Bangladesh Army University of Engineering and Technology

Department of civil Engineering

CE 1201
Engineering mechanics

Introduction

Presented By
Samira Rahman Sinthi
Lecturer, Dept. of CE, BAUET
Contents
✓ Coplanar and non-coplanar force systems
✓ Moments
✓ Analyses of two-dimensional frames and trusses
✓ Internal forces and friction
✓ Analysis of flexible chords
✓ Centroids of lines, areas and volumes
✓ Moments of inertia of areas and masses
✓ Plane motion
✓ Impulse and momentum
✓ Principles of work and energy
Course learning outcome

CLO 1: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science

and equations of equilibrium to analyze
statically determinate rigid bodies (with and
without friction).
CLO 2: Apply engineering fundamental knowledge to
determine the forces of different types of
Frames and Trusses and to find centroid and
moment of inertia of different rigid bodies
1. E. Russell Johnston and :
Mechanics for Engineers
Ferdinand P. Beer.
2. Faires and Chambers : Analytic Mechanics

3. Ferdinand Singer : Engineering Mechanics

4. Khurmi and Das : Engineering Mechanics
Mechanics is a branch of the physical sciences that is concerned with the state of rest or motion of bodies that
are subjected to the action of forces.

In general, this subject can be subdivided into three branches:

i. rigid-body mechanics,
ii. deformable-body mechanics ,
iii. and fluid mechanics .

Rigid-body mechanics is divided into two areas: statics and dynamics.

Statics deals with the equilibrium of bodies, that is, those that are either at rest or move with a constant velocity;

dynamics is concerned with the accelerated motion of bodies.

We can consider statics as a special case of dynamics, in which the acceleration is zero
Before we begin our study of engineering mechanics, it is important to understand the meaning of certain fundamental concepts
and principles.

Basic Quantities. The following four quantities are used throughout mechanics.

Length. Length is used to locate the position of a point in space and thereby describe the size of a physical system. Once a
standard unit of length is defined, one can then use it to define distances and geometric properties of a body as multiples of this
unit.

Time. Time is conceived as a succession of events. Although the principles of statics are time independent, this quantity plays an
important role in the study of dynamics.

Mass. Mass is a measure of a quantity of matter that is used to compare the action of one body with that of another. This
property manifests itself as a gravitational attraction between two bodies and provides a measure of the resistance of matter to a
change in velocity.

Force. In general, force is considered as a “push” or “pull” exerted by one body on another. This interaction can occur when
there is direct contact between the bodies, such as a person pushing on a wall, or it can occur through a distance when the bodies
are physically separated.
Examples of the latter type include gravitational, electrical, and magnetic forces. In any case, a force is completely characterized
by its magnitude, direction, and point of application.
Idealizations. Models or idealizations are used in mechanics in order to simplify application of the theory. Here we
will consider three important idealizations.

Particle. A particle has a mass, but a size that can be neglected. For example, the size of the earth is insignificant
compared to the size of its orbit, and therefore the earth can be modeled as a particle when studying its orbital
motion. When a body is idealized as a particle, the principles of mechanics reduce to a rather simplified form since
the geometry of the body will not be involved in the analysis of the problem.

Rigid Body. A rigid body can be considered as a combination of a large number of particles in which all the particles
remain at a fixed distance from one another, both before and after applying a load. This model is important because
the body’s shape does not change when a load is applied, and so we do not have to consider the type of material
from which the body is made.

Concentrated Force. A concentrated force represents the effect of a loading which is assumed to act at a point on a
body. We can represent a load by a concentrated force, provided the area over which the load is applied is very small
compared to the overall size of the body.
An example would be the contact force between a wheel and the ground.
Newton’s Three Laws of Motion. Engineering mechanics is formulated on the basis of Newton’s three laws of
motion, the validity of which is based on experimental observation. These laws apply to the motion of a particle
as measured from a nonaccelerating reference frame.
They may be briefly stated as follows:

First Law. A particle originally at rest, or moving in a straight line with constant velocity, tends to remain in this
state provided the particle is not subjected to an unbalanced force, Fig. 1–1a .

Second Law. A particle acted upon by an unbalanced force F experiences an acceleration a that has the same
direction as the force and a magnitude that is directly proportional to the force, Fig. 1–1b .
If F is applied to a particle of mass m , this law may be expressed
mathematically as
Third Law. The mutual forces of action and reaction between two particles are equal, opposite, and collinear,
Fig. 1–1c .

Weight. W = mg

g is determined at sea level and at a latitude of 45°, which is considered the “standard locations
(g = 9.81 m/s^2)
(g = 32.2 ft/s^2)
Units of Measurement:
Scalar. A scalar is any positive or negative physical quantity that can be completely specified by its
magnitude . Examples of scalar quantities include length, mass, and time.
Vector. A vector is any physical quantity that requires both a magnitude and a direction for its complete
description. Examples of vectors encountered in statics are force, position, and moment.

A vector is shown graphically by an arrow. The length of the arrow represents the magnitude of the vector, and
the angle u between the vector and a fixed axis defines the direction of its line of action . The head or tip of the
arrow indicates the sense of direction of the vector,

Vector Addition. All vector quantities obey the parallelogram law of addition
Vector Subtraction. The resultant of the difference between two vectors A and B of the same type may
be expressed as R = A - B = A + (-B)
Finding a Resultant Force:
Addition of Several Forces:
Procedure for Analysis:
Parallelogram Law.
Trigonometry law