See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/377720256

The Two Sides of AI in Cybersecurity: Opportunities and Challenges

Conference Paper · November 2023

DOI: 10.1109/ICNGN59831.2023.10396670

CITATIONS READS
36 342

6 authors, including:

Mowafaq Salem Alzboon Ahmad Fuad Hamadah Bader

Jadara University Jadara University
67 PUBLICATIONS 866 CITATIONS 17 PUBLICATIONS 216 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Ahmad Abuashour Muhyeeddin Alqaraleh

Arab Open University Zarqa University
11 PUBLICATIONS 226 CITATIONS 54 PUBLICATIONS 508 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Muhyeeddin Alqaraleh on 15 April 2024.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 The Two Sides of AI in Cybersecurity: Opportunities
and Challenges
2023 International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Next Generation Networks (ICNGN) | 979-8-3503-2907-0/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICNGN59831.2023.10396670

1st Mowafaq Salem Alzboon 2nd Ahmad Fuad Bader 3rd Ahmad Abuashour 4th Muhyeeddin Kamel
Faculty of Science and Faculty of Science and Department of Information Alqaraleh
Information Technology, Information Technology, Technology and Computing, Faculty of Science and
Department of Computer Department of Computer Arab Open University, Information Technology,
Science,Jadara University, Science,Jadara University, Kuwait Department of Computer
Irbid, Jordan Irbid, Jordan Science,Jadara University,
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Irbid, Jordan
[email protected]

5th Belal Zaqaibeh 6th Mohammad Al-Batah

Faculty of Science and Faculty of Science and
Information Technology, Information Technology,
Department of Computer Science, Department of Computer Science,
Jadara University, Irbid, Jordan Jadara University, Irbid, Jordan
[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract— The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) over on, and if the data used to train the system is biased, the system
the past several years has enabled businesses to identify and will reflect that bias. AI systems are only as good as the data
respond to cyberattacks in real-time. Nevertheless, its they are taught from. This can lead to artificial intelligence
implementation is fraught with difficulties and dangers, such as systems that are biased, unjust, or give erroneous findings. For
possibly introducing bias and producing unpredictable results. instance, if an AI system is trained on data biased toward a
For enterprises to make responsible and productive use of AI, they specific population, it may be less accurate when detecting risks
must take measures to reduce the dangers and difficulties outlined in other demographics. Malicious usage is another potential
above. When enterprises do so, they can design cybersecurity concern [2]. Cybercriminals can use AI algorithms to carry out
solutions that are effective but also ethical and trustworthy,
automated assaults, avoid detection by security measures, or
protecting against threats while retaining trust and transparency.
even fabricate information to spread misinformation. Because of
Keywords— Artificial Intelligence, Cybersecurity, Threat this, it may become more difficult for enterprises to protect
Detection, Risk Management, Bias, Unintended Consequences. themselves against cyber threats, which may increase the
number of successful assaults. When it comes to trusting AI for
cybersecurity, transparency is another issue that must be
addressed. It may be problematic for humans to comprehend the
I. INTRODUCTION reasoning behind the judgments made by AI systems since these
Introduce the topic of trusting AI in cybersecurity with a systems are sometimes convoluted and hard to grasp.
brief statement. Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming Additionally, a lack of transparency may make it difficult to
increasingly relevant in cybersecurity as businesses attempt to establish how decisions are made, making it difficult to discover
increase their ability to identify and respond to cyberattacks. and rectify faults or biases in the system. This is because it can
Automating some processes in cybersecurity, such as threat make it difficult to tell how decisions are made. To mitigate
detection, vulnerability assessment, and incident response, may these dangers, it is vital to thoughtfully consider the benefits and
be accomplished with AI, which can improve the overall drawbacks of placing one's confidence in AI when it comes to
security posture of businesses [1]. In addition, AI can examine cybersecurity [3]. Organizations should take measures to ensure
enormous amounts of data, discover trends and abnormalities, that AI systems are transparent and easily explicable; they
and determine whether a cyberattack has been attempted. should also ensure that human oversight, input, decision-
However, there are also possible dangers connected with putting making, expertise, and training are incorporated; AI systems
your faith in AI regarding cybersecurity. The existence of should be tested and evaluated regularly to ensure that they are
prejudice is one of the most serious hazards. Artificial functioning as intended; and organizations should take these
intelligence systems are only as good as the data they are trained steps. To summarize, putting your faith in AI for cybersecurity

