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5th Period Notes

The document provides an overview of operating systems (OS), detailing their functions, types, and popular examples. It explains key functions such as process, memory, file, device management, and security, along with different OS types like batch, time-sharing, real-time, network, and mobile operating systems. Additionally, it outlines the basic components of an OS and includes an assignment for students to discuss the pros and cons of two operating systems and the importance of security in OS.

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4 views5 pages

5th Period Notes

The document provides an overview of operating systems (OS), detailing their functions, types, and popular examples. It explains key functions such as process, memory, file, device management, and security, along with different OS types like batch, time-sharing, real-time, network, and mobile operating systems. Additionally, it outlines the basic components of an OS and includes an assignment for students to discuss the pros and cons of two operating systems and the importance of security in OS.

Uploaded by

hkamara2005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THOMAS P.

FALLAH INSTITUTE OF ACADEMIC AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION


T-Five Academy
Neezoe Community, Paynesville
Montserrado County, Liberia
5th Marking Period Computer Notes
COMPUTER OPERATING SYSTEM

Name: ____________________________________

Class: ____________________________________

Section: __________________________________

Prepared by: Terah W. Jackson


Tel.: 0776280216/0886381867
INTRODUCTION TO THE OPERATING SYSTEM

What is an Operating System (OS)?

An operating system is software that acts as an intermediary between computer hardware and
the computer user. It provides a user interface and manages hardware resources for the
system.

Examples: Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, iOS.

Functions of an Operating System

An operating system is responsible for various tasks to make a computer work efficiently.
Key functions include:

 Process Management:
The OS handles the execution of processes. It ensures that each program has enough
CPU time and resources to run efficiently without conflicts.

 Memory Management:
It manages the computer's memory (RAM), allocating space to programs and ensuring
efficient usage. It also ensures that programs do not interfere with each other’s
memory space.

 File Management:
The OS manages files on storage devices (like hard drives or SSDs). It organizes files
into directories and ensures that files are stored, retrieved, and modified properly.

 Device Management:
The OS controls input and output devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse, printers). It ensures
that the devices interact correctly with the software.

 Security and Access Control:


The OS ensures that unauthorized users do not access the computer. It uses passwords,
user accounts, and permissions to maintain security.

 User Interface:
Provides an interface for users to interact with the system, either through a Graphical
User Interface (GUI) or a Command-Line Interface (CLI).
Types of Operating Systems

 Batch Operating Systems:


A batch operating system (BOS) is designed to handle and process large volumes of
data in batches, making it ideal for organizations that require efficient and rapid data
processing. Unlike interactive systems, batch processing systems operate by executing
a series of jobs without manual intervention, which enhances their speed and
efficiency.

Example of Batch Operating System


Some examples of batch-processing operating systems include:
i. IBM’s z/OS: This is a widely used batch operating system in large
organizations that require high-volume data processing, such as banks, airlines,
and government agencies.
ii. Unisys MCP: Another example of a batch operating system used in large-scale
data processing environments.
iii. Burroughs MCP/BCS: This system is also used in environments that require
efficient batch processing.

 Time-Sharing Systems:
A Time-Sharing Operating System allows multiple users to access and use a computer
system simultaneously by allocating a fixed time slice or quantum to each task. This
system ensures that all tasks receive CPU time, creating a smooth and efficient user
experience. Time-sharing systems, also known as multitasking systems, are designed
to handle tasks from both single and multiple users.

Example of Batch Operating System


i. IBM VM/CMS: Introduced in 1972, IBM VM/CMS provides a virtual machine
environment allowing multiple users to run their own instances of operating
systems and applications.
ii. TSO (Time Sharing Option): Developed by IBM in the 1960s for the IBM
System/360 mainframe, TSO allows multiple users to access and run
applications on the same computer simultaneously.
iii. Windows Terminal Services: This system enables multiple users to remotely
access a Windows server, run applications, and access shared resources like
printers and network storage in real time.

 Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS):


A real-time operating system (RTOS) is a special kind of operating system designed to
handle tasks that need to be completed quickly and on time. Unlike general-purpose
operating systems (GPOS), which are good at multitasking and user interaction, RTOS
focuses on doing things in real time.
The idea of real-time computing has been around for many years. The first RTOS was
created by Cambridge University in the 1960s. This early system allowed multiple
processes to run at the same time, each within strict time limits.
Over the years, RTOS has improved with new technology and the need for reliable
real-time performance. These systems are now more powerful, efficient, and full of
features, and they are used in many industries, including aerospace, defense, medical
science, multimedia, and more.

Examples of real-time operating systems are airline traffic control systems, Command
Control Systems, airline reservation systems, Heart pacemakers, Network Multimedia
Systems, robots, etc.

 Network Operating Systems (NOS):


Designed to manage network resources. They enable computers in a network to
communicate and share resources. Examples include Novell NetWare and Microsoft
Windows Server.

 Mobile Operating Systems:


Used in smartphones and tablets. Examples: Android, iOS.

POPULAR OPERATING SYSTEMS


1. Windows:
Developed by Microsoft, Windows is the most widely used OS for personal
computers. It has a user-friendly interface and supports a wide range of software
and hardware.

2. macOS:
Developed by Apple, macOS is known for its sleek design and security features. It
is commonly used by professionals in creative fields like design and video editing.

3. Linux:
A free and open-source OS, widely used by developers and tech enthusiasts. It's
highly customizable and often used on servers.

4. Android:
The most widely used mobile operating system, based on Linux. It powers most
smartphones and tablets globally.

5. iOS:
Apple's mobile operating system used in iPhones and iPads, known for its seamless
integration with Apple devices.
BASIC COMPONENTS OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM

1. Kernel:
The core part of the OS, responsible for managing system resources like CPU,
memory, and devices. It interacts directly with the hardware.

2. Shell:
The interface between the user and the kernel. The shell can be either a command-line
interface (CLI) or a graphical user interface (GUI).

3. File System:
Manages the storage, organization, and retrieval of files on disk. Examples include
NTFS, FAT32, HFS+, and EXT4.

4. System Libraries and Utilities:


These are the programs that allow users to perform common tasks like file
management, text editing, or networking.

Assignment:

1. Name any two operating systems you have used and discuss the pros and cons of each.
2. Discuss the role of security in operating systems and why it's important.

Instruction:
Assignment must be type written with cover page, saved in a PDF format and sent to
through your personal email.
All assignments must be submitted to this address: [email protected]
All Assignment must be submitted on or before April 16, 2025.

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