To create database driven business applications

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models and the Java.Sql package

Mr. Nilesh Patil

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Think of a database as just another device connected to
your computer

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Like other devices it has a driver program to relieves you
of having to do low level programming to use the

Mr. Nilesh Patil

database
The driver provides you with a high level API to the
database

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Open Data Base Connectivity
Developed by Microsoft for the Windows

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platform as the way for Windows applications to
access Microsoft databases (SQL Server, FoxPro,

Mr. Nilesh Patil

Access)
Has become an industry standard
Most data base vendors supply native, ODBC,
and JDBC drivers for their data base products .
It was developed in C programming.
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It is low level, high performance interface that is
designed specially for relational data stores.
JDBC drivers implement the defined interfaces in
the JDBC API for interacting with your database

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server.
Package: java.sql

Mr. Nilesh Patil

JDBC drivers enable you to open database
connections and to interact with it by sending
SQL or database commands then receiving
results with Java.

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JDBC is a Java API that is used to
connect and execute query for the

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database.
JDBC API uses jdbc drivers to connects

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to the database.

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 Java
Application

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JDBC API

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Data Base Drivers

Access SQL DB2 Inform MySQ Sybase

ix L
Server

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JDBC driver implementation vary because of wide variety of
OS, hardware, databases in which Java operates. It divides into
4 types:

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Type 1

Mr. Nilesh Patil

JDBC-ODBC Bridge
Type 2
Native API, partially java
Type 3
JDBC Network Driver, partially java
Type 4
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100% Java
The JDBC-ODBC bridge driver uses ODBC driver
to connect to the database.

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The JDBC-ODBC bridge driver converts JDBC

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method calls into the ODBC function calls.

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Advantages:
easy to use.

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can be easily connected to any database.
Disadvantages:

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Performance degraded because JDBC method call
is converted into the ODBC function calls.
The ODBC driver needs to be installed on the
client machine.

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The Native API driver uses the client-side

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libraries of the database.

Mr. Nilesh Patil

The driver converts JDBC method calls into
native (c/c++ API) calls of the database API.

If we change database, we have to change native

API. 12
It is not written entirely in java.
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Advantage:
performance upgraded than JDBC-ODBC bridge driver.

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Disadvantage:
The Native driver needs to be installed on the

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each client machine.
The Vendor client library needs to be installed on
client machine.

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The Network Protocol driver uses middleware
(application server) that converts JDBC calls

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directly or indirectly into the vendor-specific
database protocol.

Mr. Nilesh Patil

It is fully written in java.

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Advantage:
No client side library is required because of

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application server that can perform many tasks
like auditing, load balancing, logging etc.

Mr. Nilesh Patil

Disadvantages:
Network support is required on client machine.
Requires database-specific coding to be done in
the middle tier.
Maintenance of Network Protocol driver becomes
costly because it requires database-specific coding
to be done in the middle tier. 17
The thin driver converts JDBC calls directly into

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the vendor-specific database protocol. That is
why it is known as thin driver.

Mr. Nilesh Patil

It is fully written in Java language.

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Advantage:
Better performance than all other drivers.

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No software is required at client side or server
side.

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Disadvantage:
Drivers depends on the Database.

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If you are accessing one type of database, such as Oracle,
Sybase, or IBM, the preferred driver type is 4.

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If your Java application is accessing multiple types of
databases at the same time, type 3 is the preferred

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driver.
Type 2 drivers are useful in situations, where a type 3 or
type 4 driver is not available yet for your database.
The type 1 driver is not considered a deployment-level
driver, and is typically used for development and testing
prposes only.
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Register the driver class
Creating connection

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Creating statement

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Executing queries
Closing connection

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The forName() method of Class class is
used to register the driver class.

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This method is used to dynamically load

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the driver class.

public static void forName(String className)throws

ClassNotFoundException

Example 23
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
The getConnection() method of DriverManager class
is used to establish connection with the database.

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Syntax:
1) public static Connection getConnection(String url)th

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rows SQLException
2) public static Connection getConnection(String url,St
ring name,String password) throws SQLException
Example
Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:o
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racle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe","system","password");
The createStatement() method of Connection
interface is used to create statement.

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The object of statement is responsible to execute
queries with the database.