979-8-3503-2907-0/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE

Authorized licensed use limited to: Georgia Institute of Technology. Downloaded on January 26,2024 at 06:35:36 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
has a lot of potential upsides, but it also has some possible II. EASE OF USE
downsides. It is vital to thoroughly analyze the pros and cons of Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are
AI in cybersecurity to construct more secure and robust systems increasingly utilized to bolster cybersecurity. The use of
better suited to defend against cyberattacks. This can be done by artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of cybersecurity had a
comparing the benefits and drawbacks of investing in AI. market value of $8.6 billion in 2019, and it is projected to reach
Organizations can leverage the benefits of AI in their $101.8 billion by the year 2030 (https://tinyurl.com/4nbvu7nh).
cybersecurity defenses if they put in place the proper steps to AI and ML have made it feasible to detect cyber threats more
reduce the risks connected with artificial intelligence (AI). quickly and with greater accuracy than human teams and halt
Introduce the topic of trusting AI in cybersecurity with a brief cyberattacks more rapidly [1]. Since the beginning of this
statement [4]. Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming decade, there has been a discernible rise in the severity of
increasingly relevant in cybersecurity as businesses attempt to cyberattacks by increasingly adept cybercriminals. The security
increase their ability to identify and respond to cyberattacks. mechanisms must be revised to defend networks from hackers,
Automating some processes in cybersecurity, such as threat and the currently available technologies nearly completely miss
detection, vulnerability assessment, and incident response, may botnets. AI can improve the detection rate of IDPS systems;
be accomplished with AI, which can improve the overall nevertheless, cybersecurity professionals need to balance the
security posture of businesses. In addition, AI can examine risks and advantages of using AI [2]. Because of the rise in
enormous amounts of data, discover trends and abnormalities, online criminals and dangers, cybersecurity is a rapidly
and determine whether a cyberattack has been attempted. developing field frequently discussed in the media.
However, there are also possible dangers connected with putting Developments in cryptography and artificial intelligence (AI)
your faith in AI regarding cybersecurity. The existence of approaches may soon make it possible for cybersecurity
prejudice is one of the most serious hazards. Artificial specialists to defend against the constantly shifting danger posed
intelligence systems are only as good as the data they are trained by attackers. This paper investigates the application of artificial
on, and if the data used to train the system is biased, the system intelligence (AI) to enhance cybersecurity solutions. It does so
will reflect that bias. AI systems are only as good as the data by analyzing AI's positive and negative characteristics and
they are taught from. This can lead to artificial intelligence discussing the future research opportunities associated with the
systems that are biased, unjust, or give erroneous findings. For development of AI techniques in the field of cybersecurity [3].
instance, if an AI system is trained on data biased toward a This study investigates the possibilities of enhancing computer
specific population, it may be less accurate when detecting risks security capabilities by accelerating the intelligence gained from
in other demographics. Malicious usage is another potential security systems. It discovered that significant applications
concern. Cybercriminals can use AI algorithms to carry out exist, such as artificial neural networks and other areas of
automated assaults, avoid detection by security measures, or cybersecurity. These applications include perimeter security and
even fabricate information to spread misinformation [5]. artificial neural networks. The widespread use of data for
Because of this, it may become more difficult for enterprises to decision-making and the lack of intelligent call assistance are
protect themselves against cyber threats, which may increase the two examples of the many information security issues now being
number of successful assaults. When it comes to trusting AI for tackled with AI-based methods [4]. In this study, we investigate
cybersecurity, transparency is another issue that must be the possibilities of enhancing computer security capabilities by
addressed. It may be problematic for humans to comprehend the improving the pace at which security system intelligence is
reasoning behind the judgments made by AI systems since these gathered. According to its findings, essential applications are
systems are sometimes convoluted and hard to grasp. currently available, such as artificial neural networks, perimeter
Additionally, a lack of transparency may make it difficult to security, and other areas of cybersecurity. The widespread use
establish how decisions are made, making it difficult to discover of data for decision-making and intelligent call assistance are
and rectify faults or biases in the system. This is because it can only two examples of the many information security issues
make it difficult to tell how decisions are made. To mitigate currently being tackled using AI-based techniques [5]. The
these dangers, it is vital to thoughtfully consider the benefits and relationship that exists between artificial intelligence (AI) and
drawbacks of placing one's confidence in AI when it comes to cybersecurity is the focus of this article. It investigates the
cybersecurity. Organizations should take measures to ensure present study techniques concerning the utilization of AI in the
that AI systems are transparent and easily explicable; they battle against cyber dangers, investigates the counterattacks that
should also ensure that human oversight, input, decision- AI itself may be able to withstand, and expands the current
making, expertise, and training are incorporated; AI systems analysis on the most effective method to construct a safe AI
should be tested and evaluated regularly to ensure that they are framework. In addition, it investigates the concept of artificial
functioning as intended; and organizations should take these intelligence and the many associated sectors, as well as how the
steps. To summarize, putting your faith in AI for cybersecurity field may profit from deploying AI brainpower to update and
has a lot of potential upsides, but it also has some possible improve cybersecurity. In addition, it examines the primary
downsides. It is vital to thoroughly analyze the pros and cons of areas of application of AI that strengthen cybersecurity, such as
AI in cybersecurity to construct more secure and robust systems machine learning, data mining, deep learning, expert systems,
better suited to defend against cyberattacks. This can be done by and so on [6]. The advancement of information technology has
comparing the benefits and drawbacks of investing in AI. made it possible for computers to mimic human behavior and
Organizations can leverage the benefits of AI in their cognitive processes. An extraordinary component of
cybersecurity defenses if they put in place the proper steps to information technology, artificial intelligence (AI) calls for a
reduce the risks connected with artificial intelligence (AI) [6]. computer to behave and function in the same way as a human

