝑎2 𝑋 2 + 2𝑎𝑏𝑋 + 𝑏 2 )𝑃(𝑋)

2

𝑖=1

= 𝑎2 ∑ 𝑋 2 𝑃(𝑋) + 2𝑎𝑏 ∑ 𝑋 𝑃(𝑋) + 𝑏 2 ∑ 𝑃(𝑋)

= 𝑎2 𝐸(𝑋 2 ) + 2𝑎𝑏𝐸(𝑋) + 𝑏 2 … … . (𝑖) … … . . (01 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)

𝑉𝑎𝑟[𝑎𝑋 + 𝑏] = 𝑎2 𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋)

𝑉𝑎𝑟[𝑎𝑋 + 𝑏] = 𝐸(𝑎𝑋 + 𝑏)2 − [𝐸(𝑎𝑋 + 𝑏)]2 … … … (𝑖𝑖) … … . . (01 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)

 𝐸(𝑎𝑋 + 𝑏) = ∑(𝑎𝑋 + 𝑏) 𝑃(𝑋)

= ∑ 𝑎𝑋 𝑃(𝑋) + ∑ 𝑏 𝑃(𝑋)

= 𝑎 ∑ 𝑋 𝑃(𝑋) + 𝑏 ∑ 𝑃(𝑋)

= 𝑎𝐸(𝑋) + 𝑏 … … . . (𝑖𝑖𝑖) … … . . (01 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)

𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 (𝑖) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑖𝑖𝑖) 𝑖𝑛 (𝑖𝑖)

𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋) = 𝐸(𝑎𝑋 + 𝑏)2 − [𝐸(𝑎𝑋 + 𝑏)]2

= 𝑎2 𝐸(𝑋 2 ) + 2𝑎𝑏𝐸(𝑋) + 𝑏 2 − 𝑎2 [𝐸(𝑋)]2 − 2𝑎𝑏𝐸(𝑋) − 𝑏 2

= 𝑎2 𝐸(𝑋 2 ) − 𝑎2 [𝐸(𝑋)]2

= 𝑎2 [𝐸(𝑋 2 ) − [𝐸(𝑋)]2 ]

𝑉𝑎𝑟[𝑎𝑋 + 𝑏] = 𝑎2 𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋) … … . . (01 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)

𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑

d) i) Recall the function 𝑓(𝑥) as a p.d.f

𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑥; 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 𝜀(−∞, ∞)

1
Take any value in the given interval 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1 , 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝑥 = 0, 2 , 1

𝑓(𝑥) = 12𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 3

𝑓(0) = 0

1
𝑓 ( ) = 1.5
2

1
𝑓(1) = 0 … … . . (00 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
2

So it implies that 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 0

Again

𝑏
∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 1
𝑎
 1
1 3 1 4 1
∫ (12𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 3)
𝑑𝑥 = 12 [ 𝑥 − 𝑥 ]
0 2 4 0

1
= 12 ( )
12

=1
1
∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑝. 𝑑. 𝑓 … … . . (00 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
2

1 3
ii) The value of the probability 𝑃 (4 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4)
3
1 3 4
𝑃 ( ≤ 𝑥 ≤ ) = ∫ (12𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 3 )𝑑𝑥
4 4 1
4
3
12 12 4
= [ 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 4 ]1
3 4
4
= 0.6875 … … . . (02 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)

𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛, 𝐸(𝑥) 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 0

𝑏
𝐸(𝑥) = ∫ 𝑥𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑎

1
= ∫ 𝑥(12𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 3 )𝑑𝑥
0

12 5 1 4
= [3𝑥 − 𝑥 ]
5 0

= 0.6 … … . . (02 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)

2. a) Contra positive
𝑞→ ~(𝑝 → 𝑞 ) … … . . (01 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘 )

Converse
~𝑞 → (𝑝 → 𝑞) … … . . (01 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)

𝑝 𝑞 ~𝑞 𝑝→ 𝑞 ~𝑞 → (𝑝 → 𝑞)

T T F T T
T F T F F
F T F T T (02 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
F F T T T
b) i) If there are no clouds or it does not rain then it is not true that there are clouds and it
rains . … … . . (02 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)

ii) If there are no clouds or it does not rain then it is not true that there are clouds and it
rains. … … . . (02 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)

c)
𝑀 = (𝐴 ∧ ~𝐵 ∧ 𝐶) ∨ (𝐴 ∧ ~𝐵 ∧ ~𝐶) ∨ (~𝐴 ∧ ~𝐵 ∧ 𝐶) ∨ (~𝐴 ∧ ~𝐵 ∧ ~𝐶)

= 𝐴 ∧ [(~𝐵 ∧ 𝐶) ∨ (~𝐵 ∧ ~𝐶)] ∨ [~𝐴 ∧ ((~𝐵 ∧ 𝐶) ∨ (~𝐵 ∧ ~𝐶))] 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒

… … . . (01 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)

= 𝐴 ∧ [~𝐵 ∧ (𝐶 ∨ ~𝐶)] ∨ [~𝐴 ∧ [~𝐵 ∧ (𝐶 ∨ ~𝐶)]] 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒

= [𝐴 ∧ [~𝐵 ∧ 𝑇]] ∨ [~𝐴 ∧ [~𝐵 ∧ 𝑇]] 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑦 … … . . (01 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)

= (𝐴 ∧ ~𝐵) ∨ (~𝐴 ∧ ~𝐵) 𝐼𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦

= ~𝐵 ∧ (𝐴 ∨ ~𝐴) 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒

= ~𝐵 ∧ 𝑇 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑦 … … . . (01 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)

= ~𝐵 𝐼𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦

∴ 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑀 = ~𝐵 … … . . (01 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)

d)
𝑃 ∧ [𝑄 ∧ 𝑅 ∨ ~𝑄] ∨ (~𝑃 ∧ ~𝑅) 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛

𝑃 ∧ [(𝑄 ∨ ~𝑄) ∧ (𝑅 ∨ ~𝑄)] ∨ (~𝑃 ∧ ~𝑅) 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒

𝑃 ∧ [(𝑅 ∨ ~𝑄)] ∨ (~𝑃 ∧ ~𝑅) 𝐼𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦

3. a)
i) 𝑎 ∙ 𝑏 = |𝑎| |𝑏| cos 𝜃
~ ~ ~ ~

60 = (13)(5) cos 𝜃

60 12
cos 𝜃 = =
65 13
5
𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 sin 𝜃 =
13

Now

|𝑎 × 𝑏| = |𝑎| |𝑏| sin 𝜃

~ ~ ~ ~

5
|𝑎 × 𝑏| = (13)(15) ( )
~ ~ 13
1
|𝑎 × 𝑏| = 25 … … . . (01 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
~ ~ 2

ii) Required to prove

𝑎∙𝑏
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑗𝑏 𝑎 =
|𝑏|
~

𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟

|𝑏|
~
cos 𝜃 = ⇒ |𝑏| = |𝑎 | cos 𝜃
~ ~
|𝑎|
~

𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 = |𝑎| cos 𝜃

~ ~ ~

𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑎 ∙ 𝑏 = |𝑎| |𝑏| cos 𝜃

~ ~ ~ ~

𝑎∙𝑏
~ ~
= |𝑎| cos 𝜃
~
|𝑏|
~
 𝑎∙𝑏 1
∴ 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑗𝑏 𝑎 = … … . . (01 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
|𝑏 | 2
~

𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
~ ~ ~
b) 𝑎 × 𝑏 = |1 −2 3 |
~ ~
2 3 −5

= (10 − 9)𝑖 − (−5 − 6)𝑗 + (3 + 4)𝑘

~ ~ ~
= 𝑖 + 11𝑗 + 7𝑘
~ ~ ~

𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠

𝑎 ∙ 𝑏 = |𝑎| |𝑏| cos 𝜃

~ ~ ~ ~

𝑎∙𝑏
~ ~
cos 𝜃 =
|𝑎| |𝑏|
~ ~

𝑎∙𝑏
𝜃 = cos −1
( ~ ~ )
|𝑎| |𝑏|
~ ~

2 − 6 − 15
= cos −1 [ ]
√14 × √38

∴ 𝜃 = 145.46° … … . . (03 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)

c) i) Consider the triangle below

𝐿𝑒𝑡 ℎ = (𝐴𝐵) sin 𝜃

1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 = (𝐵𝐶) ∙ ℎ ; 𝑏𝑢𝑡 ℎ = 𝐴𝐵 sin 𝜃
2
1
= (𝐵𝐶)(𝐵𝐴) sin 𝜃
2
 1
= |𝐵𝐶 × 𝐵𝐴|
2
1
∴ 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = |𝐵𝐶 × 𝐵𝐴|
2
1
ii) 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦 |𝐵𝐶 × 𝐵𝐴| … … . . (02 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
2

BC = OC − OB = (𝑖 − 𝑗 − 𝑘) − (2𝑖 − 4𝑗 − 𝑘) = −𝑖 − 5𝑗
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

BA = OA − OB = (−2𝑖 + 3𝑗 + 𝑘) − (2𝑖 + 4𝑗 − 𝑘) = −4𝑖 − 𝑗 + 2𝑘

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
~ ~ ~
BC × BA = |−1 −5 0| = −10𝑖~ + 2𝑗~ − 19𝑘
~
−4 −1 2
1
∴ 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 = |𝐵𝐶 × 𝐵𝐴|
2
1
= √100 + 4 + 361
2

= 10.78 𝑆𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 … … . . (02 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)

d) Given the forces

𝐹1 = 10𝑁 , 𝐹2 = 12𝑁 , 𝐹3 = 14𝑁

i) 𝑑1 = 2𝑖 + 2𝑗 + 𝑘 , 𝑑2 = 6𝑖 − 5𝑗 + 4𝑘 , 𝑑3 = 9𝑖 + 4𝑗 − 6𝑘
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

10 (2𝑖 + 2𝑗 + 𝑘)
~ ~ ~ 10
𝐹1 = 𝐹1 ∙ 𝑑1 = = (2𝑖 + 2𝑗 + 𝑘 )
√4 + 4 + 1 3 ~ ~ ~

12 (6𝑖 − 5𝑗 + 4𝑘)
~ ~ ~ 12
𝐹2 = 𝐹2 ∙ 𝑑2 = = (6𝑖 − 5𝑗 + 4𝑘)
√36 + 25 + 16 √77 ~ ~ ~

14 (9𝑖 + 4𝑗 − 6𝑘)
~ ~ ~ 14
𝐹3 = 𝐹3 ∙ 𝑑3 = = (9𝑖 + 4𝑗 − 6𝑘)
√81 + 16 + 36 √133 ~ ~ ~

∴ 𝐹R = 𝐹1 + 𝐹2 + 𝐹3
 20 72 126 20 60 56 10 48 84
=( + + )𝑖 +( − + )𝑗 +( + − )𝑘
3 √77 √133 ~ 3 √77 √133 ~ 3 √77 √133 ~

∴ 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 = 𝐹R ∙ 𝑑
20 72 126 20 60 56 10 48 84
𝑊. 𝐷 = [( + + )𝑖 +( − + )𝑗 +( + − ) 𝑘] ∙
3 √77 √133 ~ 3 √77 √133 ~ 3 √77 √133 ~

(16𝑖 + 3𝑗 + 0𝑘)
~ ~ ~

𝑊. 𝐷 = (6.67 + 8.21 + 10.93)16 + (6.67 + 6.683 + 4.86)3

𝑊. 𝐷 = (412.96 + 13.92)

𝑊. 𝐷 = 426.88 𝐽𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 … … . . (03 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)

ii) 𝑟 = 𝑡 3 𝑖 + (𝑡 2 − 2𝑡)𝑗
~ ~

r ′ = 3𝑡 2 𝑖 + (2𝑡 − 2)𝑗
~ ~

𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 3(4)𝑖 + (2 × 2 − 2)𝑗

~ ~

= 12𝑖 + 2𝑗
~ ~

𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑟 ′′

= 6𝑡 𝑖 + 2𝑗
~ ~

𝑎𝑡 𝑡 = 2

= 6 × 2𝑖 + 2𝑗
~ ~

= 12𝑖 + 2𝑗 … … . . (02 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)

~ ~

4. a) i)

(2 + 𝑖)𝑒 (1+3𝑖)𝑥 + (2 − 𝑖)𝑒 (1−3𝑖)𝑥

= (2 + 𝑖)𝑒 𝑥 ∙ 𝑒 3𝑥𝑖 + (2 − 𝑖)𝑒 𝑥 ∙ 𝑒 −3𝑥𝑖

= 𝑒 𝑥 (2𝑒 3𝑥𝑖 + 𝑖𝑒 3𝑥𝑖 + 2𝑒 −3𝑥𝑖 − 𝑖𝑒 −3𝑥𝑖 )

 = 𝑒 𝑥 (2(𝑒 3𝑥𝑖 + 𝑒 −3𝑥𝑖 )) + 𝑖(𝑒 3𝑥𝑖 − 𝑒 −3𝑥𝑖 )

𝑒 3𝑥𝑖 + 𝑒 −3𝑥𝑖 𝑒 3𝑥𝑖 − 𝑒 −3𝑥𝑖

= 𝑒 𝑥 (4 ( ) − 2( ))
2 2𝑖

= 𝑒 𝑥 (4 cosh 3𝑥 − 2) sinh 3𝑥

1
𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 … … . . (02 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
2

ii) Required to prove

𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧1 ∙ 𝑧2 ) = 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧1 ) + 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧2 )

𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑧1 = 𝑥1 + 𝑖𝑦1

𝑧2 = 𝑥2 + 𝑖𝑦2

𝑧1 ∙ 𝑧2 = 𝑥1 𝑥2 − 𝑦1 𝑦2 + 𝑖(𝑥1 𝑦2 + 𝑥2 𝑦1 )

𝑥1 𝑦2 + 𝑥2 𝑦1
∴ 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧1 ∙ 𝑧2 ) = tan−1 ( )
𝑥1 𝑥2 − 𝑦1 𝑦2

𝐴𝑙𝑠𝑜

𝑦1 𝑦2
𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧1 ) + 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧2 ) = tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 ( )
𝑥1 𝑥2

𝑦1 𝑦2
𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = tan−1 ( ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = tan−1 ( )
𝑥1 𝑥2

𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛

𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧1 ) + 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧2 ) = 𝐴 + 𝐵

tan(𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧1 ) + 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧2 )) = tan(𝐴 + 𝐵)

𝑦1 𝑦2
𝑥1 + 𝑥2
) ))
tan(𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧1 + 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧2 = 𝑦 𝑦
1 − 𝑥1 ∙ 𝑥2
1 2

𝑥1 𝑦2 + 𝑥2 𝑦1
tan(𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧1 ) + 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧2 )) = tan−1 [ ]
𝑥1 𝑥2 − 𝑦1 𝑦2
∴ 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧1 ∙ 𝑧2 ) = 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧1 ) + 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧2 )

1
𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 … … . . (02 2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
b) i) Required to prove

cos 4𝜃 = 8 cos 4 𝜃 − 8 cos2 𝜃 + 1

(cos 𝜃 + 𝑖 sin 𝜃)4 = cos 4𝜃 + 𝑖 sin 4𝜃

𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 = cos4 𝜃 + cos3 𝜃 𝑖 sin 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 (𝑖 sin 𝜃)2 + cos 𝜃 (𝑖 sin 𝜃)3 + (𝑖 sin 𝜃)4

= cos 4 𝜃 + 𝑖cos 3 𝜃 sin 𝜃 − cos 2 𝜃 sin2 𝜃 − 𝑖 cos 𝜃 sin3 𝜃 + sin4 𝜃

= cos 4 𝜃 + 4𝑖 sin 𝜃 cos 3 𝜃 − 6 cos 2 𝜃 sin2 𝜃 − 4𝑖 cos 𝜃 sin3 𝜃 + sin4 𝜃

= cos 4 𝜃 − 6 cos2 𝜃 sin2 𝜃 + sin4 𝜃 + 4𝑖(cos3 𝜃 sin 𝜃 − cos 𝜃 sin3 𝜃)

𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑠

cos4 𝜃 − 6 cos 2 𝜃 sin2 𝜃 + sin4 𝜃 = cos 4𝜃 = 𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆

cos 4𝜃 = cos 4 𝜃 − 6 cos2 𝜃 (1 − cos 2 𝜃) + (1 − cos 2 𝜃)2

cos 4𝜃 = cos 4 𝜃 − 6 cos2 𝜃 + 6 cos4 𝜃 + 1 − 2cos2 + cos 4

cos 4𝜃 = 8 cos 4 𝜃 − 8 cos2 𝜃 + 1 … … . . (03 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)

𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤𝑛

ii) ∫(8 cos4 𝜃 − 8 cos2 𝜃 + 5)𝑑𝜃 = ∫(8 cos4 𝜃 − 8 cos2 𝜃 + 1 + 4)𝑑𝜃

= ∫(8 cos 4 𝜃 − 8 cos2 𝜃 + 1)𝑑𝜃 + 4 ∫ 𝑑𝜃

= ∫ cos 4𝜃 𝑑𝜃 + 4 ∫ 𝑑𝜃

sin 4𝜃
= + 4𝜃 + 𝑐
4
sin 4𝜃
∴ ∫(8 cos 4 𝜃 − 8 cos 2 𝜃 + 5)𝑑𝜃 = + 4𝜃 + 𝑐 … … . . (02 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
4
c) i)
𝑖𝑍 − 𝑊 = 2𝑖
{
𝑖𝑍 + 𝑖𝑊 = 𝑖
𝑖
𝑖𝑤 + 𝑤 = 𝑖 ; 𝑤 =
2

𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑖𝑧 − 𝑤 = 2𝑖

𝑖
𝑖𝑧 − = 2𝑖
2
2𝑖 𝑖
𝑖𝑧 = +
1 2

5
𝑧=
2
𝑖 5 1
∴𝑤= 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = … … . . (00 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
2 2 2

ii)
𝑍 4 − 6𝑍 3 + 23𝑍 2 − 34𝑍 + 26 = 0

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 = 1 + 𝑖

𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑧 = 1 + 𝑖
𝑧 =1−𝑖

𝑧 2 − 𝑧(𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠) + 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠

𝑧 2 − 𝑧(1 + 𝑖 + 1 − 𝑖) + (1 + 𝑖)(1 − 𝑖)

𝑧 2 − 2𝑧 + 2 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟

𝑧 2 − 4𝑧 + 13
𝑧 2 − 2𝑧 + 2√𝑍 4 − 6𝑍 3 + 23𝑍 2 − 34𝑍 + 26
− 𝑍 4 − 2𝑍 3 + 2𝑍 2
−4𝑍 3 + 21𝑍 2 − 34𝑍 + 26
− − 4𝑍 3 + 8𝑍 2 − 8𝑍
13𝑍 2 − 26𝑍 + 26
− 13𝑍 2 − 26𝑍 + 26
0 0 0

𝑁𝑜𝑤: 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑧 2 − 4𝑧 + 13

4 ± √16 − 52
𝑧=
2
 𝑧 = 2 + 3𝑖 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 2 − 3𝑖