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Syntax:
public Statement createStatement()throws SQLExc
eption
Ex:
Statement stmt=con.createStatement(); 25
 The executeQuery() method of Statement interface is
used to execute queries to the database.
This method returns the object of ResultSet that can be

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used to get all the records of a table.
Syntax:

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public ResultSet executeQuery(String sql)throws SQLEx
ception
Ex:
ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery("select * from emp");
while(rs.next()){
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System.out.println(rs.getInt(1)+" "+rs.getString(2));
}
By closing connection object statement and
ResultSet will be closed automatically.
The close() method of Connection interface is used

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to close the connection.
public void close()throws SQLException

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Ex:
con.close();

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ResultSet interface: oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleResultSetImpl
Statement: oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CStatement
Connection: oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CConnection

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PreparedStatement: oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CPreparedStatement

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Two tire architecture
Three tire architecture

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It is mainly used to execute queries.
Few methods of Statement interface:
public ResultSet executeQuery(String sql)

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Used to execute select query.

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public int executeUpdate(String sql)
Used to execute create, insert, update, delete or drop etc
public boolean execute(String sql)
Executes the given SQL statement, which may return multiple results.
public int [] executeBatch()
Submits a batch of commands to the database for execution and if all
commands execute successfully, returns an array of update counts.
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Insert Record:
Statement st = con.createStatement();

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Delete Record:

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Statement st = con.createStatement();

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Precompiled sql statement object.

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It can read runtime input parameters.
Ex: PreparedStatement pstmt =

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CallableStatement interface used when Java
interacting with database using stored procedures.
Ex:
CallableStatement cstmt = null;
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String SQL = "{call getEmpName (?, ?)}";
cstmt = conn.prepareCall (SQL);
String sql = "update DEPARTMENTS set DEPARTMENT_NAME =
? where DEPARTMENT_ID = ?";

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PreparedStatement pst = con.prepareStatement(sql);

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pst.setString(1, "Information Technology");

pst.setInt(2, 60);

pst.executeUpdate(); 33
Interfaces Recommended Use

Statement Use the for general-purpose access to your database. Useful

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when you are using static SQL statements at runtime. The
Statement interface cannot accept parameters.

Mr. Nilesh Patil

PreparedStatement Use the when you plan to use the SQL statements many times.
The PreparedStatement interface accepts input parameters at
runtime.

CallableStatement Use the when you want to access the database stored
procedures. The CallableStatement interface can also accept
runtime input parameters. 34
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stmt.addBatch("update DEPARTMENTS set DEPARTMENT_NAME =
'Administrations' where DEPARTMENT_ID = 10");

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stmt.addBatch("update DEPARTMENTS set DEPARTMENT_NAME = 'Human
Resource' where DEPARTMENT_ID = 40");

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stmt.executeBatch();

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ResultSet is table of data which represents a data
from database.

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next() method is used to move cursor to next row.

Mr. Nilesh Patil

Type of ResultSet: Bydefault TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY
ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY
ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE
ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE

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beforeFirst()

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afterLast()
first()

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last()
previous()
next()
getRow()
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All action carried out or none of them.

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For AutoCommit
connection.setAutoCommit(false);

Mr. Nilesh Patil

For Rollback:
connection.rollback();
For Commit:
connection.commit();
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Provide meta data about the database have
connected to.

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Mr. Nilesh Patil
For instance, you can see what tables are defined in
the database, and what columns each table has,
whether given features are supported etc.

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Obtaining a DatabaseMetaData Instance

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DatabaseMetaData databaseMetaData = connection.getMetaData();

Database Product Name and Version

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int majorVersion = databaseMetaData.getDatabaseMajorVersion();
int minorVersion = databaseMetaData.getDatabaseMinorVersion();
String productName = databaseMetaData.getDatabaseProductName();
String productVersion =
databaseMetaData.getDatabaseProductVersion();

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Database Driver Version

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int driverMajorVersion = databaseMetaData.getDriverMajorVersion();
int driverMinorVersion = databaseMetaData.getDriverMinorVersion();
Listing Tables

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String catalog = null;
String schemaPattern = null;
String tableNamePattern = null;
String[] types = null;
ResultSet result = databaseMetaData.getTables( catalog, schemaPattern,
tableNamePattern, types );

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while(result.next()) { String tableName = result.getString(3); }