Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)

UNIT-1
Software Object Architecture (SOA) is a design approach that aims to design software components.
Each service in SOA encapsulates a specific business logic, making reusable, scalable, and provide
logic to solve large problems through better construction, implementation, and management of
interoperable services across different systems. It involves breaking down applications into
modular, self-contained services that communicate with each other over a network.

Service:

• A self-contained unit of functionality.

• Performs a specific business task.
• Accessible over a network.

• Encapsulation:

• Each service hides its internal implementation details.

• Exposes a well-defined interface.

• Context:

• Represents the scope within which a service operates.

• Includes business tasks, business entities, and business groups.

Fundamentals of SOA:
The various kinds of fundamentals of SOA as:
❖ Service oriented analogy: - The services are typically independent of the underlying
technology and can be combined to create new applications or functions. For example, we
can take cosmopolitan cities, which already have business services. Individual companies
are service-oriented and provide services to multiple consumers. Collectively, these
businesses provide services, forming a business community. A business community does
not provide single services; it establishes an outlet and makes it an environment to distribute
services.

❖ How the services are encapsulating a logic: - All the services are retained and
independence which was encapsulate the logic based on context. A context represents
business task, business entities and business group. To concern a service must be applicable
either small/large size, shapewhich defines a logic must varying service oriented.
• Business Task: Each service is designed to handle a specific business task. For instance,
an order processing service might handle tasks such as creating orders, updating orders,
and tracking orders.
• Business Entities: Services manage business entities relevant to their tasks. For
example, a customer management service might handle customer profiles, addresses, and
payment information.
• Business Groups: Services can be grouped based on business domains or departments.
For example, services related to finance, human resources, or logistics.
 Fig. Services Oriented Architecture

❖ How the services are related: - All services are related to one another, forming a network.
A relationship between services requires mutual understanding and interaction with each
other's services. If awareness must be achieved, then it is called service.

Fig. Service B communicates with Service A through the access description and
information.
❖ How the services communicate: - Sending a message means relinquishing control over
what has transpired. All messages are independent units of communication. We refer to all
messages as autonomous because they define services. All messages are equipped with
self-governance as part of their processing logic, and they possess sufficient intelligence
about the services they describe. A message also defines a service, which consists of a of a
service description and communication via a message, which then forms the architecture.
 Fig.: Services send messages via an independent communication unit.

❖ How the services are designed: -

The various principles to design a service as follows
• Loose Coupling: All services adhere to the service descriptions, minimizing their
dependencies and maintaining awareness of those related to the document.
• Service Contract: All services adhere to a communication agreement, and one or more
service descriptions are maintained.
• Autonomous: It encapsulates the logic and requires control over all services.
• Abstraction: All services must be described, but they hide the logic from the outside.
• Reusability: All logic must be divided into services. The intention is to reuse those
services.
• Composability: All the services are coordinated and associated; those services are
composable.
• Statefulness: All services must retain the information that follows some specific
activity.
• Discoverability: All services are designed, which was founded, and it makes us
discoverable.

❖ How the services are built: -

All the services, service models, and service architecture that were communicated through
technology as Web services. This technology isn’t suitable for other sectors.

❖ How the services are primitive type

All services are based on baseline technology, which accepts individual ingredients of
services with the help of the current major vendor platform. This platform will expand all
primitive service models.
SOA is a middle ware solution and is a architecture not a technology which most IT giants used to
handle their enterprise more efficiently and in more agile way. SOA makes 2 or more systems or
applications to communicate each other.

Common Characteristics of Contemporary of SOA:

Contemporary of SOA represents an open [ WSDL, SOAP, RUST protocols], extensible,
federated, composable architecture that promotes service-orientation and is comprised of
autonomous, QOS-enable, vendor-diverse, inter operable, discoverable and potentially reusable
services, implemented as web services.
Numerous trends must be followed to build service-oriented architecture. All software
vendors use web services to provide better XML performance. A web service must support current
technology platforms. The outcome of this extended Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is what
we call contemporary SOA. A SOA contemporary is a period of long-term services that support
technologies with original ideals.
⮚ Most common characteristics of Contemporary of SOA as follows:

1. Contemporary of SOA is Service Oriented Computing Platform it iscore state:

⮚ In Past, to identify distinct applications to carry the architecture and
it is applicable client-server and entire architecture.
⮚ It is also classifying a tool, administration infrastructure and application
architecture.
⮚ A Contemporary of SOA in architecture promotes Service
Orientation with a web services.

2. Contemporary of SOA increases the quality:

⮚ Ability to carry secure, permittable and notification of services.
⮚ Ability to carry delivered, reliable and executable services.
⮚ Ability to carry the task, it provides the requirements of services based on
messages SOAP, XML which will executable logical services.
⮚ Ability to carry out transactional requirements based on business
services which will encapsulate the logical services.

3.Contemporary of SOA with fundamental Autonomous:

⮚ It represents the application framework is autonomy which will provide
throughput solutions of an environment based on enterprise.

4.Contemporary of SOA Provides base standards:

⮚ It represents all Standard Technologies such as SOAP, WSDL, XML, XML
Schema.
⮚ The above standard technologies must provide the agreement of communication
moreover a knowledge which follows service descriptions.

Fig. Standard technologies communicate outside service solutions

5.Contemporary of SOA Support Vendor Diversity:
⮚ To open all communication framework is the significance which wasaccepted
heterogeneous cooperations.

⮚ open communication framework, which was implemented in organizations

with deep-breed enterprise applications.

Fig. Platforms not prevent service orientation but communication

6.Contemporary of SOA Promotes Discovery:

⮚ The first generation of Web services is UDDI.
⮚ A Common user must Registered the web services with the help ofservice
description.
⮚ A UDDI defines Universal Description Discovery Integration ofServices.

Fig: Register the Services based pointer discovery

7.Contemporary of SOA foster intrinsic Interoperability:

⮚ This Characteristic represents to collect standards diversities and
discoveries of services.
⮚ The intrinsic interoperability is also representing exchange theinformation
from all services.
⮚ It is also representing Unforeseen opportunities of exchangeable
services.
 Fig: Interoperable Services are providing opportunities

8. Contemporary of SOA Promotes Federation:

⮚ This Characteristic represents extendable standardized for enterpriseservices.

⮚ All enterprise services are communication framework which was
standardized and emphasized.
⮚ All Standardized enterprise services are provided legacy and non-legacy
environmental of services.

Fig: Enterprise enable Legacy and Non-Legacy services

9. Contemporary of SOA Promotes Architectural Composability:

⮚ This Characteristic represents to compose the services based onflexible
and reliable.
⮚ All composable services must be extendable, those extendableservices are
supporting business purposes.
⮚ All Composable services are extendable, reliable messaging, policy,addressing,
coordination and atomic transaction.
 Fig: Different Composable Services into different Extensions
10. Contemporary of SOA foster inherent reusability:
11.Contemporary of SOA emphasize extensibility.
12.Contemporary of SOA implement different levels of abstraction.
13. Contemporary of SOA Service Oriented Computing paradigms.
14. Contemporary of SOA with loosely Coupling enterprise.
15. Contemporary of SOA with Organizational agility.
16. Contemporary of SOA with Building Block.

17. Contemporary of SOA based on Evolution.

18. Contemporary of SOA still Maturing.
19. Contemporary of SOA to Achieve Goals.

Common Tangible benefits of SOA

● A Tangible represents clear, what constitutes of Service Oriented Architecture.
● Nowadays, the IT industry to change philosophy and technology which was adopt a
part of an SOA.
● How the services are improvement based on Automation solution construction. How
the services are proliferation with the help of service orientation and it occurs concern
the whole enterprise.

❖ A Tangible benefits of SOA as follows:

1. Improve Integration:

• This benefit represents a SOA result of developing interoperable solutions.

• Utilizing interoperable services involves a path of service-oriented integration
and service-oriented integration.
• Cross-platform integration significantly reduces the cost and effort.
2. Inherent Reuse:
This benefit represents to design of services. Those services are inherently reuse. All
designable services to get and goes opportunities increasingly with the help of leverage
existing automation logic.
3. Streamline Architecture and Solutions:
This benefit represents a fundamental component of a service-oriented approach. To
collect the services when an arbitrary aggregate of those services is reached. Architecture
and integration make up a web service.

4. Leverage and Legacy investment:

This benefit encompasses all web services that support larger technologies. To access this
benefit, a user must invest in a cooperative organization, which requires an agreement
between the web services provider and the cooperative organization. A federation is an
enterprise, and it supports entrepreneurs in providing individual services.

5. Establishment standardized XML data representation:

• XML is a fundamental part of building SOA

• XML documents and XML perform tasks like encapsulating SOAP messages to
transport applications and their components, a process known as standardizing data.
• All standardized data representations will communicate with the architecture,
analysts and developers.
• All standardized data representation is under ground work of inter operatable
services.

6. Focused investment on communication infrastructure:

• A web service plays a pivotal role in communication.

• A web service is also defined to communicate inter application services and intra
application services. All services encourage developers, and architects tend to
concentrate on investing in them.

7. Best of Breed alternative:

• Now-a- days, there is pressure on all corporate sectors to update their platforms.
• All developers received acceptance to make a trend in technology because of
corporate business.

8. Organizational Agility:

• Agility defines and provides quality.

• Agility is also measured in terms of algorithms, software projects, platforms, and
processes.
• All agility elements must demonstrate service construction, positioning, and
leveraging.
SOA Time Line

• A timeline illustrates the progression from XML (Extensible Markup Language) to WS

(Web Service).
• A timeline outlines the industry's development and illustrates how it evolved into the
current platform.

XML Brief History:

• XML is part of HTML, and XML is an extensible markup language controlled by the
W3C (World Wide Web Consortium).
• XML is the process of Standard Generalized Markup Language SGML) and it was
proposed early in 1990’s.

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