Authorized licensed use limited to: Georgia Institute of Technology. Downloaded on January 26,2024 at 06:35:36 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
mind. AI, or artificial intelligence, is based on machines and information security. It has been demonstrated that there is no
uses problem-solving strategies and learning to grasp activities' overarching idea of artificial intelligence in the field of
high degrees of human-inspired aspects, decision-making, and cybersecurity, and it has not been determined what role these
emotional cycles. This research paper aims to evaluate the issues technologies should play. The safety of data and the integrity of
linked to AI in cybersecurity in the United States and provide an networks are among the most important applications of artificial
innovative solution for AI in cybersecurity in the United States intelligence [13]. This research work has reviewed a variety of
[7]. AI in cybersecurity Market strategy assists enterprises in security threats and defensive strategies, as well as open
detecting, reporting, and countering cyber threats to maintain the challenges in the field of cybersecurity. These challenges
confidentiality of information. The rise in both the frequency include intrusion detection, malware detection, and network
and sophistication of cyberattacks is pushing the development anomaly detection systems that use a variety of machine
of AI-enabled cyber systems. Theft of data on an international learning and deep learning algorithms. It was found that the
scale, extreme non-secular cluster interests, political rivalry, and majority of the approaches that were discussed used supervised
other forms of competitiveness drive cybercriminals. In this models, with the RBF-SVM model giving the highest accuracy
study, we discussed some earlier works that include AI and are of 99.90 percent, the DNN (Deep Neural Network) model giving
connected to cybersecurity [8]. The use of artificial intelligence 97.79 percent accuracy, the Seq2Seq (Sequence-to-Sequence)
in the physical world is restricted owing to a lack of model showing 99.90 percent accuracy, and the DBN (Deep
interpretability and accuracy, even though it can potentially put Belief Networks) based model giving 69.77 percent accuracy. In
the cyberworld's worries to rest thanks to explainable AI, which its last section, the article examines the security of 5G networks,
represents a significant step in the right direction toward reliable cyberattacks, and the critical role that the new sectors will play
and predictable AI. This article comprehensively explains the in the future of cybersecurity [14]. This study paper aims to shed
vocabulary, categorization, and scope of explainable artificial light on the idea of artificial intelligence and its disciplines, as
intelligence in cyber security, the obstacles encountered, and the well as how cyber security may benefit from applications of
criteria utilized for evaluation [9]. The concept of "artificial artificial intelligence to develop and improve it. It uses a
intelligence" refers to the practice of programming computers to descriptive-analytical methodology to highlight the necessity of
have intellect comparable to that of humans and the capacity to employing artificial intelligence techniques to enhance
emulate human behavior. It may assist in improving security cybersecurity and highlight the most important fields of
systems, but it also introduces hazards and problems. This study application of artificial intelligence that improve cybersecurity,
paper will assist readers in gaining a better understanding of the such as machine learning, data mining, deep learning, and expert
difficulties, threats, and potential solutions to problems, as well systems [15]. Most currently available cybersecurity solutions
as how new technologies might help improve cybersecurity are based on predetermined signatures, rules, filters, or
while simultaneously accelerating its implementation. In scenarios. Examples include virus or malware definitions,
addition, it provides information on the current work being done firewall rules, intrusion prevention filter playbooks, and SIEM
worldwide as well as the assistance that various businesses playbooks. As a result, algorithms based on artificial
provide [10]. This article explores how artificial intelligence intelligence are now being utilized to detect deviations from a
(AI) may be applied to cybersecurity. It focuses on how artificial subject's usual, programmed behavior and to examine vast
intelligence tools may be utilized in cybersecurity, particularly amounts of data in search of patterns. Cyberattacks have also
in identifying and preventing cybercrime. The purpose of this begun to use artificial intelligence to automate labor-intensive
research work is to show signs of progress made so far in tasks such as analyzing social media and other public
applying AI techniques to cybersecurity, investigate how these information to prioritize targets, evade current techniques,
methods can be a powerful instrument for detecting and generate domains, or perform operations like those performed
avoiding cybercrimes, and provide the scope for future work. by humans. These advancements in the field of cybersecurity
The motivation behind this research work can be summed up as have resulted in the modification of already existing
follows: to show signs of progress made so far in applying AI technologies as well as the development of new trends,
techniques to cybersecurity [11]. Because it can analyze technologies, and products that have the potential to provide an
potential security risks in real time and respond appropriately, alternative form of defense against a threat landscape that is
artificial intelligence has emerged as a critical component of constantly shifting [16]. This program will urge the broader
cyber security in recent years. Artificial intelligence's primary community to focus on the convergence of cybersecurity and
function in cybersecurity is detecting and preventing prospective artificial intelligence education by including a module in an
threats because it can identify patterns and irregularities in user existing undergraduate engineering course [17]. In this article,
behavior and network traffic that may point to a possible new research on the subject of artificial intelligence approaches
cyberattack. AI can also identify potential environmental for cryptocurrencies, including Bitcoin, which is now the most
dangers before they materialize and take preventative measures. widely used cryptocurrency, is discussed. The article reviews
Another important use of AI in cybersecurity is automated and discusses a variety of AI and ML approaches, including
incident response systems. These systems can review data, SVM, ANN, LSTM, and GRU, in addition to a large amount of
detect possible dangers, and then attempt to limit or neutralize relevant research. The application of artificial intelligence in
an attack, thereby reducing damage and interruption. AI in finance is revolutionizing the way people speak about money
cybersecurity is something that companies need to implement if and is assisting the financial industry in streamlining and
they want to safeguard their networks and sensitive data from optimizing various activities, including credit judgments,
ever-evolving internet threats [12]. This article looks at the quantitative analysis, marketing, and economic risk
fundamental aspects of artificial intelligence that ensure management. The primary objective of this study is to

Authorized licensed use limited to: Georgia Institute of Technology. Downloaded on January 26,2024 at 06:35:36 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
investigate the multiple impacts of artificial intelligence in the threats in real-time, as well as improving their overall IAM
modern world, with a particular emphasis on the allure of security posture.
artificial intelligence, the challenges it presents, the
opportunities it affords, and the impact it has on different types • Scalability: Artificial intelligence can be scaled to examine
of work and careers. The expanding Indian banking industry is massive amounts of data and function in real-time, which
an integral part of daily life. This sector comprises several banks, makes it an excellent tool for evaluating big, complicated
such as RBI, SBI, and HDFC; these institutions have digitally data sets and spotting possible risks. Scalability also allows
integrated chatbots, resulting in several client benefits [18]. An AI to operate in parallel with other AI systems. AI may be
adversarial machine learning methodology is presented in this used to study past data and uncover trends that might assist
research. The strategy explains that misclassifications made by in forecasting future cyberattacks. This type of analysis is
data-driven AI models using a negative bias may be expanded known as "predictive analytics." AI can allow companies to
to do more diagnostics and utilized for a more in-depth identify prospective risks and take proactive actions to
examination of systems, achieving a classification accuracy of prevent them from occurring by evaluating data from prior
greater than 95 percent on the datasets used in the studies. The attacks. This may be done by studying data from previous
suggested model may be expanded to conduct more diagnostics assaults.
and utilized for a more in-depth examination of systems, • Automation: Artificial intelligence can automate specific
achieving a classification accuracy of greater than 95 percent on tasks in cybersecurity, such as vulnerability assessments,
the employed datasets [19]. patch management, and incident response. This can help
organizations reduce the workload on their security teams
and improve their overall security posture. Some examples
III. METHODOLOGY of these tasks include vulnerability assessments, patch
management, and incident response. This can also help
Discuss the benefits of utilizing AI in cybersecurity, such as
lessen the chance of human error, a critical component that
its capacity to identify and respond to threats promptly and
can contribute to cybersecurity events. AI may be used to
effectively [1]. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers various benefits
evaluate data from many sources, including threat
in cybersecurity, including the following:
intelligence feeds, social media, and dark web forums, to
• AI algorithms can evaluate enormous amounts of data and identify possible threats in real-time. This type of
uncover patterns and abnormalities that may suggest a information is known as "real-time threat intelligence." This
cyberattack. As a result, threat detection may be may help businesses avoid new risks and react rapidly to
significantly improved with AI. Companies may be better unknown attack vectors, which is essential.
able to recognize threats and respond promptly and
• Cost-Effective: Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential
effectively, therefore mitigating the damage caused by a
to be a cost-effective solution for cybersecurity since it can
cyberattack. AI systems may automate some operations in
automate some operations that, if done manually, would
cybersecurity, such as incident response, which can help
demand many resources. For instance, artificial intelligence
businesses respond to security issues more rapidly and
can automate the analysis of malware, which is often a
efficiently. AI technologies also provide the potential for
laborious and expensive operation that must be carried out
shorter response times. This has the potential to improve the
manually. AI may monitor networks and systems
organization's overall security posture while also lowering
continuously, which can help businesses spot risks in real-
the impact of any security incidents that may occur. AI may
time and respond appropriately. This type of monitoring is
improve an organization's security posture by automating
known as "continuous monitoring." This can help shorten
vulnerability assessments and prioritizing repair operations.
the time between the occurrence of a cyberattack and the
This can lead to an overall improvement in the business's
organization's discovery of the assault and subsequent
security posture. This can be helpful for enterprises in
response to it [3].
identifying vulnerabilities and addressing them before
cybercriminals can exploit them [5]. In conclusion, artificial intelligence has several benefits in
cybersecurity: predictive analytics, automation, real-time threat
• Detection of Fraud: Artificial intelligence may be utilized to information, cost-effectiveness, and continuous monitoring.
detect fraudulent behavior in financial transactions, such as Organizations can construct more efficient and effective
money laundering or credit card fraud. AI algorithms may cybersecurity defenses, which may assist in fighting against a
discover suspicious behavior in transaction data by wider variety of cyber threats, by capitalizing on the benefits of
analyzing patterns and abnormalities. This can help avert artificial intelligence (AI). However, it is also vital to be mindful
financial losses and safeguard individuals and organizations of the possible hazards associated with using AI in
from fraud. cybersecurity, such as bias, malicious usage, and a lack of
• Identity and Access Management: Artificial intelligence can transparency, and to take proper actions to reduce these risks.
make identity and access management (IAM) systems more
effective. AI allows for analyzing user activity and IV. AI-POWERED CYBERSECURITY SOLUTIONS
identifying abnormalities indicating illegal access or a Some examples of effective AI-powered cybersecurity
compromised account. This has the potential to assist solutions are as follows:
companies in detecting and reacting to potential security

Authorized licensed use limited to: Georgia Institute of Technology. Downloaded on January 26,2024 at 06:35:36 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 Darktrace is a cybersecurity system that is powered by in identifying and counteracting various cyber dangers,
artificial intelligence and employs machine learning algorithms including insider threats, malware assaults, and advanced
to detect and respond to cyber threats in real-time. Darktrace is persistent threats (APTs).
also known as "Darktrace." The artificial intelligence (AI)
algorithms developed by Darktrace examine network traffic, V. THE CONS OF TRUSTING AI IN CYBERSECURITY
user behavior, and system activity to spot potential security The Drawbacks of Relying on AI for Computer Security,
flaws and abnormalities. Automating incident response is Discuss the possible benefits and the potential pitfalls of
another capability of Darktrace's AI, which allows businesses to depending on AI in cybersecurity, such as the likelihood of false
react rapidly and effectively to possible dangers. Darktrace's positives and negatives and the misuse of AI by hackers. Relying
capacity to understand the expected behavior of an on AI for cybersecurity comes with both possible benefits and
organization's network and systems over time is one potential risks and downsides. AI-powered cybersecurity
distinguishing characteristic that sets it apart from other network solutions provide various advantages, but there are also potential
monitoring software. Because of this, Darktrace can recognize dangers and drawbacks connected with using AI for
any irregularities or departures from the usual that may point to cybersecurity. The following list some key dangers and
the presence of a possible danger. Darktrace has proven drawbacks:
effective in identifying and responding to various cyber threats,
including insider threats, ransomware attacks, and zero-day AI algorithms are only as good as the data they are trained
vulnerabilities. Cylance is an AI-powered endpoint security on, which can result in false positives and negatives. The
system that uses machine learning algorithms to identify and artificial intelligence program might generate false positives or
prevent malware threats. Cylance developed. Artificial negatives if the training data is inadequate or biased. When an
intelligence algorithms developed by Cylance examine how AI system finds a danger that does not exist, this is an example
files and programs behave on endpoints to spot possible of a false positive. On the other hand, when an AI algorithm fails
malware threats. Cylance's artificial intelligence can also to identify a threat that does exist, this is an example of a false
automate threat remediation, enabling businesses to respond to negative. Both false positives and false negatives can result in
threats promptly and effectively. Cylance's ability to anticipate lost resources, missed threats, and an overall deterioration in the
and thwart new and previously undiscovered forms of malware efficacy of the cybersecurity solution. False positives and
is one of its most distinguishing characteristics. The artificial negatives can also have the opposite impact [8].
intelligence algorithms developed by Cylance can recognize Absence of Transparency: The algorithms used in AI might
possible hazards posed by malware based on the behavior of the be difficult to comprehend because of their complexity. Due to
infection, even if the malware has never been observed before the lack of transparency, it might be difficult for security
[7]. analysts to evaluate the decisions made by the AI algorithm and
Cylance has proven effective in identifying and blocking uncover any flaws or biases inside the system. Because there is
various malware attacks, including sophisticated, persistent a lack of transparency, it might not be easy to comply with legal
threats and zero-day vulnerabilities (APTs). IBM Watson for the obligations like data protection regulations. Cybercriminals may
Defense Against Cyberattacks: IBM Watson for Cybersecurity use AI algorithms to automate assaults, avoid detection, and
is an AI-powered cybersecurity solution that analyzes security fabricate information to further their malicious goals. For
data from various sources using natural language processing and instance, cybercriminals may utilize AI to build deep fakes to
machine learning methods. Based on examining the collected make convincing phishing emails or mimic another person to get
security information, IBM Watson for Cybersecurity can access to confidential data. Artificial intelligence algorithms can
recognize possible dangers and suggest countermeasures to potentially reflect the biases present in the data used to train
address them. The capability of IBM Watson for Cybersecurity them. Suppose the data used for training the AI is biased. In that
to process vast amounts of security data from numerous sources, case, the algorithm may be less accurate in recognizing threats
including security alerts, threat intelligence feeds, and historical against groups, which might result in unjust or discriminatory
data, is a standout characteristic that distinguishes it from other conclusions.
similar products. Additionally, IBM Watson for Cybersecurity Over-Reliance: Unhealthy dependence on the AI's
can respond in natural language to queries posed by security algorithmic processes might give rise to a false sense of safety.
analysts, giving these professionals extra context and insights AI algorithms, even though they can help detect and respond to
into possible dangers. Phishing assaults, ransomware attacks, cyber threats, are not a silver bullet. Organizations must still
and advanced persistent threats (APTs) are examples of have efficient rules, processes, and human skills to manage
cyberattacks successfully identified and neutralized using IBM cybersecurity risks successfully. Assaults Designed to Trick AI
Watson for cybersecurity [9]. Systems Adversarial attacks are specific cyberattacks to trick AI
Consequently, artificial intelligence (AI)-powered algorithms. It is possible to avoid detection with these assaults,
cybersecurity solutions are becoming increasingly relevant as get around security systems, and inflict harm or disruption on an
companies attempt to increase their capability to detect and organization using these methods. Because they are intended to
respond to cyberattacks. Successful AI-powered cybersecurity take advantage of flaws in AI algorithms, adversarial assaults
systems, such as Darktrace, Cylance, and IBM Watson for can be difficult to identify and much more difficult to avoid.
Cybersecurity, analyze security data and identify possible Concerning the privacy and safety of one's data, it should be
threats in real-time by utilizing machine learning algorithms and noted that for AI algorithms to function well, they must have
other AI technologies. These technologies have proven effective access to a significant amount of information. However, it must
be gathered and kept safely to avoid unwanted access or

