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Ca-1 Presentation: Ept of Lectronics and Ommunication Ngineering

The presentation by Madhushri Tarafdar discusses different types of interrupts and their handling mechanisms in operating systems, focusing on software and hardware interrupts. It explains the categories of interrupts, their sources, and the interrupt handling process, including the roles of interrupt service routines (ISRs). The conclusion emphasizes the importance of understanding interrupts for efficient system programming and stability.

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11 views8 pages

Ca-1 Presentation: Ept of Lectronics and Ommunication Ngineering

The presentation by Madhushri Tarafdar discusses different types of interrupts and their handling mechanisms in operating systems, focusing on software and hardware interrupts. It explains the categories of interrupts, their sources, and the interrupt handling process, including the roles of interrupt service routines (ISRs). The conclusion emphasizes the importance of understanding interrupts for efficient system programming and stability.

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ece2023l10
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RCC INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

DEPT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CA-1 PRESENTATION

❑NAME: MADHUSHRI TARAFDAR


❑YEAR: 3rd
❑SEM: 6th
❑CLASS ROLL NUMBER: ECE2023L10
❑UNIVERSITY ROLL NUMBER: 11700323127
❑PAPER NAME: Operating System
❑PAPER CODE: OE-EC604B
❑TOPIC: Different types of interrupts and handing mechanism
INTERRUPTS:
• A condition or event that interrupts the normal flow of control in a program.
• Basically interrupt is a signal
• * signal means signal can be generated from particular hardware or signal can be
generate particular program executions.
• An event external to the currently executing process that causes a change in the
normal flow of instruction execution; usually generated by hardware devices external
to the CPU.

Types of interrupt:

1. Software interrupt
2. Hardware interrupt

Interrupt source:
• Hardware interrupts occur due
to a change in state of some
hardware.
• Software interrupts are
triggered by the execution of a
machine instruction.
SOFTWARE INTERRUPT
A software interrupts is a particular instructions that can be inserted into the desired
location in the program.
Software Interrupts: Software interrupt can also divided in to two categories.
Normal Interrupts: the interrupts which are caused by the software instructions are called
software instructions.
Exception: unplanned interrupts while executing a program is called Exception. For example:
while executing a program if we got a value which should be divided by zero is called a
exception.
There are eight Software Calculation for vector Address:
interrupts in 8085 Microprocessor: Vector Address = Interrupt Number * 8
So we can find simply vector address. For Example:
RSTO RST4
RST2: vector address=2*8 = 16
RST1: vector address=1*8 = 08
RST1 RST5
RST3: vector address=3*8 = 24

RST2 RST6

RST3 RST7
Hardware interrupt
Interrupt is a signal to the processer generated by the hardware indicated an immediate
attention needed by an event.
Categories:
Maskable Interrupt: The hardware interrupts which can be delayed when a much highest
priority interrupt has occurred to the processor.

Non Maskable Interrupt: The hardware which cannot be delayed and should process by the
processor immediately.
In 8085 we have 5 interrupt
NAME Priority Maskable Non-maskable
1. Trap (RST 4.5) highest 1)RST 7.5 TRAP/NMI(RST 4.5)

2. RST 7.5 higher 2)RST 6.5


3. RST 6.5 medium 3) RST 5.5

4. RST 5.5 least 4) INTR


5. INTR least
EDGE AND LEVEL TRIGGERED :- VECTOR(Address) NON VECTOR
TRAP (RST 4.5)
TRAP (RST 4.5) (0024) INTR (No Address)
EDGE TRIGGERED: RST 7.5 (003C)
RST 7.5 RST 6.5 (0034)
RST 5.5 (002C)
LEVEL TRIGGERED:
RST 6.5
RST 5.5
INTR

Software Interrupt Types


• Normal Interrupts:
The interrupts which are caused by the software instructions are called software instructions.

•Exception:
Unplanned interrupts while executing a program is called Exception. For example: while
executing a program if we got a value which should be divided by zero is called a exception.
Interrupt Handling:
The interrupt handler is also called as Interrupt service routine (ISR). There are different types
of interrupt handler which will handle different interrupts. For example for the clock in a
system will have its interrupt handler, keyboard it will have its interrupt handler for every
device it will have its interrupt handler.

How Interrupts are handled?

• It will trigger the interrupt handler.


• The handler will stop the present instruction which
is processing and save its state in a PC register and
load the state of the interrupt program.
• OS serves the interrupt from Interrupt Vector Table
through Interrupt Service Routine (Interrupt
handler).
• After processing the interrupt, interrupt handler will
load the instruction of previous saved process from
the register, process will start its processing where
it’s left. This saving the old instruction processing
configuration and loading the new interrupt
configuration is also called as context switching.
The main features of the ISR are:
1. Interrupts can occur at any time they are asynchronous. ISR’s can call for asynchronous
interrupts.
2. Interrupt service mechanism can call the ISR’s from multiple sources.
3. ISR’s can handle both maskable and non maskable interrupts. An instruction in a
program can disable or enable an interrupt handler call.
4. ISR on beginning of execution it will disable other devices interrupt services. After
completion of the ISR execution it will re initialize the interrupt services.
5. The nested interrupts are allowed in ISR for diversion to other ISR.

Type of Interrupt Handlers:

➤First Level Interrupt Handler (FLIH) is hard interrupt


handler or fast interrupt handler. These interrupt
handlers have more jitter while process execution
and they are mainly maskable interrupts

➤ Second Level Interrupt Handler (SLIH) is soft


interrupt handler and slow interrupt handler. These
interrupt handlers are having less jitter.
CONCLUSION:
In conclusion, interrupts play a crucial role in computer systems, enabling efficient and
responsive operation. Understanding the different types of interrupts, including
hardware and software interrupts, and the interrupt handling mechanism is essential
for system programming and development. Effective interrupt handling ensures proper
system functioning, prevents data loss, and maintains system stability.

REFERENCE:
1. slideshare. Net
2. Google wikipedia
3. Meta AI

THANK YOU

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