UNIT – 2 INTEGERS

Numbers – Introduction to Numbers – Integers – Double precision  This contains Whole number
floating point numbers – Complex numbers – Operators – Numeric type Example:
functions – Sequences: Strings, Lists and Tuples – Sequences – Strings a=5
and strings operators – String built-in methods – Lists – List type Built print ("The type of a", type(a))
in Methods – Tuples. Output:
The type of a <class 'int'>
DATA TYPES 2. int () Function
 It converts the string into integer.

Syntax
int (value, base)
Example:
a=int(input(“Enter the Value: ”))
FLOATING POINT NUMBERS
 This contains real numbers.
Example:
b = 40.5
print("The type of b", type(b))
NUMBERS Output:
Introduction to Numbers The type of b <class 'float'>
 Numeric values are stored in numbers. float () Function
 Python supports three kinds of numerical data.  It converts the string into Floating point.
o int Syntax
o float float (value, base)
o complex Example:
a=float(input(“Enter the Value: ”))

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Double-Precision Floating-Point Number COMPLEX NUMBER
 Commonly used in computing to represent decimal number.  This contains an arranged pair.
 It is represented using 64 bits Example
 Double-precision numbers is approximately 15 to 17 decimal c = 1+3j
digits. print("The type of c", type(c))
 Double-precision numbers suitable for applications of Output:
Scientific calculations, financial computations, and other The type of c <class 'complex'>
scenarios c is complex number: True.

 Here, bits are typically divided into three components:

1. Sign
2. Exponent
3. Fraction
1. Sign
Determines whether the number is positive or negative.
2. Exponent
Represents the power.
3. Fraction
Holds the significant bits of the number.

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PYTHON OPERATORS 4. Assignment Operators

 It performs a specific operation between two operands.  Value is assigned to the left operand.

1. Arithmetic Operators 5. Logical Operators

Addition : It is used to add two operands.  Logical operators are and, or, and not.
Subtraction : It is used to subtract the second operand. Name of
Operator Meaning
Operator
Divide : Dividing the first operand by the second.
&& And Both operands are true.
It returns the quotient.
|| Or Any one operand is true
Multiplication : Multiply one operand with the other.
2. Bitwise Operators ! not Operand is false
Example:

3. Comparison operators
 Compare the values of the two operands.
Operator Name of Operator Meaning
== Equal Check the two operands are equal
OUTPUT
!= Not Equal Check the two operands are not equal

<= Less than (or) Equal Check the operand is less than or equal

Greater than (or) Check the operand is greater than

>=
Equal or equal
> Greater than Check the operand is greater than

< Less than Check the operand is less than

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NUMERIC TYPE FUNCTIONS 4. Round:

Integer Operations:  Round(x, n): rounds 'x' to 'n' decimal places.

1. Basic Arithmetic Operations: Complex Number Operations:
 Addition: a + b 1. Basic Operations:

 Subtraction: a - b  Addition: a + b

 Multiplication: a * b  Subtraction: a - b

 Division: a / b & Modulo: a % b (returns the remainder)  Multiplication: a * b

2. Exponentiation:  Division: a / b

 Power: a ** b (raises 'a' to the power of 'b') Common Functions:

3. Conversion Functions: 1. Absolute Value:

 int(x): converts x to an integer. abs(x):

 float(x): converts x to a floating-point number.  returns the absolute value of 'x'.

 complex(real, imag): creates a complex number. 2. Maximum and Minimum:

Floating-Point Operations: max(x, y, ...):

1. Basic Arithmetic Operations:  Returns the maximum value among the arguments.

 Addition: a + b min(x, y, ...):

 Subtraction: a - b  Returns the minimum value among the arguments.

3. Type Checking:
 Multiplication: a * b
isinstance(x, type):
 Division: a / b
 Checks if 'x' is an instance of the specified 'type'.
2. Exponentiation:
4. Type Conversion:
 Power: a ** b (raises 'a' to the power of 'b')
 int(x), float(x), complex(x): convert 'x' to an integer,
3. Conversion Functions:
float, or complex number.
 int(x): converts x to an integer.
5. Math Module:
 float(x): converts x to a floating-point number.
 Contains various mathematical functions.
 complex (real, imag): creates a complex number.
e.g., math.sqrt (), math.sin (), math.cos (), etc.

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SEQUENCE 3. [ ]
String:  It is a slice operator.
 Quotation marks can be used to describe the string.  Used to access the sub-strings of a particular string.
 A string can be defined using 4. [:]
o Single.  It is a range slice operator.
o Double (Or) Triple quotes.  Used to access the characters from the specified range.
Example: 5. in
str = "string using double quotes"  It is a membership operator.
print(str)  It returns if a particular sub-string is present in the specified
STRINGS OPERATOR string.
6. not in
 It is a membership operator.
 It returns true if a particular substring is not present in the
specified string.
7. 8. %
 Used to perform string formatting.
Example:

1. + str1 = "Hello"

 It is a concatenation operator str2 = " World"

 Used to join the strings. print(str1*3) # prints HelloHelloHello

2. * print(str1+str2) # prints Hello world

print(str1[4]) # prints o
 It is a repetition operator.
print(str1[2:4]) # prints ll
 Concatenates the multiple copies of the same string.

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STRING FUNCTIONS 4. Join ()
1. Len ()  Returns a new string which is the concatenation of the
 Returns the length of the string. strings.
Syntax: Syntax:
len(string) str.join(sequence)
Example: Example:
str1="Python Language" str1 = ":"
print (len(str1)) str2 = "NK"
2. Lower () str3= str1.join (str2)
 Converts the uppercase character to lowercase. print (str3)
Syntax: 5. islower()
str.lower()  Returns True if all characters in the string are in lowercase.
Example:  It returns False if not in lowercase.
str=”PyTHOn” Syntax:
print(str.lower()) str.islower()
3. Upper () str1 = "python"
 Converts the lowercase character to uppercase. print(str1.islower())
Syntax: 6. isupper ()
str.upper()  Returns True if all characters in the string are in uppercase.
Example:  It returns False if not in uppercase.
str=”PyTHOn” Syntax:
print(str.upper()) str.isupper()
Example:
str1 = "PYTHON"
print(str1.isupper())

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LIST List Length
 Used to store multiple items in a single variable.  Determines the no. of item in the list.
 Lists are created using square brackets.  It has the len() method.
Example Built - in method
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"] Append ():
print(thislist) Adds an element to the end of the list.
List Items Insert ():
 List items are Inserts an element at a specified position in the list.
1. Ordered Remove ():
2. Changeable Removes the first occurrence of an element from the list.
3. Duplicate values. Pop ():
1. Ordered Removes and returns the element at a specified index.
 Defined order.
 Order will not change.
 Add the new item end of the list.
2. Changeable
 Change, add, and remove items in a list
3. Duplicates
 Lists can have the same value

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TUPLES Tuple Length
 Used to store multiple items in a single variable.  To determine no. of items a tuple has.
 It is the built-in data types.  It use the len() function.
 Store the collections of data Example
 It maybe is an ordered and unchangeable. thistuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")
 Tuples are written with round brackets. print(len(thistuple))
Example
thistuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")
print(thistuple)
Tuple Items
Tuple items are
1. Ordered
2. Unchangeable
3. Duplicate values.
Ordered
 Tuples items are in ordered.
 The order will not change
Unchangeable
 Here, we cannot change (add or remove) the items order.
Allow Duplicates
 Here, the items with same value
Example:
thistuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry", "apple", "cherry")
print(thistuple)

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