Authorized licensed use limited to: Georgia Institute of Technology. Downloaded on January 26,2024 at 06:35:36 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
exploitation of this data. Organizations are responsible for possible that, because of this, the AI program may become less
ensuring adequate data privacy and security safeguards when efficient at recognizing and responding to new and emerging
protecting sensitive data from cybercriminals. Implementing dangers. Organizations run the risk of developing a false sense
and maintaining cybersecurity solutions that AI drives might be of security if they place an excessive amount of trust in
prohibitively expensive. Artificial intelligence (AI) use in cybersecurity solutions that are powered by artificial
cybersecurity requires careful consideration of both the costs intelligence (AI). AI algorithms, even though they may assist in
and the benefits, and organizations must ensure that they have detecting and responding to cyber threats, are not a silver bullet
the resources necessary to adopt and maintain these solutions solution and must be used in concert with other security
properly. AI algorithms can automate some jobs in measures to be effective[ 12]. Compliance with Regulations The
cybersecurity; nevertheless, they cannot replace the experience use of artificial intelligence (AI) in cybersecurity may present
of human security analysts. This is because AI algorithms do not challenges in terms of regulatory compliance, particularly in
possess human competence. Businesses must have a highly regulated businesses like the healthcare or financial
knowledgeable cybersecurity team to properly manage sectors. Organizations deploying AI-powered cybersecurity
cybersecurity risks and guarantee that AI-powered cybersecurity solutions must be audited to ensure compliance with applicable
solutions are utilized efficiently. Ethical Considerations The use regulatory standards. Ethical Considerations The use of artificial
of artificial intelligence (AI) in cybersecurity involves several intelligence (AI) in cybersecurity involves several ethical
ethical questions, including the possibility that AI systems could questions, including the possibility that AI systems could make
make judgments that unfairly affect some individuals or groups. judgments that unfairly affect some individuals or groups.
Companies have a responsibility to guarantee that they evaluate Companies have a responsibility to guarantee that they evaluate
the ethical implications of AI in cybersecurity and take the the ethical implications of AI in cybersecurity and take the
proper steps to prevent any possible harm [11]. proper steps to prevent any possible harm. In conclusion, even
though AI-powered cybersecurity solutions provide many
Compliance with Laws and Regulations: The use of AI in advantages, there are also several possible dangers and
cybersecurity may give rise to legal and regulatory compliance downsides associated with depending on AI in cybersecurity.
concerns. For instance, the General Data Protection Regulation These hazards include ethical considerations, human mistakes,
(GDPR) mandates that businesses provide individuals access to a lack of adaptation, a false sense of security, problems with
their stored personal data and explain how that data is being regulatory compliance, and a lack of adaptability. Organizations
utilized. On the other hand, implementing AI algorithms might are responsible for carefully considering these risks and
make providing this degree of control and transparency implementing appropriate mitigation measures. One such
challenging. Dependence on Outside Providers Many AI- measure would be to ensure that AI-powered cybersecurity
powered cybersecurity solutions are offered by outside vendors. solutions are transparent, adaptable, effective, and compliant
This creates a dependency on such outside providers. This might with legal, regulatory, and ethical requirements. In addition,
lead to an unhealthy dependence on these providers, which can businesses need to consider the possible effects of AI on their
be harmful if the vendor suffers a data breach or the vendor's workforce and ensure that they have appropriate policies and
service is stopped [13]. processes to handle these effects [18].
Complexity: Artificial intelligence algorithms can be
difficult to grasp due to their complexity. Because of this, it VI. BALANCING THE PROS AND CONS
might be challenging for security analysts to evaluate the Considering the benefits and drawbacks, Discuss the
judgments produced by the AI algorithm and recognize mistakes significance of striking a balance between putting your faith in
or biases inside the system. Because of this complexity, AI for cybersecurity and retaining human control over
integrating AI-powered cybersecurity solutions into already monitoring and decision-making:
established security systems can be difficult. Scalability is an
issue that may arise when attempting to scale AI-powered Human operators can assist in mitigating the effects of
cybersecurity solutions successfully. It's possible that AI unintended consequences. Solutions to cybersecurity problems
algorithms won't be able to keep up with the increased burden enabled by artificial intelligence may have unforeseen
as the volume of security data continues to grow. This might repercussions that aren't always immediately obvious. Human
result in an increased number of false positive or false negative operators may assist in discovering and mitigating these
results, reducing the efficiency of the cybersecurity solution. implications by, for example, monitoring the system for
Interoperability: There is a possibility that AI-powered unexpected behavior or performing frequent audits to ensure
cybersecurity solutions will not be compatible with previously that the system is working as intended. This can be done in
developed security technology. This might result in difficulties several different ways. AI algorithms may be unable to grasp the
when integrating AI-powered solutions into preexisting security social and cultural environment in which they function, but
infrastructures, which may require the allocation of additional human operators may provide this understanding. Human
resources to solve. Error Produced by Humans Artificial operators can provide this context by, for example, knowing the
intelligence algorithms may be vulnerable to faults caused by motives and aims of possible attackers or the impact a security
human input. For instance, if the training data used to train the breach might have on the company and its stakeholders. AI has
AI algorithm is flawed or biased, this might lead to mistakes in the potential to improve human decision-making. Although
the AI's decision-making. Lack of Adaptability: Artificial humans should always conduct supervision and decision-
intelligence algorithms may be unable to adjust to changes in the making processes, AI may also enhance these capacities. For
threat landscape or an organization's security posture. It is instance, AI algorithms can give suggestions to human
operators, who can make the ultimate choice based on their

Authorized licensed use limited to: Georgia Institute of Technology. Downloaded on January 26,2024 at 06:35:36 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
judgment and experience with the subject matter. Trust is involves collaboration, education, and constant progress.
essential. Trust is essential in any cybersecurity solution, and Organizations can develop effective, ethical, and trustworthy
businesses need to verify that the AI-powered security solutions cybersecurity solutions that guard against attacks while retaining
they implement are trustworthy to avoid vulnerability. This may trust and transparency if they recognize AI's and human
be accomplished by ensuring that the system is open and easy to operators' capabilities and limits.
understand and that ethical monitoring and decision-making
processes are in place to handle problems [17]. Here are some additional considerations to remember when
discussing striking a balance between putting your faith in AI
Understanding the Importance of Working Together: The for cybersecurity and retaining human control over monitoring
various teams and stakeholders must collaborate and and decision-making: Human operators can assist in mitigating
communicate to find the optimal balance between AI and human the effects of unintended consequences. Solutions to
operators. IT specialists, cybersecurity experts, experts in legal cybersecurity problems enabled by artificial intelligence may
and regulatory matters, and business executives may fall into have unforeseen repercussions that aren't always immediately
this category. When enterprises collaborate, they increase their obvious. Human operators may assist in discovering and
chances of producing AI-powered cybersecurity solutions that mitigating these implications by, for example, monitoring the
are effective, ethical, and aligned with their values and system for unexpected behavior or performing frequent audits to
objectives. The importance of training and education ensure that the system is working as intended. This can be done
Organizations are responsible for ensuring their human in several different ways. AI algorithms may be unable to grasp
operators have the appropriate training and education to use and the social and cultural environment in which they function, but
monitor AI-powered cybersecurity solutions effectively. This is human operators may provide this understanding. Human
necessary to strike the right balance between AI and human operators can provide this context by, for example, knowing the
operators, which is one of the goals of achieving the right motives and aims of possible attackers or the impact a security
balance between AI and human operators. This involves having breach might have on the company and its stakeholders. AI has
a grasp of the benefits and drawbacks of artificial intelligence, the potential to improve human decision-making. Although
being able to evaluate the results produced by AI algorithms, and humans should always conduct supervision and decision-
being able to recognize and rectify any potential biases or making processes, AI may also enhance these capacities. For
unforeseen effects. The need for continuous improvement instance, AI algorithms can give suggestions to human
Because the threats to cybersecurity and the technologies used operators, who can make the ultimate choice based on their
to combat them are always evolving, businesses have a judgment and experience with the subject matter. Trust is
responsibility to ensure that the AI-powered cybersecurity essential. Trust is essential in any cybersecurity solution, and
solutions they implement are always getting better at keeping up businesses need to verify that the AI-powered security solutions
with these changes. To do this, the system must be continuously they implement are trustworthy to avoid vulnerability. This may
monitored and evaluated, and the AI algorithms and human be accomplished by ensuring that the system is open, easy to
supervision procedures must undergo constant upgrades and understand, and ethical and that human monitoring and decision-
enhancements. The Importance of Ethical Considerations Using making are in place to handle problems. Understanding the
artificial intelligence (AI) to power cybersecurity solutions Importance of Working Together The various teams and
raises various ethical concerns, including privacy, prejudice, and stakeholders must collaborate and communicate to find the
autonomy. Organizations have a responsibility to ensure that the optimal balance between AI and human operators. IT specialists,
AI-powered cybersecurity solutions they develop and cybersecurity experts, experts in legal and regulatory matters,
implement are done ethically and responsibly and that adequate and business executives may fall into this category. When
precautions are taken to protect the privacy of individuals and enterprises collaborate, they increase their chances of producing
address any potential biases or unintended consequences that AI-powered cybersecurity solutions that are effective, ethical,
may arise. Regulation and standards play an important role. As and aligned with their values and objectives. The importance of
AI-powered cybersecurity solutions become more widespread, training and education Organizations are responsible for
there is a growing need for regulation and standards to ensure ensuring their human operators have the appropriate training and
these solutions are developed and implemented responsibly and education to use and monitor AI-powered cybersecurity
ethically. This can be accomplished by ensuring these solutions solutions effectively. This is necessary to strike the right balance
are developed and implemented according to certain guidelines. between AI and human operators, which is one of the goals of
There is a possibility that governments and industry groups may achieving the right balance between AI and human operators.
need to collaborate to define standards and laws for the creation This involves having a grasp of the benefits and drawbacks of
and application of AI-powered cybersecurity solutions. The artificial intelligence, being able to evaluate the results produced
Significance of Being Able to Adapt The company, the unique by AI algorithms, and being able to recognize and rectify any
security risks they are up against, and the legal framework in potential biases or unforeseen effects. The need for continuous
which they operate all play a role in determining how best to improvement Because the threats to cybersecurity and the
strike a balance between artificial intelligence and human technologies used to combat them are always evolving,
operators. To alter their AI-powered cybersecurity solutions to businesses are responsible for ensuring that the AI-powered
suit evolving demands and requirements, organizations must be cybersecurity solutions they implement are always getting better
flexible, adaptive, and ready to make such adjustments. In at keeping up with these changes. To do this, the system must be
conclusion, achieving the correct balance between preserving continuously monitored and evaluated, and the AI algorithms
human control and decision-making while still trusting AI in and human supervision procedures must undergo constant
cybersecurity is a complicated and continuous process that upgrades and enhancements. The Importance of Ethical