1
∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 1 − 𝑖 , 2 + 3𝑖 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2 − 3𝑖 … … . . (01 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
2

5. a) i) Consider
3
1 1 3
( + 𝑥) = 3 + 𝑥 3 + + 3𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
1 1
= 3
+ 𝑥 3 + 3 ( + 𝑥)
𝑥 𝑥

1
𝑏𝑢𝑡 2 cos 𝜃 = +𝑥
𝑥
1
(2 cos 𝜃)3 = 3
+ 𝑥 3 + 3(2 cos 𝜃)
𝑥
1
8cos 3 𝜃 = 𝑥 3 + + 6 cos 𝜃
𝑥3
1
8cos 3 𝜃 − 6 cos 𝜃 = 𝑥 3 +
𝑥3
1
2[4cos 3 𝜃 − 3 cos 𝜃] = 𝑥 3 +
𝑥3

𝑏𝑢𝑡 4cos 3 𝜃 − 3 cos 𝜃 = cos 3𝜃

1 1
∴ 2 cos 3𝜃 = 𝑥 3 + 3
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 … … . . (02 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
𝑥 2

𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
ii) sin 𝐴 + sin 𝐵 + sin 𝐶 = 4 cos cos cos
2 2 2
𝐶 𝐴−𝐵 𝐶 𝐶
𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 = 2 cos cos + 2 sin cos
2 2 2 2
𝐶 𝐴−𝐵 𝐶
= 2 cos [cos ( ) − sin ]
2 2 2

𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶 = 180° … … . . (01 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)

𝐴+𝐵 𝐶 𝐶
cos ( ) = cos (90 − ) = sin
2 2 2

Then
 𝐶 𝐴−𝐵 𝐴+𝐵
sin 𝐴 + sin 𝐵 + sin 𝐶 = 2 cos [cos ( ) + cos ( )]
2 2 2

𝐶 𝐴 𝐵
= 2 cos [2 cos cos ]
2 2 2

𝐶 𝐴 𝐵
= 2 ∙ 2 cos cos cos ° … … . . (01 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
2 2 2
𝐶 𝐴 𝐵 1
𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 = 2 ∙ 2 cos cos cos … … . . (00 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
2 2 2 2

𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑

b) 8𝑥 2 − 26𝑥 + 15 = 0
−𝑏 1
𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 = … … . . (00 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
𝑎 2

𝛼 𝛽 26 1
tan + tan = … … . . (00 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
2 2 8 2
𝑐
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 =
𝑎

𝛼 𝛽 15 1
tan tan = … … . . (00 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
2 2 8 2

Now
𝛼 𝛽
cos(𝛼 + 𝛽) = cos 2 ( + )
2 2

𝛼 𝛽 𝛼 𝛽
= cos 2 ( + ) − sin2 ( + )
2 2 2 2

𝛼 𝛽
= 2 cos2 ( + ) − 1
2 2

2
= −1
1
𝛼 𝛽
cos 2 ( 2 + 2 )

2
= −1
1
𝛼 𝛽
sec 2 ( 2 + 2 )
 2
= −1
𝛼 𝛽
1+ tan2 ( + )
2 2

2
= − 1 … … . . (01𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
𝛼 𝛽
tan 2 + tan 2
1+[ ]
𝛼 𝛽
1 − tan 2 tan 2

2
= −1
26
1 + [ 8 15 ]
1− 8

−289 1
= … … . . (02 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
338 2

c) i)
3 1 13
tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 ( ) = tan−1 ( ) = 53.3°
4 3 9

3 1
𝐿𝑒𝑡 tan−1 ( ) = 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 tan−1 ( ) = 𝐵
4 3

3 1
⇒ tan 𝐴 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 tan 𝐵 =
4 3
3 1
tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 ( ) = 𝐴 + 𝐵
4 3

3 1
tan (tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 ( )) = tan(𝐴 + 𝐵)
4 3

tan 𝐴 + tan 𝐵
𝑏𝑢𝑡 tan(𝐴 + 𝐵) =
1 − tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵
3 1
+
= 4 3
3 1
1−4∙3

13
tan(𝐴 + 𝐵) =
9
13
𝐴 + 𝐵 = tan−1 ( )
9
𝐴 + 𝐵 = 55.3°
 3 1 1
tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 ( ) = 55.3° … … . . (02 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
4 3 2
𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑

ii) 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐴 = tan−1 𝑥 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = tan 𝐴

Consider the triangle below

1 𝑥
cos 𝐴 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 sin 𝐴 =
√1 + 𝑥2 √1 + 𝑥 2

cos 2𝐴 = cos2 𝐴 − sin2 𝐴

2 2
1 𝑥
=( ) −( )
√1 + 𝑥 2 √1 + 𝑥 2

1 𝑥2
= −
1 + 𝑥2 1 + 𝑥2

1 − 𝑥2 1
= … … . . (02 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
1 + 𝑥2 2

