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MET Project

The document is a microproject report from S.H. Jondhale Polytechnic on building a half adder circuit using a general purpose PCB. It details the components used, including 7486 XOR and 7408 AND ICs, and includes circuit diagrams and working principles. The project was completed by a group of students under the guidance of Ms. Mitali Choudhary for the academic year 2023-24.

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11 views12 pages

MET Project

The document is a microproject report from S.H. Jondhale Polytechnic on building a half adder circuit using a general purpose PCB. It details the components used, including 7486 XOR and 7408 AND ICs, and includes circuit diagrams and working principles. The project was completed by a group of students under the guidance of Ms. Mitali Choudhary for the academic year 2023-24.

Uploaded by

swordragon72
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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S.H.

JONDHALE POLYTECHNIC
DOMBIVLI (W)

A Microproject Report on
“Simulateand build a circuit on general
purpose PCB of half adder”

1126 – Paras Bagde


1132 – Chirantan Ahirrao
1143 – Kunal Raut
1146 – Gaurav Thakare
1147 – Devesh Phanse

Under Guidance: -
Ms. Mitali Choudhary

1
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF
TECHNICAL EDUCATION

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. Gaurav Thakare, Mr.


Chirantan Ahirrao, Mr. Devesh Phanse, Mr.
Kunal Raut, Mr Paras Bagde of the Fourth
Semester of Diploma in Electronics and
Telecommunication Engineering of Institute
S.H.J.P(code 0044) has completed Micro Project
satisfactorily in course for the academic year
2023-24 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: Dombivli Date:

Subject Teacher Head of Department Principal

2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We have taken efforts in this project.


However, it is not possible without the kind
support and help of our teachers and college
staff. We would like to extend my sincere
thanks to all of them. We are highly indeed to
S.H.J.P for their guidance and constant
supervision as well as for providing necessary
information regarding the project. We would
like to express my gratitude towards our
parents for their kind cooperation and
encouragement which helped us in
completion of this project.

3
Topic
Index

Sr no. Topic Page no.

1 Circuit Diagram 5

2 Working 6

3 7486 XOR IC 7

4 7408 AND IC 8

5 9V 9

6 220Ω Resistor 10

7 LED 11

4
Circuit Diagram

5
Working

We can make the circuit in real on breadboard to understand


it clearly. For this we used two widely used XOR and AND
chip from 74 series 74LS86 and 74LS08.Both are gate ICs.
74LS86 has four XOR gates inside the chip and 74LS08 has
four AND gates inside it. These two ICs are widely available
and we will make Half-Adder circuit using this two. In the
above circuit diagram one of the XOR gate from 74LS86 is
used and also one of the AND gate from 74LS08 is used. Pin 1
and 2 of 74LS86 is the input of the gate and pin 3 is the
output of the gate, on the other side pin 1 and 2 of 74LS08 is
the input of the AND gate and pin 3 is the output of the gate.
Pin No 7 of both ICs is connected to GND and 14th pin of the
both ICs is connected to VCC. In our case the VCC is 5v. We
added two leds to identify the output. When the output is 1,
the LED will glow.

6
7486 XOR IC

 7486 is Quad 2-Input EXOR Gate 14 Pin IC. It is an advanced


high speed CMOS 2−input Exclusive−OR gate fabricated with
silicon gate CMOS technology. It achieves high speed operation
similar to equivalent Bipolar Schottky TTL while maintaining
CMOS low power dissipation. Internal circuit is composed of
three stages, including a buffer output which provides high
noise immunity and stable output. Inputs tolerate voltages up
to 7V, allowing interface of 5V systems to 3V systems. Used for
Building Arithmetic Logic Circuits, Computational Logic
Comparators and Error Detection Circuits and
True/Complement Element.
Features:-
 High Noise Immunity: VNIH = VNIL = 28% VCC
 Power Down Protection Provided on Inputs
 Balanced Propagation Delays

7
7408 AND IC

 7408 is Quad 2-Input AND Gate 14 Pin IC. The 7408 provides 4
independent 2-input AND gates with standard push-pull
outputs. The device is designed for operation with a power
supply range of 2.0V to 6.0V. It utilizes advanced silicon-gate
CMOS technology to achieve operating speeds similar to LS-TTL
gates with the low power consumption of standard CMOS
integrated circuits. The HC08 has buffered outputs, providing
high noise immunity and the ability to drive 10 LS-TTL loads.

Features:-
 4 AND gates in a 14-Pin DIP Package
 Outputs Directly Interface to CMOS, NMOS and TTL
 Large Operating Voltage Range

8
9V Battery

 The nine-volt battery, or 9-volt battery, is an electric battery


that supplies a nominal voltage of 9 volts. Actual voltage
measures 7.2 to 9.6 volts, depending on battery chemistry.
Batteries of various sizes and capacities are manufactured; a
very common size is known as PP3, introduced for early
transistor radios.

 The PP3 battery has both terminals in a snap connector on one


end. The smaller circular (male) terminal is positive, and the
larger hexagonal or octagonal (female) terminal is the negative
contact. The connectors on the battery are the same as on the
load device; the smaller one connects to the larger one.

 The 9V (nine volt) battery is a rectangular dry cell classified by


its 48.5mm x 26.5mm x 17.5mm dimensions and one-sided
clasp terminals. They hold mid-range capacities upwards of
1,200mAh and were often used in radios, but today are used
more for walkie-talkies, clocks, smoke detectors, and house
alarms.

9
220Ω Resistor

 A 220-ohm resistor is an electronic component that is used to


resist the flow of electricity in a circuit. Resistors are used in a
wide variety of electronic circuits to control the flow of current
and protect other components from damage.

 220-ohm resistors are a commonly used resistance value in


electronic circuits. They are typically small, cylindrical
components with colored bands on them that indicate their
resistance value. The color bands on a 220-ohm resistor
typically include red, red, brown, and gold.
 A 220 ohm resistor is a fundamental component in electronic
circuits, playing a crucial role in regulating the flow of electrical
current. Here are the key characteristics of a 220 ohm resistor:

1. Resistance: The primary attribute of a 220 ohm resistor is its


resistance value. It provides 220 ohms of resistance, adhering to
Ohm's Law to control the current within a circuit.

2. Power Rating: The 220 ohm resistor has a power rating that
denotes its maximum capacity to dissipate heat without

10
sustaining damage. Standard power ratings include 1/4 watt,
1/2 watt, 1 watt, and so forth.

Light Emitting Diode

 A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that


emits light when current flows through it. Electrons in the
semiconductor recombine with electron holes, releasing energy
in the form of photons.
 Light-emitting diode (LED) is a widely used standard source of
light in electrical equipment. It has a wide range of applications
ranging from your mobile phone to large advertising billboards.
They mostly find applications in devices that show the time and
display different types of data.
 Advantages of LED in electronic displays
 The followings are the major advantages of the LED in an
electronics displays.
1. The LED are smaller in sizes, and they can be stacked together
to form numeric and alphanumeric display in the high-density
matrix.
2. The intensity of the light output of the LED depends on the
current flows through it. The intensity of their light can be
controlled smoothly.

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