(i) the husband is watching the television during the prime time of television:

Probability husband watching TV = Probability of wife watching the TV and

husband watching the TV or wife not watching TV and husband watching the
TV
= P[(A ∩ B1) ∪ (A̅ ∩ B2)]
= P[(A ∩ B1) + (A̅ ∩ B2)]
= 0.6 × 0.4 + 0.4 × 0.3
= 0.24 + 0.12 = 0.36
= 36/100 = 9/25

Ex 12.5
Choose the correct or most suitable answer from the given four alternatives:

Question 1.
Four persons are selected at random from a group of 3 men, 2 women and 4
children. The probability that exactly two of them are children is

Solution: (d)
Hint:
Total no of person = 3 + 2 + 4 = 9
Selecting 4 from 9 can be done in 9 C4 ways
Question 2.
A number is selected from the set {1, 2, 3, ….., 20}. The probability that the
selected number is divisible by 3 or 4 is ……………

Solution: (c)
Hint:
n(S) = 20
A = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18} ⇒ n(A) = 6
B = {4, 8, 12, 16, 20} ⇒ n(B) = 5
A ∩ B = {12} ⇒ n(A ∩ B) = 1
so P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)

Question 3.
A, B and C try to hit a target simultaneously but independently. Their

respective probabilities of hitting the target are The probability that

the target is hit by A or B but not by C

Solution: (a)
Hint:
P(A) = 3/4 P(A’) = 1/4
P(B) = 1/2 P(B’) = 1/2
P(C) = 5/8 P(C’) = 3/8
Probability of hitting the target = 1

Question 4.
If A and B are any two events, then the probability that exactly one of them
occur is …………

Solution: (b)
Hint:

Question 5.

Then the events A and B are …………………

(a) Equally likely but not independent
(b) Independent but not equally likely
(c) Independent and equally likely
(d) Mutually inclusive and dependent

Solution: (b)
Hint:

P(A ∩ B) = P(A). P(B)

⇒ A and B are independent and not equally likely

Question 6.
Two items are chosen from a lot containing twelve items of which four are
defective, then the probability that at least one of the item is defective when
two items are chosen at the random probability of atleast one of them is
defective ………….

Solution: (a)
Hint:
Total number = 12
Defective = 4
∴ good ones = 12 – 4 = 8
when two items are chosen at random probability of atleast one of them is
defective
= P(one defective or 2 defectives) = P(GD or DD)
= P(G) P(D) + P(D) P(D)

Question 7.
A man has 3 fifty-rupee notes, 4 hundred rupees notes, and 6 five hundred
rupees notes in his pocket. If 2 notes are taken at random, what are the odds
in favour of both notes being of a hundred rupee denomination?
(a) 1 : 12
(b) 12 : 1
(c) 13 : 1
(d) 1 : 13

Solution: (d)
Hint:

The odds in favour done of P is P : 1 – P

Question 8.
A letter is taken at random from the letters of the word ‘ASSISTANT’ and
another letter is taken at random from the letters of the word ‘STATISTICS’.
The probability that the selected letters are the same is ………….
Solution: (d)
Hint:

Question 9.
A matrix is chosen at random from a set of all matrices of order 2, with
elements 0 or 1 only. The probability that the determinant of the matrix
chosen is not zero will be

Solution: (b)
Hint: Then given elements are 0 and So each term of a matrix can be filled
(Using or 1) is 2 ways.

The No. of elements is a 2 × 2 matrix = 2 × 2 = 4.

So the possible ways of filling the elements of a 2 × 2 matrix is 24 = 16 (i.e.,)
n(S) = 16

Let A be the event of getting a 2 × 2 matrix for which the determinant value is
non zero.

Question 10.
A bag contains 5 white and 3 black balls. Five balls are drawn successively
without replacement. The probability that they are alternate of different
colours is …………..

Solution: (c)
Hint:

Question 11.
If A and B are two events such that A ⊂ B and P(B) ≠ 0, then which of the
following is correct?

(a) P(A/B) =

(b) P(A/B) < P(A) (c) P(A/B) ≥ P(A) (d) P(A/B) > P(B)

Solution: (c)
Hint:

Question 12.
A bag contains 6 green, 2 white, and 7 black balls. If two balls are drawn
simultaneously then the probability that both are different colours is ………..

