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Detailed Control Systems With Diagrams

The document outlines various control systems, including elevators, robotic arms, aircraft autopilots, and more, detailing their working principles and block diagrams. Most systems are closed loop control systems that adjust based on sensor feedback, while a couple, like the time-based room heating and water tank filling, are open loop. Each system is designed to maintain or control specific parameters such as position, speed, or temperature.

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Clavery Mwingira
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11 views3 pages

Detailed Control Systems With Diagrams

The document outlines various control systems, including elevators, robotic arms, aircraft autopilots, and more, detailing their working principles and block diagrams. Most systems are closed loop control systems that adjust based on sensor feedback, while a couple, like the time-based room heating and water tank filling, are open loop. Each system is designed to maintain or control specific parameters such as position, speed, or temperature.

Uploaded by

Clavery Mwingira
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Detailed Control Systems with Block Diagrams

1. Elevator
a) Working Principle:
An elevator control system moves the elevator car between floors based on input (e.g., button press). It senses the
current position, compares it with the desired floor, and moves the motor accordingly.
b) Loop Type: Closed loop control system.
c) Block Diagram:

Elevator Controller Motor Driver Elevator Car & Shaft


Input Elevator Position
Position Sensor

2. Robotic Arm
a) Working Principle:
A robotic arm moves and positions its joints or end-effector based on input commands. It uses sensors (like encoders or
potentiometers) to track joint positions and adjusts movement in real-time.
b) Loop Type: Closed loop control system.
c) Block Diagram:

Robot Controller Servo Motor Robotic Arm Mechanism


Input Arm Position
Joint Sensors

3. Aircraft Autopilot
a) Working Principle:
An autopilot system automatically controls the aircraft's orientation (pitch, roll, yaw) and altitude. It compares the desired
flight path with actual sensor data and adjusts control surfaces (e.g., ailerons, rudder).
b) Loop Type: Closed loop control system.
c) Block Diagram:

Autopilot Controller Control Surface Actuator Aircraft Body


Input Aircraft State
Gyroscope/Altimeter

4. Water Flow Control System


a) Working Principle:
This system controls the rate of water flow in a pipe. A sensor measures flow rate, compares it with the desired value,
and the controller adjusts a valve or pump to match the target.
b) Loop Type: Closed loop control system.
c) Block Diagram:

Flow Controller Valve Actuator Water Pipe System


Input Water Flow
Flow Sensor
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Detailed Control Systems with Block Diagrams

5. Web Tension Control System


a) Working Principle:
Used in processes like printing or film production, this system maintains constant tension in a moving web (paper,
plastic, etc.). Sensors measure the tension, and the controller adjusts motor speeds or brakes.
b) Loop Type: Closed loop control system.
c) Block Diagram:

Tension Controller Brake/Motor Web Roll Mechanism


Input Web Tension
Tension Sensor

6. Solar Tracking Control System


a) Working Principle:
This system aligns solar panels with the sun to maximize energy capture. Sensors detect sunlight direction, and motors
rotate the panel accordingly.
b) Loop Type: Closed loop control system.
c) Block Diagram:

Solar Tracker Motor Driver Panel Rotator


Input Panel Position
Light Sensor

7. Time-Based Room Heating


a) Working Principle:
This system turns heating on/off based on a timer and temperature settings. It ensures comfort while saving energy.
b) Loop Type: Open loop control system.
c) Block Diagram:

Timer Controller Heater Switch Room Heater


Input Heating State

8. Industrial Boiler Temperature


a) Working Principle:
This system regulates boiler temperature by adjusting fuel supply or heater power. A sensor measures temperature and
controller adjusts accordingly.
b) Loop Type: Closed loop control system.
c) Block Diagram:

Temperature Controller Fuel/Heater Control Boiler


Input Boiler Temp
Temp Sensor
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Detailed Control Systems with Block Diagrams

9. Water Tank Filling


a) Working Principle:
The system automatically fills a tank when water falls below a certain level. A float switch detects low level and triggers a
valve or pump.
b) Loop Type: Open loop control system.
c) Block Diagram:

Float Switch Controller Water Valve Tank System


Input Water Level

10. Conveyor Belt Speed


a) Working Principle:
Controls the speed of a conveyor belt. A sensor measures belt speed, and the controller adjusts motor input to maintain
desired speed.
b) Loop Type: Closed loop control system.
c) Block Diagram:

Speed Controller Motor Driver Conveyor Belt


Input Belt Speed
Speed Sensor

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