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Antipsychotics

The document provides a comprehensive overview of antipsychotic drugs, including their classification, mechanisms of action, pharmacological effects, therapeutic uses, and side effects. It details various types of antipsychotics such as Phenothiazines and Atypical antipsychotics, and emphasizes the importance of monitoring side effects and proper administration by nurses. Additionally, it discusses the role of neurotransmitters in psychosis and outlines the responsibilities of healthcare professionals in managing treatment.

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Omkar Kurade
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8 views5 pages

Antipsychotics

The document provides a comprehensive overview of antipsychotic drugs, including their classification, mechanisms of action, pharmacological effects, therapeutic uses, and side effects. It details various types of antipsychotics such as Phenothiazines and Atypical antipsychotics, and emphasizes the importance of monitoring side effects and proper administration by nurses. Additionally, it discusses the role of neurotransmitters in psychosis and outlines the responsibilities of healthcare professionals in managing treatment.

Uploaded by

Omkar Kurade
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LONG ESSAY ( 10 MARKS )

DRUGS ACTING ON NERVOUS SYSTEM

Q9. Classify Anti-psychotics. Explain the actions and adverse effects of


antipsychotics.

 HEADINGS

1. Introduction

2. Meaning

3. Action / 2 Examples

4. Pharmacological actions

5. Mechanism of action

6. 6.Dose , Route

7. Pharmacokinetics

8. Side effects

9. Therapeutic Uses

10.Contra –Indications

11.Nurse’s Responsibility

INTRODUCTION

 Anti-Psychotics are drugs used for the treatment of mental problems or


psychosis.

 Psychosis means loss of contact from reality .

 Its also called as Tranquilizers or Neuroleptics .


MEANING

Antipsychotics are drugs used for the mental disorders or Psychosis since they
reduce agitation and disturbed behavior seen in schizophrenia .

CLASSIFICATION

1.Phenothiazines : Chlorpromazine, Triflupromazine

2.Butyrophenones : Haloperidol, Trifluperidol

3.Thioxanthones : Chlorprothixene

4.Other Heterocyclics : Pimozide , Loxapine

5.Atypical antipsychotics : Clazapine, Risperidone, Olanzepine

CAUSE FOR PSYCHOSIS

 The cause for Psychosis is due to the increased levels of Dopamine


( Neurotransmitter) in the brain .

 Neurotransmitters are the chemical substances that sends messages to the


brain .

 Neuro-transmitters such as Dopamine , Serotonin , Noradrenaline ,


Acetylcholine , GABA ( Gamma Amino Butyric Acid ) .

ACTION

Dopamine receptor BLOCKERS

( Anti-Psychotic drugs blocks the dopamine receptors in the brain that reduces
Psychosis .)

MECHANISM OF ACTION

It blocks D2 Dopamine receptors in the brain, that accounts for the antipsychotic
effect ( Psychosis ) .
PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS

I.CNS :

 Reduce Anxiety, Psychomotor activity, decreased initiative, Emotional


quietening ,

 Decreased anxiety , aggressiveness , hallucinations & delusions are


suppressed .

II. Antiemetic action : Chlorpromazine is a powerful antiemetic effect by


depressing CTZ in the brain .

III.CVS : Chlorpromazine has a hypotensive, myocardial depressant and anti-


fibrillatory effect

IV. ANS (Automatic Nervous System) : Chlorpromazine has alpha adrenergic


blocking effect

V. Endocrine system : In females, Chlorpromazine produces inhibition of


ovulation, amenorrhea and lactation. In males, it produces loss of libido.

V. Skeletal muscle : Neuroleptics reduce spasticity of muscles hence called


muscle relaxant .

VI. Miscellaneous actions :

 Inhibition of Hiccough

 Local anesthetic effect

THERAPEUTIC USES

 For treatment of psychosis / Schizophrenia

 To control aggressiveness in children

 As an antiemetic

 Anxiety
 Tetanus as skeletal muscle relaxant.

 Treatment of hiccough

 For pre-anesthetic medication

DOSE & ROUTE

 T. Chlorpromazine 300 – 1500 mg oral BD

 Inj. Chlorpromazine 25 – 50 mg IM OD

 T. Haloperidol 1.5 mg to 4.5 mg three times a day .

PHARMACOKINETICS

 Absorption : Well absorbed after Oral & Parenteral administration

 Distribution : Distributed to all body parts

 Metabolism : Metabolised by the liver

 Excretion : Excreted through urine

SIDE EFFECTS

 CNS effects like drowsiness, excitement, psychotic reaction, confusion and


parkinsonism

 ANS effects like blurred vision, tachycardia, constipation

 Extrapyramidal symptoms like Tremor, muscular rigidity

 Hemopoietic effects like Agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia

 Endocrine effects like Gynaecomastia, menstrual problems

 Intolerance effects like Skin rashes, dermatitis .


CONTRA – INDICATIONS

 Hypersensitivity

 CNS depression

NURSES RESPONSIBILITY

 Nurse should check written order of doctor

 Follow the rights of drug administration

 Administration of drug with other nurse

 Observe for any side effects

 Inform doctor immediately, if any side effects

 Check expiry date of drug, before administration .

 Store drugs properly

 Wear gloves, while administering medicines

 Inform to the patient about action of drug, uses, doses etc

 Inform patient about time of drug administration

 Follow the aseptic technique during procedure .

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