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UNIT 1pm

A project is a temporary endeavor aimed at delivering a unique product, service, or result, with defined start and end points. Projects can be classified based on nature, size, and ownership, and effective project management is crucial for balancing time, cost, and quality throughout the project life cycle. Key concepts include project priorities defined by scope, cost, and time, as well as the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) for organizing tasks.

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9 views4 pages

UNIT 1pm

A project is a temporary endeavor aimed at delivering a unique product, service, or result, with defined start and end points. Projects can be classified based on nature, size, and ownership, and effective project management is crucial for balancing time, cost, and quality throughout the project life cycle. Key concepts include project priorities defined by scope, cost, and time, as well as the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) for organizing tasks.

Uploaded by

kavita.jatav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT-I: Concept of a Project

1.1 Introduction to Project

Ek Project ek temporary endeavor hota hai jo ek unique product, service ya result deliver karne ke liye
initiate kiya jata hai. Har project ka ek defined start aur end hota hai aur ye specific objectives achieve
karne ke liye plan kiya jata hai.

1.2 Classification of Projects

Projects ko different categories me classify kiya ja sakta hai:

A. Based on Nature of Work:

1. Construction Projects – Buildings, bridges, roads, etc.

2. Manufacturing Projects – New product development, production setup.

3. IT Projects – Software development, application migration.

4. Research & Development Projects – Scientific research, new technology innovation.

B. Based on Size and Scale:

1. Small-scale Projects – Limited scope, budget, and resources.

2. Large-scale Projects – High budget, multiple stakeholders, long duration.

3. Mega Projects – Infrastructure projects like airports, metros, highways.

C. Based on Ownership:

1. Public Projects – Government-funded (e.g., railway projects, public hospitals).

2. Private Projects – Privately funded (e.g., corporate office buildings, private hospitals).

3. Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Projects – Joint collaboration between government and private
firms (e.g., toll roads, airports).

1.3 Importance of Project Management

Project Management ek systematic approach hai jo time, cost, scope aur quality ko balance karta hai
taki project successfully complete ho sake. Iska importance:

✅ Resource Optimization – Available resources ka best utilization. ✅ Risk Management – Project failures
ko minimize karna. ✅ Timely Completion – Deadlines maintain karna. ✅ Cost Control – Budget ke andar
project complete karna. ✅ Stakeholder Satisfaction – Customer aur business objectives fulfill karna.

1.4 The Project Life Cycle


Har project ka ek lifecycle hota hai jisme alag-alag phases hote hain:

1️⃣Initiation:

 Project ka idea generate hota hai.

 Feasibility study hoti hai.

 Project objectives define hote hain.

2️⃣Planning:

 Detailed project roadmap banta hai.

 Cost, timeline, and resources define hote hain.

 Risk analysis aur mitigation strategies develop hoti hain.

3️⃣Execution:

 Project implementation start hoti hai.

 Teams assign ki jati hain.

 Monitoring aur reporting hoti hai.

4️⃣Monitoring & Controlling:

 Project ke progress ko track kiya jata hai.

 Budget aur timeline adherence check hota hai.

 Risks aur issues handle kiye jate hain.

5️⃣Closure:

 Project deliverables handover kiye jate hain.

 Documentation aur post-project review hota hai.

1.5 Establishing Project Priorities (Scope-Cost-Time)

Har project ke teen key constraints hote hain jise Project Management Triangle bhi kaha jata hai:

📌 Scope: Kya-kya deliverables project me include honge? 📌 Cost: Kitna budget allocate kiya gaya hai? 📌
Time: Project complete hone ka expected timeline kya hai?

Agar ek constraint badhta hai to doosre constraints pe impact aata hai. Example: ✅ Agar scope badhta
hai to cost aur time bhi badh sakta hai. ✅ Agar cost kam karna hai to scope ya time adjust karna padega.
✅ Agar time kam hai to ya to cost badhegi ya scope reduce hoga.
1.6 Project Priority Matrix

Project ki priorities define karne ke liye Priority Matrix ka use kiya jata hai. Ye ek decision-making tool
hai jo batata hai ki project ke kis element ko trade-off kar sakte hain aur kis element ko strictly maintain
karna hai.

Priority Scope Cost Time

Fixed ✅ 🔄 🔄

Flexible 🔄 ✅ 🔄

Optimized 🔄 🔄 ✅

✅ Fixed: Ye constraint change nahi hoga. 🔄 Flexible: Ye constraint adjust kiya ja sakta hai.

Example:

 Software Development Project: Scope fixed hota hai, cost aur time adjust ho sakte hain.

 Event Planning: Time fixed hota hai, scope aur cost adjust ho sakte hain.

 Manufacturing: Cost fixed hota hai, scope aur time adjust ho sakte hain.

1.7 Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

WBS ek technique hai jo project ko small, manageable tasks me divide karta hai. Isse project ko
efficiently plan aur execute kiya jata hai.

Features of WBS:

✅ Hierarchical Structure: Project ko different levels me breakdown karta hai. ✅ Task Assignments:
Responsibilities clear hoti hain. ✅ Better Estimation: Time aur cost estimate karna easy hota hai. ✅
Monitoring & Tracking: Progress track karna convenient hota hai.

Example of WBS:

Agar ek Mobile App Development Project ka WBS banaye to wo kuch is tarah hoga:

📌 Level 1: Mobile App Development

 Level 2: UI/UX Design, Backend Development, Testing, Deployment

 Level 3 (UI/UX Design): Wireframing, Prototyping, Final Design

 Level 3 (Backend): API Development, Database Setup, Security Implementation

 Level 3 (Testing): Unit Testing, Integration Testing, User Acceptance Testing


✅ Summary: 1️⃣Projects ko different categories me classify kiya jata hai. 2️⃣Project Management ke bina
time, cost aur quality maintain karna mushkil hota hai. 3️⃣Har project ek defined life cycle follow karta
hai jo Initiation se Closure tak jata hai. 4️⃣Scope, Cost aur Time project priorities define karte hain. 5️⃣
Work Breakdown Structure se project ko small, manageable tasks me divide kiya jata hai.

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