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RTC Setup

The document outlines the setup process for the SAM3X embedded Real Time Clock (RTC) on the Arduino DUE, detailing the selection of oscillators, initialization of RTC interrupt handlers, and setting the current date and time. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the SAM3X data sheets and the use of Atmel Software Foundation (ASF) libraries for implementation. The conclusion highlights the complexity of the documentation and the need for thorough reading to effectively utilize the microcontroller and its peripherals.

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Jishnu Vijayan
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7 views2 pages

RTC Setup

The document outlines the setup process for the SAM3X embedded Real Time Clock (RTC) on the Arduino DUE, detailing the selection of oscillators, initialization of RTC interrupt handlers, and setting the current date and time. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the SAM3X data sheets and the use of Atmel Software Foundation (ASF) libraries for implementation. The conclusion highlights the complexity of the documentation and the need for thorough reading to effectively utilize the microcontroller and its peripherals.

Uploaded by

Jishnu Vijayan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Topic:

Setup the SAM3X embedded Real Time Clock (RTC) for operation on the Arduino DUE
The RTC is one of several embedded peripherals of the SAM3X Microcontrollers by
Atmel®. A pre-defined number identifies each Peripheral. This number is used to control
the Peripheral Interrupt and the Peripheral Clock. In the case of the RTC, its ID = 2. A
Slow Clock (SLCLK) derived from an embedded 32.768 KHz Oscillator clocks the RTC
and other Peripherals. There are two 32KHz Oscillators embedded:
RC_OSC32k
XTAL_OSC32k
An embedded RC circuit sets the frequency of the RC_OSC32k Oscillator. The
XTAL_OSC32k Oscillator frequency is set by an external 32.768 KHz Quartz Crystal
connected to the XIN32 and XOUT32 pins. The user may choose which Oscillator
should source the SLCLK assuming that the external crystal is connected. By default, at
power up or reset, the RC_OSC32k Oscillator is selected. It is a less accurate Oscillator
as compared to the XTAL_OSC32k Crystal Oscillator. On the Arduino DUE, the
SAM3X's XIN32 and XOUT32 pins (pins 48 and 49 respectively) are connected to such
a crystal (Y2) and is assumed to be very accurate. In our exercise, the XTAL_OSC32k
Oscillator will be used to clock the RTC and other peripherals. Note that the RTC and a
few other Peripherals are continuously clocked.
To use the RTC, it should be initialized with these steps:
1. Select the Oscillator (XTAL or RC 32K) to clock the RTC.
2. Initialize the RTC Interrupt handlers.
3. Set the current Time and Date.
These steps require interaction with the embedded System Controller User Interface.
The specific sub-systems are:
Supply Controller (SUPC)
Power Management Controller (PMC)
Real Time Clock (RTC)
Their pertinent internal registers are:
SUPC_CR Control
SUPC_MR Mode
SUPC_SR Status
RTC_CR Control
RTC_MR Mode
RTC_TIMR Time
RTC_CALR Calendar
RTC_SR Status
RTC_SCCR Status Clear
RTC_VER Valid Entry
RTC_WPMR Write Protect Mode

Oscillator Selection:
The SAM3X8 data sheets (Chapter 18) describers the Supply Controller (SUPC). The
Slow Clock Generator is part of the SUPC and is covered in section (18.4.2).
The 32KHz Oscillator selection is done in two steps as follows:
1. Set the XTALSEL bit to 1 (bit 3) in the SUPC_CR register.
2. Wait for the OSCSEL bit (bit 7) in the SUPC_SR to indicate when the switch is
complete.
These steps are accomplished by using the Atmel® Software Foundation (ASF) libraries.
The specific lines of code are:
pmc_switch_sclk_to_32kxtal(PMC_OSC_XTAL);
while (pmc_osc_is_ready_32kxtal() == 0);

Initialize RTC Interrupt Handlers:


In addition, the Nested Vector interrupt Controller (NVIC) registers must be initialized by
the following code:
NVIC_DisableIRQ(RTC_IRQn);
NVIC_ClearPendingIRQ(RTC_IRQn);
NVIC_SetPriority(RTC_IRQn, 0);
// NVIC_EnableIRQ(RTC_IRQn);

Date and Time set:


The date and time settings are done with these lines of code:
uint8_t hr = 18, min = 29, sec = 0;
uint8_t mm = 4, dd = 3, wkd = 3;
uint16_t yyyy = 2013;

RTC_SetHourMode(RTC, 0); // Set 24 hr mode


while (RTC_GetHourMode(RTC) == 1);
RTC_SetTime(RTC, hr, min, sec);
RTC_SetDate(RTC, yyyy, mm, dd, wkd);

Conclusion:
The setup is quite simple once you have a good understanding of C++ pointers and
struct. The SAM3X data sheets are difficult to follow. I found that it couldn’t be used
simply as reference. In fact, it requires reading most of the documentation in order to
start making sense of the µcontroller and its embedded Peripherals (all information is
there but it is laid out across several sections that initially seem unrelated). One area I
struggled with was which Peripherals are continuously clocked vs. which can be
orchestrated. A table is outlined but not implicitly explained. The ASF provides a wealth
of knowledge once you have struggled with the Data Sheet (and I am a hardware
person).

References:
Atmel SAM3X Series Data Sheet
Atmel ASF 3.7.3

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