Cloud Computing

Chapter 1| Introduction to Cloud Technologies

 Cloud Computing
 Cloud computing is the delivery of on-demand computing services, from
applications to storage and processing power, typically over the internet and
on a pay-as-you-go basis.
 Provides an alternative to the on-premises datacenter.
 Cloud computing services will be charged based on usage.
 Cloud environment provides an easily accessible online portal that makes
handy for the user to manage the compute, storage, network, and application
resources.
 Characteristics (Features) of Cloud Computing
1. On-demand self-service: A consumer can separately provision computing
capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed
automatically without requiring human interaction with each service provider.
2. Broad network access: Capabilities are available over the network and
accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous
thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, tablets, laptops and
workstations).
3. Resource pooling: The provider’s computing resources (like storage,
processing, memory, and network bandwidth) are shared among multiple
users. Resources are dynamically assigned based on demand, and users don’t
control the exact location but can choose a general area (like country or
datacenter).
4. Rapid elasticity: Capabilities can be quickly scaled up or down automatically
to meet demand. To consumers, these resources seem unlimited and can be
used in any amount at any time.
5. Measured service: Cloud systems automatically track and optimize resource
use with metering tools. Usage of resources like storage, processing, and
bandwidth is monitored, controlled, and reported for transparency between
provider and consumer.

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  Advantages of Cloud Computing
 Cost
 Speed
 Scalability
 Productivity
 Reliability
 Security
 Disdvantages of Cloud Computing
 Requires good speed internet with good bandwidth
 Downtime
 Limited control of infrastructure
 Restricted or limited flexibility
 Ongoing costs
 Security
 Vendor Lock-in
 Technical issues
 Difference between Conventional & Cloud Computing
Conventional Computing Cloud Computing
In conventional computing environment Once the cloud computing environment is
more time is needed for installation, set set up initially, you can gain access faster
up, and configuration. than conventional computing.

Cost must be paid in advance Pay-as-you-go

Cost is fixed Cost is variable

Economic to scale for all organization Economic to scale for large organization
only

For Scaling manual effort is needed Scaling can be elastic and automatic

Environment is mix of phisical & virtualized Usually environment is virtualized

 Cloud Orchestration
 Is a way to manage, co-ordinate, and provision all the components of a cloud
platform automatically from a common interface.
 It orchestrates both physical and virtual resources of the cloud platform.

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  Cloud orchestration is a must because cloud services scale up arbitrarily and
dynamically.
 Cloud orchestration includes two types of models:
 Single Cloud model
 Multi-cloud model
 Multi-cloud models provide high redundancy as compared to single IaaS
deployments.
 Elasticity in Cloud
 Covers the ability to scale up but also the ability to scale down.
 Cloud Service Options / Cloud Service Models / Cloud Computing Stack

 Cloud computing has evolved over the time it has been majorly
divided into three broad service categories:
1. Infrastructure as a Service(IAAS): is a form of cloud computing that provides
virtualized computing resources over the internet.
2. Platform as a Service (PAAS): is a cloud computing model that delivers
applications over the internet.
3. Software as a Service (SAAS): is a software distribution model in which
applications are hosted by a vendor or service provider and made available to
customers over a network, typically the Internet.
 Other Characteristics of IAAS environments:
 The automation of administrative tasks,
 Dynamic scaling,
 Desktop virtualization and
 Policy based services.

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  IAAS- Network:
 There are two major network services offered by public cloud service providers:
1. load balancing
 Provides a single point of access to multiple servers that run behind it.
 Is a network device that distributes network traffic among servers
using specific load balancing algorithms.
2. DNS (domain name systems)
 is a hierarchical naming system for computers, or any other naming
devices that use IP addressing for network identification
 DNS system associates domain names with IP addresses.
 Some of the main characteristics of PAAS are :
1) Scalability and auto-provisioning of the underlying infrastructure.
2) Security and redundancy.
3) Build and deployment tools for rapid application management and
deployment.
4) Integration with other infrastructure components such as web services,
databases, and LDAP.
5) Multi-tenancy, platform service that can be used by many concurrent users.
6) Logging, reporting, and code instrumentation.
7) Management interfaces and/or API.