Solution: (a)
Hint:

Question 13.
If X and Y be two events such that P(X/Y) = 1/2, P(Y/X) = 1/3 and P(X ∩ Y)
= 1/6 then P(X ∪ Y) is …………
Solution: (d)
Hint:

Question 14.
An um contains 5 red and 5 black balls. A ball is drawn at random, its colour is
noted, and is returned to the um. Moreover, 2 additional balls of the colour
drawn are put in the um and then a ball is drawn at random. The probability
that the second ball is drawn is red will be …………

Solution: (b)
Hint:
Question 15.
A number x is chosen at random from the first 100 natural numbers. Let A be

the event of numbers which satisfies then P(A) is …………….

(a) 0.20
(b) 0.51
(c) 0.71
(d) 0.70

Solution: (c)
Hint:
Question 16.
If two events A and B are independent such that P(A) = 0.35 and P(A ∪ B) =
0.6, then P(B) is …………..

Solution: (a)
Hint:
Given A and B are independent
P(A ∩ B) = P(A) + P(B)
⇒ Now P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
(i.e.,) Now P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A).P(B)
0.6 = 0.35 + P(B) – (0.35) P(B)
⇒ P(B) = (1 – 0.35) = 0.6 – 0.35
⇒ 0.65 P(B) = 0.25

Question 17.

Solution: (d)
Hint:
Question 18.
If A and B are two events such that P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.8 and P(B/A) = 0.6,

then is …………..

(a) 0.96
(b) 0.24
(c) 0.56
(d) 0.66

Solution: (c)
Hint:

Question 19.
There are three events A, B, and C of which one and only one can happen. If
the odds are 7 to 4 against A and 5 to 3 against B, then odds against C is
……………
(a) 23 : 65
(b) 65 : 23
(c) 23 : 88
(d) 88 : 23

Solution: (b)
Hint: If the probability of an event is P then the odds against its occurrence are
1 – P to P.
Selecting 1 from the 4 number 1, 2, 3,4, can be done in 4 ways

Question 20.
If a and b are chosen randomly from the set {1, 2, 3, 4} with replacement, then
the probability of the real roots of the equation x2 + ax + b = 0 is
Solution: (c)
Hint:
Given a, b are choosen randomly from the set {1, 2, 3, 4}
S = {1, 2, 3, 4} × {1, 2, 3, 4}
S = { (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2,4), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3),
(3,4), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4)}
n(S) = 16
Given x2 + ax + b = 0
a = 1, b = a, c = b

The condition for the above quadratic equation has real root is
Discrimination ≥ 0
Δ = b2 – 4ac ≥ 0
Δ = a2 – 4(1) (b) ≥ 0
a2 – 4b ≥ 0
A = {(2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1), (3, 2) (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4)}
The above pair of values satisfy
a2 – 4b ≥ 0
n(A) = 7

Question 21.
It is given that the events A and B are such that P(A) = 1/4, P(A/B) = 1/2 and
P(B/ A) = 2/3 then P(B) is ……………

Solution: (b)
Hint:
Question 22.
In a certain college 4% of the boys and 1% of the girls are taller than 1.8
meter. Further 60% of the students are girls. If a student is selected at random
and is taller than 1.8 meters, then the probability that the students is a girls is
………….

Solution: (b)
Hint:
Question 23.
Ten coins are tossed. The probability of getting at least 8 heads is …………….

Solution: (d)
Hint:
When 10 coins are tossed, No. of the element in sample space
n(S) = 210 = 1024
Probability of getting atleast 8 heads

Question 24.
The probability of two events A and B are 0.3 and 0.6 respectively. The
probability that both A and B occur simultaneously is 0.18. The probability
that neither A nor B occurs is …………….
(a) 0.1
(b) 0.72
(c) 0.42
(d) 0.28
Solution: (d)
Hint:
Given A and B are two events such that
P(A) = 0.3, P(B) = 0.6 and P(A ∩ B) = 0.18
P (neither A nor B occurs)

= 1 – [P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)]

= 1 – [0.3 + 0.6 – 0.18]
= 1 – [0.9 – 0.18]
= 1 – 0.72 = 0.28

Question 25.
If m is a number such that m≤ 5, then the probability that quadratic equation
2x2 + 2mx + m + 1 = 0 has real roots is ………….

Solution: (c)
Hint:
Given 2x2 + 2mx + m + 1 = 0
a = 2, b = 2m, c = m + 1
The condition for the quadratic equation to have
real roots is
b2 – 4ac ≥ 0
(2m)2 – 4(2) (m + 1) ≥ 0
4m2 – 8m – 8 ≥ 0
m2 – 2m – 2 ≥ 0

This expression satisfies m = 3 or 4 or 5

Let A = {3, 4, 5}
n(A) = 3
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} since m ≤ 5
n(S) = 5