Evalusting Reasoning – Which statement can be true or false or logically

follow

Types of Syllogism in Reasoning

As now we know what is Syllogism, let us see the various types of

syllogism questions in the reasoning section below.

1. Basic Syllogism

In these type of syllogism reasoning questions, the conclusions must be

100% true. Conclusions which are 99% true will be considered as False.

2. Either – or Case

In these type of syllogism reasoning questions, when the conclusions are

not 100% true but the two given conclusions are 50% true then the either-
or case will be formed.

3. Coded Syllogism

In these types of syllogism reasoning questions, statements and

conclusions are given in coded form. Candidates need to decode the
statements and conclusions to find the answer.

4. Sequential Syllogism

In these type of syllogism reasoning questions, statements are given

followed by the options. Candidates need to choose the set in which the
third statement can be logically deduced from the first two statements.

Basic Syllogism
 How to Solve Syllogism Questions in Reasoning– Tips and
Tricks
 Candidates can find various tips and syllogism logical reasoning
tricks from below for solving the questions in this section.
 Tip # 1: If a definite conclusion is false in any of the possible
diagrams, then the definite conclusion is considered to be false.
 Tip # 2: If all statements are positive, then all negative conclusions
will be false in definite cases and vice versa.
 Tip # 3: Subject and Predicate can interchange for the
complementary pair “Some + No”
 Tip # 4: In a syllogism reasoning problem, if two conclusions have
the same subject & predicate and consist of a complementary pair
but only one of the conclusions is true, then it will not form an
either-or case. Do not consider “Some + Some” as a complementary
pair for Either or case.
 Tip # 5: If a possible conclusion is true in any one of the possible
diagrams, then the possibility is considered to be true.
 Tip # 6: “Only a few” means both conclusions are definitely true.
 Therefore, the conclusion, some A are B and some A are not B will
be definitely true.
 Tip # 7: In a syllogism reasoning problem, complementary pairs for
Either or case are, “Some + N” and “All + Some not”
 Tip # 8: Both conclusions should consist of one of the above
complementary pairs. Subject and Predicate of the two conclusions
should be the same and they cannot interchange. The answer of
both the conclusions should be can’t be said.
 Tip # 9: Candidates need to keep the following things in mind while
solving the syllogism based questions.
 Get more insights on Order and Ranking

 Statement  Definite  Possible

Conclusion Conclusion

 All A are B  All A are B  All B are A

 Some A are B .  Some B are not A
 Some B are A

 Some A are B  Some A are B  All A are B

 Some B are A  All B are A
 Some A are not B
 Some B are not A

 Some A are not B  Some A are not B  Some A are B

 No A is B
 No B is A
 Some B are not A
 All B are A

 No A is B  No A is B  No possibility is true
 No B is A

 Syllogism Sample Questions in Reasoning

 Basic Syllogism:
 Question 1:
 Statements:
 All roses are flowers.
 Some flowers are red.
 Conclusion:
 I. Some roses are red.
 II. All red things are roses.
 Select the correct conclusion(s):
 A) Only conclusion I
 B) Only conclusion II
 C) Both conclusions I and II
 D) Neither conclusion I nor II
 Answer:
 A) Only conclusion I
 Explanation:
 Conclusion I is valid as it follows from the two statements (All roses
are flowers, and some flowers are red). Conclusion II is not valid
because we cannot infer that all red things are roses based on the
given statements.

 Question 2:
 Statements:
 All dogs are mammals.
 Some mammals are carnivores.
 Conclusion:
 I. Some dogs are carnivores.
 II. All carnivores are dogs.
 Select the correct conclusion(s):
 A) Only conclusion I
 B) Only conclusion II
 C) Both conclusions I and II
 D) Neither conclusion I nor II
 Answer:
 D) Neither conclusion I nor II
 Explanation:
 Neither conclusion I nor II is valid based on the given statements.
The first statement only establishes a relation between dogs and
mammals, and the second statement establishes a relation between
mammals and carnivores. We cannot directly relate dogs to
carnivores based on the given information.

 Either - or Case:
 Question 3:
 Statements:
 All doctors are educated.
 Some educated people are researchers.
 Conclusion:
 I. Some researchers are doctors.
 II. Either some doctors are researchers, or all researchers are
doctors.
 Select the correct conclusion(s):
 A) Only conclusion I
 B) Only conclusion II
 C) Both conclusions I and II
 D) Neither conclusion I nor II
 Answer:
 B) Only conclusion II
 Explanation:
 Conclusion II is valid as it includes both possibilities based on the
given statements. It covers the case where some doctors are
researchers (as per the first conclusion) and also the possibility
where all researchers are doctors (as per the second conclusion).

 Question 4:
 Statements:
 All lions are fierce.
 Some fierce animals are predators.
 Conclusion:
 I. Some lions are predators.
 II. Either some predators are lions, or all lions are predators.
 Select the correct conclusion(s):
 A) Only conclusion I
 B) Only conclusion II
 C) Both conclusions I and II
 D) Neither conclusion I nor II
 Answer:
 D) Neither conclusion I nor II
 Explanation:
 Neither conclusion I nor II is valid based on the given statements.
The first statement establishes a relation between lions and being
fierce, and the second statement establishes a relation between
fierce animals and predators. We cannot directly relate lions to
being predators based on the given information.

 Coded Syllogism:
 Question 5:
 In a coded language, "pit na lo" means "red apple" and "lo pa re"
means "juicy fruit." What does "re ki" stand for in the same coded
language?
 A) apple red
 B) fruit juicy
 C) juicy red
 D) red fruit
 Answer:
 C) juicy red
 Explanation:
 From the given coded language, "re" stands for "juicy," and "ki"
stands for "red." Therefore, "re ki" translates to "juicy red."

 Question 6:
 In a coded language, "so ta po" means "big blue sky" and "ta ma li"
means "beautiful white flower." What does "ma li" stand for in the
same coded language?
 A) white flower
 B) beautiful sky
 C) big white
 D) beautiful big
 Answer:
 A) white flower
 Explanation:
 From the given coded language, "ma" stands for "beautiful," and "li"
stands for "flower." Therefore, "ma li" translates to "beautiful white
flower."

 Sequential Syllogism:
 Question 7:
 Arrange the following statements in a logical sequence:
 I. All birds have wings.
 II. Some birds are parrots.
 III. All parrots can talk.
 A) I, II, III
 B) II, III, I
 C) III, II, I
 D) II, I, III
 Answer:
 A) I, II, III
 Explanation:
 The correct logical sequence is: All birds have wings (I) → Some
birds are parrots (II) → All parrots can talk (III).

 Question 8:
 Arrange the following statements in a logical sequence:
 I. All cars are vehicles.
 II. Some vehicles are buses.
 III. All buses are public transport.

 A) II, I, III
 B) III, II, I
 C) I, III, II
 D) I, II, III
 Answer: