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Comprehensions in Python

The document explains list, dictionary, set, and generator comprehensions in Python, highlighting their syntax and providing examples for each type. List comprehensions create lists efficiently, dictionary comprehensions generate key-value pairs, set comprehensions eliminate duplicates while forming sets, and generator comprehensions produce values lazily for memory efficiency. Each section includes examples that demonstrate the practical application of these comprehensions.

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Ankita Patil
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2 views

Comprehensions in Python

The document explains list, dictionary, set, and generator comprehensions in Python, highlighting their syntax and providing examples for each type. List comprehensions create lists efficiently, dictionary comprehensions generate key-value pairs, set comprehensions eliminate duplicates while forming sets, and generator comprehensions produce values lazily for memory efficiency. Each section includes examples that demonstrate the practical application of these comprehensions.

Uploaded by

Ankita Patil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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List Comprehensions

List comprehensions allow for the creation of lists in a single line, improving efficiency
and readability. They follow a specific pattern to transform or filter data from an
existing iterable.
Syntax:

[expression for item in iterable if condition]

Where:
expression: Operation applied to each item.
item: Variable representing the element from the iterable.
iterable: The source collection.
condition (optional): A filter to include only specific items.

Example 1: Generating a list of even numbers

a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
res = [num for num in a if num % 2 == 0]
print(res)

Output

[2, 4, 6, 8]

Explanation: This creates a list of even numbers by filtering elements from a that are
divisible by 2.
Example 2: Creating a list of squares

res = [num**2 for num in range(1, 6)]


print(res)

Output

[1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

Explanation: This generates a list of squares for numbers from 1 to 5.

Dictionary comprehension
Dictionary Comprehensions are used to construct dictionaries in a compact form,
making it easy to generate key-value pairs dynamically based on an iterable.
Syntax:

{key_expression: value_expression for item in iterable if condition}

Where:
key_expression: Determines the dictionary key.
value_expression: Computes the value.
iterable: The source collection.
condition (optional): Filters elements before adding them.

Example 1: Creating a dictionary of numbers and their cubes

res = {num: num**3 for num in range(1, 6)}


print(res)

Output

{1: 1, 2: 8, 3: 27, 4: 64, 5: 125}

Explanation: This creates a dictionary where keys are numbers from 1 to 5 and
values are their cubes.
Example 2: Mapping states to capitals

a = ["Texas", "California", "Florida"] # states


b = ["Austin", "Sacramento", "Tallahassee"] # capital

res = {state: capital for state, capital in zip(a, b)}


print(res)

Output

{'Texas': 'Austin', 'California': 'Sacramento', 'Florida': 'Tallahassee'}

Explanation: zip() function pairs each state with its corresponding capital, creating a
dictionary.

Set comprehensions
Set Comprehensions are similar to list comprehensions but result in sets,
automatically eliminating duplicate values while maintaining a concise syntax.
Syntax:
{expression for item in iterable if condition}

Where:
expression: The operation applied to each item.
iterable: The source collection.
condition (optional): Filters elements before adding them.

Example 1: Extracting unique even numbers

a = [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7]

res = {num for num in a if num % 2 == 0}


print(res)

Output

{2, 4, 6}

Explanation: This creates a set of even numbers from a, automatically removing


duplicates.
Example 2: Creating a set of squared values

res = {num**2 for num in range(1, 6)}


print(res)

Output

{1, 4, 9, 16, 25}

Explanation: This generates a set of squares, ensuring each value appears only
once.

Generator comprehensions
Generator Comprehensions create iterators that generate values lazily, making them
memory-efficient as elements are computed only when accessed.
Syntax:

(expression for item in iterable if condition)


Where:
expression: Operation applied to each item.
iterable: The source collection.
condition (optional): Filters elements before including them.

Example 1: Generating even numbers using a generator

res = (num for num in range(10) if num % 2 == 0)


print(list(res))

Output

[0, 2, 4, 6, 8]

Explanation: This generator produces even numbers from 0 to 9, but values are only
computed when accessed.
Example 2: Generating squares using a generator

res = (num**2 for num in range(1, 6))


print(tuple(res))

Output

(1, 4, 9, 16, 25)

Explanation: The generator creates squared values on demand and returns them as
a tuple when converted.

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