Authorized licensed use limited to: Georgia Institute of Technology. Downloaded on January 26,2024 at 06:35:36 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
Considerations Using artificial intelligence (AI) to power algorithms. The development and application of AI algorithms
cybersecurity solutions raises various ethical concerns, responsibly and ethically can be facilitated with the assistance
including privacy, prejudice, and autonomy. Organizations have of these recommendations. Diverse Data Sources: Organizations
a responsibility to ensure that the AI-powered cybersecurity can employ various data sources to guarantee that AI algorithms
solutions they develop and implement are done so ethically and are trained on a sample of data sufficiently representative of the
responsibly and that adequate precautions are taken to protect whole. This can help prevent bias caused by insufficient
the privacy of individuals and address any potential biases or diversity in the training data. Cleaning the Data To rid the
unintended consequences that may arise. Regulation and training data of errors or biases, companies can utilize several
standards play an important role. As AI-powered cybersecurity procedures under "data cleaning." This might entail eliminating
solutions become more widespread, there is a growing need for outliers, locating and fixing mistakes, and making sure that the
regulation and standards to ensure these solutions are developed data is representative of the population that is ensuring that the
and implemented responsibly and ethically. This can be data represents the people being researched. Validation:
accomplished by ensuring these solutions are developed and Companies and other organizations can check the training data's
implemented according to certain guidelines. There is a accuracy to ensure it is free of bias. Examining the data for any
possibility that governments and industry groups may need to trends or outliers that can point to discrimination is one possible
collaborate to define standards and laws for the creation and step in this process. Review frequently: Companies should
application of AI-powered cybersecurity solutions. The conduct studies regularly to ensure objective training data. In
Significance of Being Able to Adapt The company, the unique this context, "monitoring the data" might mean looking for any
security risks they are up against, and the legal framework in shifts or patterns pointing to bias, and "taking appropriate
which they operate all play a role in determining how best to action" can refer to responding to any instances of
strike a balance between artificial intelligence and human discrimination discovered. Diversity on the Team: Companies
operators. To alter their AI-powered cybersecurity solutions to should make it a priority to guarantee that the group of people
suit evolving demands and requirements, organizations must be responsible for creating and executing AI algorithms is varied
flexible, adaptive, and ready to make such adjustments. In and includes a variety of points of view. Because of this, there
conclusion, achieving the correct balance between preserving is less chance for bias to be introduced into the design process.
human control and decision-making while still trusting AI in Ethical Rules: Organizations can develop ethical guidelines for
cybersecurity is a complicated process involving collaboration, creating and using artificial intelligence algorithms. The
education, and constant progress. Organizations can develop development and application of AI algorithms responsibly and
effective, ethical, and trustworthy cybersecurity solutions that ethically can be facilitated with the assistance of these
guard against attacks while retaining trust and transparency if recommendations.
they recognize AI's and human operators' capabilities and limits.
VII. CONCLUSION REFERENCES
Organizations can take several measures to ensure that AI [1] N. Kshetri, “Economics of Artificial Intelligence in Cybersecurity,” IT
algorithms are trained on unbiased data. The following are some Professional, vol. 23, no. 5. pp. 73–77, 2021. doi:
10.1109/MITP.2021.3100177.
of the steps businesses may take to guarantee that artificial
[2] R. Calderon, “The benefits of Artificial Intelligence in Cybersecurity,”
intelligence algorithms are trained on impartial data: Diverse Econ. Crime Forensics Capstones., vol. 36, pp. 1–19, 2019, doi: null.
Data Sources: Organizations can employ a variety of data [3] S. Zeadally, E. Adi, Z. Baig, and I. A. Khan, “SPECIAL SECTION ON
sources to ensure that AI algorithms are trained on a sample of ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CYBERSECURITY Harnessing
data that is sufficiently representative of the whole. This can Artificial Intelligence Capabilities to Improve Cybersecurity,” Spec. Sect.
help prevent bias caused by insufficient diversity in the training Artif. Intell. CYBERSECURITY, vol. 8, pp. 23817–23837, 2020, doi:
data. Cleaning the Data To rid the training data of errors or null.
biases, companies can utilize several procedures under "data [4] R. Gonzalez, “Artificial Intelligence in Cybersecurity,” Am. J. Rising
Sch. Act., vol. 1, no. 1, 2022, doi: 10.7771/2692-4161.1005.
cleaning." This might entail eliminating outliers, locating and
fixing mistakes, and ensuring that the data represents the [5] T. Martin, “On the Need for Collaborative Intelligence in Cybersecurity,”
Electron., vol. 11, no. 13, 2022, doi: 10.3390/electronics11132067.
population being researched. Validation: Companies and other
[6] P. K. Donepudi, “Crossing Point of Artificial Intelligence in
organizations can check the training data's accuracy to ensure it Cybersecurity,” Am. J. Trade Policy, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 121–128, 2015,
is free of bias. Examining the data for any trends or outliers that doi: 10.18034/ajtp.v2i3.493.
can point to bias is one possible step in this process. Review [7] V. D. Soni, “Challenges and Solution for Artificial Intelligence in
frequently: Companies should conduct studies regularly to Cybersecurity of the USA,” SSRN Electron. J., 2020, doi:
ensure objective training data. In this context, "monitoring the 10.2139/ssrn.3624487.
data" might mean looking for any shifts or patterns pointing to [8] F. Tao, M. Akhtar, and Z. Jiayuan, “The future of Artificial Intelligence
bias, and "taking appropriate action" can refer to responding to in Cybersecurity: A Comprehensive Survey,” EAI Endorsed Trans. Creat.
Technol., vol. 8, no. 28, p. 170285, 2021, doi: 10.4108/eai.7-7-
any instances of discrimination discovered. Diversity on the 2021.170285.
Team: Companies should make it a priority to guarantee that the
[9] S. Hariharan, A. Velicheti, A. S. Anagha, C. Thomas, and N.
group of people responsible for creating and executing AI Balakrishnan, “Explainable Artificial Intelligence in Cybersecurity: A
algorithms is varied and includes a variety of points of view. Brief Review,” in Proceedings of the 4th ISEA International Conference
Because of this, there is less chance for bias to be introduced into on Security and Privacy, ISEA-ISAP 2021, 2021. doi: 10.1109/ISEA-
the design process. Ethical Rules: Organizations can develop ISAP54304.2021.9689765.
ethical guidelines for creating and using artificial intelligence