= 𝑅. 𝐻. 𝑆

d) i) (2 tan 𝑥 − 1)2 = 3(sec 2 𝑥 − 2)

4 tan2 𝑥 − tan 𝑥 + 1 = 3 sec 2 𝑥 − 6

4 tan2 𝑥 − tan 𝑥 + 1 = 3(1 + tan2 𝑥) − 6

4 tan2 𝑥 − tan 𝑥 + 1 = 3 + 3 tan2 𝑥 − 6

tan2 𝑥 − 4 tan 𝑥 + 4 = 0

(tan 𝑥 − 2)2 = 0

tan 𝑥 = 2

𝑥 = tan−1(2)

1
𝑥 ≈ 63.435° … … . . (02 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
2
 𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵
ii) sin 𝐴 + sin 𝐵 = 2 sin ( ) cos ( )
2 2

𝑥+𝑦 =𝐴
𝑙𝑒𝑡 }±
𝑥−𝑦 =𝐵

𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵
𝑥= 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 =
2 2

sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) = sin 𝑥 cos 𝑦 + cos 𝑥 sin 𝑦

sin(𝑥 − 𝑦) = sin 𝑥 cos 𝑦 − cos 𝑥 sin 𝑦

sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) + sin(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑦

𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 𝐵

𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵
𝑥= 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 =
2 2

∴ sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) + sin(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑦

𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵 1
sin 𝐴 + sin 𝐵 = 2 sin ( ) cos ( ) … … . . (02 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
2 2 2

𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑

2
6. a) Given 𝑛(𝑛+1)(𝑛+2)

2 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
= + +
𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(𝑛 + 2) 𝑛 𝑛 + 1 𝑛 + 2

2 = 𝐴(𝑛 + 1)(𝑛 + 2) + 𝐵(𝑛)(𝑛 + 2) + 𝐶𝑛(𝑛 + 1)

𝐴, 𝑛 = 0 , 𝐴=1
𝑛 = −1, 𝐵 = −2
𝑛 = −2 , 𝐶=1

1 −2 1
∴ 𝐼𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = + +
𝑛 𝑛+1 𝑛+2
𝑛
2
𝑁𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑢𝑚 ∑
𝑘(𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2)
𝑖=1

2 1 2 1
= − +
𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(𝑛 + 2) 𝑛 𝑛 + 1 𝑛 + 2
 1 2 1
= − +
𝑘 𝑘+1 𝑘+2

Now

1 2 1
𝑘 =1; − +
1 2 3
1 2 1
𝑘 =2; − +
2 3 4
1 2 1
𝑘 =3; − +
3 4 5
1 2 1
𝑘 =4; − +
4 5 6
1 2 1
𝑘=5 − +
5 6 7
∙ ∙ ∙ ∙
∙ ∙ ∙ ∙
∙ ∙ ∙ ∙
1 2 1
𝑘 =𝑛−1; − +
𝑛−1 n n+1
1 2 1
𝑘 =𝑛; − +
𝑛 n+1 n+2

1 1
𝐶𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑎𝑠 +
2 𝑛+2
𝑛
2 1 1
∴ ∑ = +
𝑘(𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2) 2 𝑘 + 2
𝑘=1

1 1
𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑡𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑠 → 0 … … . . (07 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
2 𝑘+2

1+𝑥 1 1
b) √ = (1 + 𝑥)2 (1 − 2𝑥)−2
1 − 2𝑥

Now

1 1
1 1 (2) (2) 𝑥 2
(1 + 𝑥)2 = [1 + 𝑥 + + ⋯ ] 𝑓𝑜𝑟 − 1 < 𝑥 < 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑. (03 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
2 2!

1 3
1 1 (− 2) (− 2) (2𝑥)2
−
(1 − 2𝑥) 2 = [1 + (− ) (2𝑥) + + ⋯ ] 𝑓𝑜𝑟 − 1 < 2𝑥 < 1
2 2!
 1+𝑥 1 1
𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 √ ≡ (1 + 𝑥)2 (1 − 2𝑥)−2 … … . . (02 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
1 − 2𝑥

1 1 3
= (1 + 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + ⋯ ) (1 + 𝑥 + + ⋯ )
2 8 2

1 1 1 3
= 1 + ( 𝑥 + 𝑥) + [ 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 ] + ⋯
2 2 8 2

3 3
= 1 + 𝑥 + 𝑥2 + ⋯
2 2
1 1
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 − 1 < 𝑥 < 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − <𝑥<
2 2
1 1
𝑖𝑒. − < 𝑥 < … … . . (02 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
2 2

