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MET Project

The microproject report details the design and construction of a half adder circuit using 74LS86 XOR and 74LS08 AND ICs. The project was completed by a group of students from S.H. Jondhale Polytechnic under the guidance of Ms. Mitali Choudhary, and includes acknowledgments, a circuit diagram, and explanations of the components used. The report highlights the functionality of the circuit and the significance of each component in its operation.

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10 views11 pages

MET Project

The microproject report details the design and construction of a half adder circuit using 74LS86 XOR and 74LS08 AND ICs. The project was completed by a group of students from S.H. Jondhale Polytechnic under the guidance of Ms. Mitali Choudhary, and includes acknowledgments, a circuit diagram, and explanations of the components used. The report highlights the functionality of the circuit and the significance of each component in its operation.

Uploaded by

swordragon72
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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S.H.

JONDHALE POLYTECHNIC
DOMBIVLI (W)

A Microproject Report on
“Simulate and build a circuit on general
purpose PCB of half adder”

1126 – Paras Bagde


1132 – Chirantan Ahirrao
1143 – Kunal Raut
1146 – Gaurav Thakare
1147 – Devesh Phanse

Under Guidance: -
Ms. Mitali Choudhary

1
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF
TECHNICAL EDUCATION

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. Gaurav Thakare, Mr.


Chirantan Ahirrao, Mr. Devesh Phanse, Mr.
Kunal Raut, Mr Paras Bagde of the Fourth
Semester of Diploma in Electronics and
Telecommunication Engineering of Institute
S.H.J.P(code 0044) has completed Micro Project
satisfactorily in course for the academic year
2023-24 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: Dombivli Date:

Subject Teacher Head of Department Principal

2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We have taken efforts in this project.


However, it is not possible without the kind
support and help of our teachers and college
staff. We would like to extend my sincere
thanks to all of them. We are highly indeed to
S.H.J.P for their guidance and constant
supervision as well as for providing necessary
information regarding the project. We would
like to express my gratitude towards our
parents for their kind cooperation and
encouragement which helped us in
completion of this project.

3
Topic
Index

Sr no. Topic Page no.

1 Circuit Diagram 5

2 Working 6

3 7486 XOR IC 7

4 7408 AND IC 8

5 9V 9

6 220Ω Resistor 10

7 LED 11

4
Circuit Diagram

5
Working

We can make the circuit in real on breadboard to understand


it clearly. For this we used two widely used XOR and AND chip
from 74 series 74LS86 and 74LS08.Both are gate ICs. 74LS86
has four XOR gates inside the chip and 74LS08 has four AND
gates inside it. These two ICs are widely available and we will
make Half-Adder circuit using this two. In the above circuit
diagram one of the XOR gate from 74LS86 is used and also one
of the AND gate from 74LS08 is used. Pin 1 and 2 of 74LS86 is
the input of the gate and pin 3 is the output of the gate, on the
other side pin 1 and 2 of 74LS08 is the input of the AND gate
and pin 3 is the output of the gate. Pin No 7 of both ICs is
connected to GND and 14th pin of the both ICs is connected
to VCC. In our case the VCC is 5v. We added two leds to identify
the output. When the output is 1, the LED will glow.

6
7486 XOR IC

➢ 7486 is Quad 2-Input EXOR Gate 14 Pin IC. It is an advanced high


speed CMOS 2−input Exclusive−OR gate fabricated with silicon
gate CMOS technology. It achieves high speed operation similar
to equivalent Bipolar Schottky TTL while maintaining CMOS low
power dissipation. Internal circuit is composed of three stages,
including a buffer output which provides high noise immunity
and stable output. Inputs tolerate voltages up to 7V, allowing
interface of 5V systems to 3V systems. Used for Building
Arithmetic Logic Circuits, Computational Logic Comparators and
Error Detection Circuits and True/Complement Element.
Features:-
• High Noise Immunity: VNIH = VNIL = 28% VCC
• Power Down Protection Provided on Inputs
• Balanced Propagation Delays

7
7408 AND IC

➢ 7408 is Quad 2-Input AND Gate 14 Pin IC. The 7408 provides 4
independent 2-input AND gates with standard push-pull
outputs. The device is designed for operation with a power
supply range of 2.0V to 6.0V. It utilizes advanced silicon-gate
CMOS technology to achieve operating speeds similar to LS-TTL
gates with the low power consumption of standard CMOS
integrated circuits. The HC08 has buffered outputs, providing
high noise immunity and the ability to drive 10 LS-TTL loads.

Features:-
• 4 AND gates in a 14-Pin DIP Package
• Outputs Directly Interface to CMOS, NMOS and TTL
• Large Operating Voltage Range

8
9V Battery

➢ The nine-volt battery, or 9-volt battery, is an electric battery


that supplies a nominal voltage of 9 volts. Actual voltage
measures 7.2 to 9.6 volts, depending on battery chemistry.
Batteries of various sizes and capacities are manufactured; a
very common size is known as PP3, introduced for early
transistor radios.

➢ The PP3 battery has both terminals in a snap connector on one


end. The smaller circular (male) terminal is positive, and the
larger hexagonal or octagonal (female) terminal is the negative
contact. The connectors on the battery are the same as on the
load device; the smaller one connects to the larger one.

➢ The 9V (nine volt) battery is a rectangular dry cell classified by


its 48.5mm x 26.5mm x 17.5mm dimensions and one-sided clasp
terminals. They hold mid-range capacities upwards of
1,200mAh and were often used in radios, but today are used
more for walkie-talkies, clocks, smoke detectors, and house
alarms.

9
220Ω Resistor

➢ A 220-ohm resistor is an electronic component that is used to


resist the flow of electricity in a circuit. Resistors are used in a
wide variety of electronic circuits to control the flow of current
and protect other components from damage.

➢ 220-ohm resistors are a commonly used resistance value in


electronic circuits. They are typically small, cylindrical
components with colored bands on them that indicate their
resistance value. The color bands on a 220-ohm resistor typically
include red, red, brown, and gold.
➢ A 220 ohm resistor is a fundamental component in electronic
circuits, playing a crucial role in regulating the flow of electrical
current. Here are the key characteristics of a 220 ohm resistor:

1. Resistance: The primary attribute of a 220 ohm resistor is its


resistance value. It provides 220 ohms of resistance, adhering to
Ohm's Law to control the current within a circuit.

2. Power Rating: The 220 ohm resistor has a power rating that
denotes its maximum capacity to dissipate heat without
sustaining damage. Standard power ratings include 1/4 watt, 1/2
watt, 1 watt, and so forth.

10
Light Emitting Diode

➢ A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits


light when current flows through it. Electrons in the
semiconductor recombine with electron holes, releasing energy
in the form of photons.
➢ Light-emitting diode (LED) is a widely used standard source of
light in electrical equipment. It has a wide range of applications
ranging from your mobile phone to large advertising billboards.
They mostly find applications in devices that show the time and
display different types of data.
➢ Advantages of LED in electronic displays
➢ The followings are the major advantages of the LED in an
electronics displays.
1. The LED are smaller in sizes, and they can be stacked together to
form numeric and alphanumeric display in the high-density
matrix.
2. The intensity of the light output of the LED depends on the
current flows through it. The intensity of their light can be
controlled smoothly.

11

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