 IDC identifies two slightly different delivery models for SAAS :

 Issues of SaaS
 Permanent Internet connection
 Data security
 Data control

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  Data location
 Cloud Deployment Models
 Following are the four types of Cloud Deployment Models identified by NIST.
1. Private Cloud
 The cloud infrastructure is operated solely for an organization
2. Community Cloud
 The cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and
supports a specific community that has shared concerns.
3. Public Cloud
 The most ubiquitous, and almost a synonym for, cloud computing.
4. Hybrid Cloud
 The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more clouds
(private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are
bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that
enables data and application portability.
 Two private cloud scenarios exist, as follows:
1. On-site Private Cloud: Applies to private clouds implemented at a
customer’s premises.
2. Outsourced Private Cloud:Applies to private clouds where the server side is
outsourced to a hosting company.
 Community cloud also has two possible scenarios:
1. On-site Community Cloud Scenario: Applies to community clouds
implemented on the premises of the customers composing a community
cloud.
2. Outsourced Community Cloud: Applies to community clouds where the
server side is outsourced to a hosting company.
 Eucalyptus
 Is an open source software platform for implementing Infrastructure as a
Service (IaaS) in a private or hybrid cloud computing environment.
 The name Eucalyptus is an acronym for Elastic Utility Computing Architecture
for Linking Your Programs to Useful Systems.
 Eucalyptus features
 Supports both Linux and Windows virtual machines (VMs).
 Application program interface- (API) compatible with Amazon EC2 platform.
 Compatible with Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Simple Storage Service (S3).
 Works with multiple hypervisors including VMware, Xen and KVM.

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  Can be installed and deployed from source code or DEB and RPM packages.
 Internal processes communications are secured through SOAP and WS-Security.
 Multiple clusters can be virtualized as a single cloud.
 Administrative features such as user and group management and reports.
 Business Concerns in the Cloud
 Security: Data security remains a concern in cloud computing, but strong
measures like multi-factor authentication and compliance checks help protect
data.
 Outages: Cloud outages can disrupt business operations, so disaster recovery
solutions are essential for business continuity.
 Expertise: Cloud adoption requires skilled expertise, best managed by
partnering with a trusted cloud Managed Service Provider (MSP).
 Cost Management: Cloud costs can become high without careful monitoring
and optimization of services and resources.
 Governance: Clear cloud governance policies are needed to manage data
security, access, and compliance across the organization.
 Cloud Optimization Strategy: A unified, organization-wide cloud strategy helps
optimize cloud usage and aligns with governance policies.
 Steps to Launch an Application with AWS Elastic Beanstalk
 Step 1: Create a New Application
 Step 2: Configure your Application
 Step 3: Configure your Environment
 Step 4: Accessing your Elastic Beanstalk Application
 Short forms, or abbreviations used in this chapter
 DNS: domain name systems.
 VMs: virtual machines.
 API: Application program interface.
 AWS: Amazon Web Services.
 DEB: Database enabled blocking.
 RPM: Resource planning management.
 SOAP: Simple object access protocol.
 SSO: Single sign-on.
 DRaaS: Disaster recovery as a services.
 IDC: Internet data center.
 SAAS: Software as a Service.

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  PAAS: Platform as a Service.
 IAAS: Infrastructure as a Service.
 SOA: service- oriented architecture.
 Ajax: Asynchronous JavaScript and XML.
 ASP: Application service provider.
 LADP: Lightweight Directory Access Protocol.
 EC2: Elastic Compute Cloud.
 S3: Simple Storage Service.
 MSP: Managed Service Provider.

Cloud Computing
Chapter 1
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