Authorized licensed use limited to: Georgia Institute of Technology. Downloaded on January 26,2024 at 06:35:36 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
[10] F. Charmet et al., “Explainable artificial intelligence for cybersecurity: a
literature survey,” Ann. des Telecommun. Telecommun., vol. 77, no. 11–
12, pp. 789–812, 2022, doi: 10.1007/s12243-022-00926-7.
[11] A. Noor, T. Nafis, S. Wazir, and M. Sarfraz, “Impact Of Artificial
Intelligence In Robust & Secure Cybersecurity Systems: A Review,”
SSRN Electron. J., 2021, doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3834207.
[12] M. Rizvi, “Enhancing cybersecurity: The power of artificial intelligence
in threat detection and prevention,” Int. J. Adv. Eng. Res. Sci., 2023, doi:
10.22161/ijaers.105.8.
[13] V. A. Savchenko and O. D. Shapovalenko, “The main areas of artificial
intelligence technologies in cybersecurity,” Mod. Inf. Secur., vol. 44, no.
4, 2020, doi: 10.31673/2409-7292.2020.040611.
[14] H. Chaudhary, A. Detroja, P. Prajapati, and P. Shah, “A review of various
challenges in cybersecurity using artificial intelligence,” in Proceedings
of the 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Sustainable Systems,
ICISS 2020, 2020, pp. 829–836. doi:
10.1109/ICISS49785.2020.9316003.
[15] T. Abrham, S. Kaddoura, and H. Al Breiki, “Artificial Intelligence
Applications in Cybersecurity,” in null, 2023, pp. 179–205. doi:
10.4018/978-1-6684-6937-8.ch009.
[16] C. Cucu, G. Gavrioloaia, R. Bologa, and M. Cazacu, “Current
technologies and trends in cybersecurity and the impact of artificial
intelligence,” in eLearning and Software for Education Conference, 2019,
pp. 208–214. doi: 10.12753/2066-026X-19-099.
[17] F. Farahmand, “Integrating Cybersecurity and Artificial Intelligence
Research in Engineering and Computer Science Education,” IEEE Secur.
Priv., vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 104–110, 2021, doi:
10.1109/MSEC.2021.3103460.
[18] T. Choithani, A. Chowdhury, S. Patel, P. Patel, D. Patel, and M. Shah, “A
Comprehensive Study of Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity on
Bitcoin, Crypto Currency and Banking System,” Annals of Data Science.
2022. doi: 10.1007/s40745-022-00433-5.
[19] D. K. Sharma, J. Mishra, A. Singh, R. Govil, G. Srivastava, and J. C. W.
Lin, “Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Cybersecurity,” Comput.
Electr. Eng., vol. 103, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.compeleceng.2022.108356.

Authorized licensed use limited to: Georgia Institute of Technology. Downloaded on January 26,2024 at 06:35:36 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

View publication stats