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Lab 5 Oop

The lab manual focuses on the implementation of inheritance in Java, covering its definition, importance, and types, such as single, multilevel, and hierarchical inheritance. It also explains key concepts like the super keyword, method overriding, and constructors, along with practical examples. Additionally, a scenario-based example illustrates the creation of an Employee Management System using inheritance.

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2 views5 pages

Lab 5 Oop

The lab manual focuses on the implementation of inheritance in Java, covering its definition, importance, and types, such as single, multilevel, and hierarchical inheritance. It also explains key concepts like the super keyword, method overriding, and constructors, along with practical examples. Additionally, a scenario-based example illustrates the creation of an Employee Management System using inheritance.

Uploaded by

imrankhanfanpage.pk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lab 5

OOP
Lab Manual: Implementation of the Concept of
Inheritance in Java
1. Objective
The objective of this lab is to:

1.​ Understand the concept of Inheritance in Java.


2.​ Learn about types of inheritance .
3.​ Implement method overriding and use the super keyword in Java.
4.​ Work on real-world scenario-based problems to apply inheritance.

2. Introduction to Inheritance
What is Inheritance?
Definition:

Inheritance is a fundamental concept in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) that


allows one class (child class) to acquire the properties and behavior of another class
(parent class).

Why is Inheritance Important?

1.​ Code Reusability: Avoids writing the same code multiple times.
2.​ Better Organization: Helps in structuring code efficiently.
3.​ Extensibility: New features can be added easily without modifying existing
code.
4.​ Readability & Maintenance: Inherited code makes the program more
readable.

3. How Inheritance Works in Java?


In Java, inheritance is achieved using the extends keyword.

1.​ The Parent Class (Super Class): The class that is being inherited.
2.​ The Child Class (Sub Class): The class that inherits from another
class.
3.​ The extends keyword: Used to establish an inheritance
relationship.
Syntax of Inheritance in Java
class Parent {
// Parent class properties and methods
}

class Child extends Parent {


// Child class properties and methods
}
4. Types of Inheritance in Java
Type Description Example
1.​ Single One child class inherits from one class Car extends
Inheritance parent class. Vehicle {}
2.​ Multilevel A class inherits from another child class SportsCar extends
Inheritance class. Car {}
3.​ Hierarchical Multiple child classes inherit from one class Bike extends
Inheritance parent class. Vehicle {}

5. Key Concepts in Inheritance


5.1 Parent Class (Superclass)

A class whose properties and methods are inherited by another class.

5.2 Child Class (Subclass)

A class that inherits from another class and can add or modify functionalities.

5.3 Super Keyword

Used to call parent class methods or constructors inside a child class.

5.4 Method Overriding

When a child class provides a new implementation of a method already defined in


the parent class.

5.5 This keyword​


The this keyword refers to the current object in a class

6. What is a Constructor?
A constructor is a special method in a class that runs automatically when an object is
created.​
Its name is always the same as the class name, and it initializes the object's values

Types of Constructors

1.​ Default Constructor – Created automatically if you don't write one.


2.​ Parameterized Constructor – Takes values when an object is created.
3.​ Copy Constructor – Copies values from one object to another.

Simple Example of a Constructor


class Student {
String name;
int age;
// Constructor jab object create hota hai tab automatic chalta hai
Student(String studentName, int studentAge) {
name = studentName; // Name ko initialize kra lia
age = studentAge; // Age ko initialize kra lia
}
// Student ki details print karne wali method
void display() {
System.out.println("Name: " + name);
System.out.println("Age: " + age);
}
}
public class ConstructorExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student s1 = new Student("Hassan", 23);
s1.display();
}
}

7.​ What is the this keyword?

The this keyword refers to the current object in a class.​


It helps when the parameter names and class attributes have
the same names.
Example of this keyword
class Car {
String model;
// Constructor jo model ka naam set karega
Car(String model) {
// this keyword use kar rahe hain taake class variable aur parameter dono ko differentiate
karein
this.model = model;
}
void display() {
System.out.println("Car Model: " + model);
}
}
public class ThisKeywordExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Car ka ek object create kar rahe hain aur usko Toyota value de rahe hain
Car c1 = new Car("Toyota");
c1.display();
}
}

8. Scenario-Based Examples
Scenario : Employee Management System
Problem Statement:​
Create a class Employee with properties name and salary. Create a subclass Manager
that has an additional property bonus.

class UniversityEmployee {
String name;
double salary;
// Constructor jo name aur salary ko initialize karta hai.
UniversityEmployee(String name, double salary) {
this.name = name;
this.salary = salary;
}
void display() {
System.out.println("Name: " + name);
System.out.println("Salary: $" + salary);
}
}
class DepartmentManager extends UniversityEmployee {
double bonus;
// Constructor jo name, salary aur bonus ko initialize karega.
DepartmentManager(String name, double salary, double bonus) {
// Department manager ka ek additional attribute "bonus" hoga.
super(name, salary); // Super ka use parent class ka constructor call karne ke
liye.
this.bonus = bonus;
}
void display() {
super.display();
System.out.println("Bonus: $" + bonus);
}
}
public class UniversityExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {

DepartmentManager dm1 = new DepartmentManager("Dr. Hassan", 70000,


15000);
dm1.display();
}
}

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