2 3 −1
c) 𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑡 = [−3 1 2]
3 −4 −4
−7 3 −1
∆𝑥 = [ 1 1 2 ] = −19
−1 −4 −4
−19
𝑥= =1
−19
2 −7 −1
∆𝑦 = [−3 1 2 ] = 38
3 −1 −4
38
𝑦= = −2
−19
2 3 −7
∆𝑧 = [−3 1 1 ] = −57
3 −4 −1
−57
𝑧= =3
−19
∴𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 ≡ 2, 𝑧 = 3 … … . . (05 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
7. a) i)
𝑦 = 𝐴𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝐵𝑒 −3𝑥 … … … … . (𝑖)

𝑦 ′ = 2𝐴𝑒 2𝑥 − 3𝐵𝑒 −3𝑥 … … … … . (𝑖𝑖)

𝑦 ′′ = 4𝐴𝑒 2𝑥 + 9𝐵𝑒 −3𝑥 … … … … . (𝑖𝑖𝑖)

𝑦 ′ + 3𝑦 = 5𝐴𝑒 2𝑥 … … … … … . (𝑖𝑣)

𝑦 ′′ − 9𝑦 = −5𝐴𝑒 2𝑥 … … … … … . (𝑣)

𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑖𝑣)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑣)𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠

𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦 ′ − 6𝑦 = 0

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
∴ + − 6𝑦 = 0 … … . . (03 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

ii) 𝑦𝑝 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 cos 𝑥 + 𝑐 sin 𝑥 … … … (𝑖)

𝑦𝑝′ = −𝑏 sin 𝑥 + 𝑐 cos 𝑥 … … … . . (𝑖𝑖)

𝑦𝑝′′ = −𝑏 cos 𝑥 − 𝑐 sin 𝑥 … … … . . (𝑖𝑖𝑖)

𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑛 (𝑖)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑖𝑖𝑖) 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛

−𝑏 cos 𝑥 − 𝑐 sin 𝑥 + 4𝑎 + 4𝑏 cos 𝑥 + 4𝑐 sin 𝑥 = 8 − 3 cos 𝑥

⇒ 3𝑏 cos 𝑥 + 3𝑐 sin 𝑥 + 4𝑎 = 8 − 3 cos 𝑥

𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡

cos 𝑥 : 3𝑏 = −3 ⇒ 𝑏 = −1

sin 𝑥 : 3𝑐 = 0, ⇒ 𝑐 = 0

𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡: 4𝑎 = 8, ⇒ 𝑎 = 2

∴ 𝑦𝑝 = 2 − cos 𝑥 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 … … . . (03 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)

𝑑𝑦 1
b) i) (1 + 𝑥) − 2𝑦 =
𝑑𝑥 (1 + 𝑥)

Dividing 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑦 (1 + 𝑥)𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑜𝑢𝑡, 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠

𝑑𝑦 2 1
− 𝑦= … … … . (𝑖)
𝑑𝑥 (1 + 𝑥) (1 + 𝑥)2
 𝑑𝑦
𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ + 𝑦𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
2
𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑓(𝑥) = −
(1 + 𝑥)

𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟

𝐼 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛
2
∫ −(1+𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝐼=𝑒 = 𝑒 −2 ln(1+𝑥)
−2
= 𝑒 ln(1+𝑥)

1
=
(1 + 𝑥)2

1
𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑞𝑛 (𝑖) 𝑏𝑦 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠
(1 + 𝑥)2

1 𝑑𝑦 2 1
2
− 3
𝑦=
(1 + 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 (1 + 𝑥) (1 + 𝑥)4

𝑑 𝑦 1
𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑠 ( ) =
𝑑𝑥 (1 + 𝑥)2 (1 + 𝑥)4

𝑂𝑅

𝑦 1
𝑑 2
= 𝑑𝑥
(1 + 𝑥) (1 + 𝑥)4

𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠

𝑦 1
∫𝑑( 2
)=∫ 𝑑𝑥
(1 + 𝑥) (1 + 𝑥)4

𝑦 1
2
=− +𝐴
(1 + 𝑥) 3(1 + 𝑥)3

1
∴ 𝑦 = − (1 + 𝑥)−1 + 𝐴(1 + 𝑥)2
3
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐴 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 … … . . (03 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
 ii) 𝑥𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦 ′ − 𝑥 = 0

𝑑 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑎 2 + +𝑥 =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑃 𝑑 2 𝑦
𝑠𝑜 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑃 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑥 + − 𝑥 = 0 𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑜
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑃
𝑥 +𝑃 =𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑑
(𝑥𝑃) = 𝑥 𝑜𝑟 𝑑(𝑥𝑃) = 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑤𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒

∫ 𝑑(𝑥𝑃) = ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥

𝑥2
𝑥𝑃 = +𝐵
2
𝑑𝑦
𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑃 = 𝑤𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑥 2
𝑥 = +𝐵
𝑑𝑥 2

𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔

1
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 𝐵 ∫ 𝑥 −1 𝑑𝑥
2

1
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 𝐵 ln 𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 … (03 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
4

c) 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑁 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝑑𝑁
∝𝑁
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑁
= 𝑘𝑁
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑁
= 𝑘𝑑𝑡
𝑁

𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠

𝑑𝑁
∫ = ∫ 𝑘𝑑𝑡
𝑁

ln 𝑁 = 𝑘𝑡 + 𝑐

𝑁 = 𝐴𝑒 𝑘𝑡 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑒 𝑐 = 𝐴

𝑡 = 0 , 𝑁 = 100,000 𝐴 = 100,000

𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑁 = 100,000𝑒 𝑘𝑡

𝑎𝑡 𝑡 = 2ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠

10
𝑁= × 100,000 + 100,000
100

𝑁 = 110,000

Now

110,000 = 100,000𝑒 2𝑘

11
= 𝑒 2𝑘
10
1 11
𝑘= ln
2 10
1 11
𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑁 = 100,000𝑒 2 ln10𝑡

𝑎𝑡 𝑁 = 200,000 , 𝑡 =?
𝑡 11
200,000 = 100,000𝑒 2 ln10
𝑡 11
2 = 𝑒 2 ln10

𝑡 11
ln 2 = ln
2 10
2 ln 2
𝑡= = 14.55ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 … … . . (07 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
11
ln 10
𝑂𝑅 𝑡 = 14ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 33𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠
8. a) i) The given equation can be given as

𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 − 4 = 8𝑥

Splitting the middle term

(𝑦 + 2)2 = 8(𝑥 + 1)

This equation represents a translated parabola for it’s in the form of

(𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 4𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)

By comparison we get

𝑎=2 , ℎ = −1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑘 = −2

Then

𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑢𝑠 𝑖𝑠 (𝑎 + ℎ , 𝑘) = (2 + (−1) , −2) = (1 , −2)

𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑥 𝑖𝑠 (ℎ , 𝑘) = (−1 , −2)

𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦

𝑥 = −𝑎 + ℎ ; 𝑥 = −2 + (−1) = −3

𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑠

𝑦=𝑘 , 𝑦 = −2 … … . . (04 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)

𝑏2
ii) The eccentricity can be obtained by the formula 𝑒 = √1 − 𝑎2 where 𝑎2 = 25 and 𝑥 2 =
9, this implies that;

9 16 4
𝑒 = √1 − =√ =
25 25 5

4
∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑖𝑠
5

𝑓𝑜𝑐𝑖 = (±𝑎𝑒 , 0)

4
= (±5 ( ) , 0)
5

= (±4 , 0)
𝑎
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑥 = ±
𝑒
 𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡

5
±4
𝑥=
25
± 4

±5
𝑥=
4
±
5
25
𝑥=± … … . . (04 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
4

b) i) To change an equation to its polar equivalent, we use the relationships

𝑥 = 𝑟 cos 𝜃 , 𝑦 = 𝑟 sin 𝜃

𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑟2

𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )2 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑠 𝑡𝑜

(𝑟 2 )2 = (𝑟 cos 𝜃)2 − (𝑟 sin 𝜃)2

(𝑟 2 )2 = 𝑟 2 [cos 2 𝜃 − sin2 𝜃]

𝑟 2 = cos2 𝜃 − sin2 𝜃

𝑟 2 = cos 2𝜃 … … . . (02 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)

𝑥 𝑦
ii) cos 𝜃 = 𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑑 sin 𝜃 = 𝑥

𝑦 𝑥
𝑟 = 4 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑏𝑒 𝑟 = 4 ( ) ( )
𝑟 𝑟

𝑟 3 = 4𝑦𝑥

𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠

𝑟 6 = 16𝑥 2 𝑦 2

∴ (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )3 = 16𝑥 2 𝑦 2 … … . . (02 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)

c) i) 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 5 … … (𝑖)
𝑥 2 − 4𝑦 2 = 5 … … . . (𝑖𝑖)

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑙𝑦 (𝑖)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑖𝑖)

2
3𝑥 − 5 2
𝑥 −4( ) =5
4
4𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 2 + 30𝑥 − 25 = 20

−5𝑥 2 + 30𝑥 − 45 = 0

𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡

−𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 9 = 0

𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑏 2 = 4𝑎𝑐

62 = 4(−1)(−9)

36 = 36
∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡

To get the point of contact, we solve 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9 = 0 obtained above as follows

𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9 = 0

𝑏𝑦 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑖𝑛𝑔 (𝑥 − 3)2 = 0

𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑥 = 3

𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑥 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑞𝑛 (𝑖)𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡

3(3) − 4𝑦 = 5

9 − 4𝑦 = 5

4𝑦 = 4

𝑦=1
∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑖𝑠 (3 , 1) … … . . (04 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
ii) The given hyperbola may be written in the form

𝑥2 𝑦2
− =1
9 4
𝑥2 𝑦2
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑎 − =1
𝑎2 𝑏 2

𝑏
ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑦 = ± 𝑥
𝑎

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑏𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑛

𝑎 = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = 2

ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑎 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑠

2
𝑦=±
3