B. M. S.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE-560 019

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
Fourth Semester B.E. Course-(AS/ME/EEE/ECE/ET/ML/CIVIL/EIE)
Course Title: Complex Analysis, Probability and Statistical Methods
Course Code: 22MA4BSCPS
UNIT 3: STATISTICAL METHODS
Correlation and Regression

1. Find the correlation co-efficient between x and y from the given data:
x : 78 89 97 69 59 79 68 57
y : 125 137 156 112 107 138 123 108 Ans: r = 0.96
2. Find the co-efficient of correlation between industrial production and export using the following
data and comment on the result.
Production (in crore tons):55 56 58 59 60 60 62
Export (in crore tons): 35 38 38 39 44 43 45 Ans: r = 0.92
3. Find the correlation co-efficient between x and y for the given data. Find also the two
regression lines.
x: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
y : 10 12 16 28 25 36 41 49 40 50
Ans: r = 0.96, x = 0.2y-0.64, y = 4.69x + 4.9
4. Psychological tests of intelligence and of engineering ability were applied to 10 students. Here
is a record of ungrouped data showing intelligence ration and engineering ratio. Calculate the
co-efficient of correlation.
Student A B C D E F G H I J
I.R. 105 104 102 101 100 99 98 96 93 92
E.R. 101 103 100 98 95 96 104 92 97 94 Ans. r = 0.59

 x 2 +  y 2 − x− y 2
5. Establish the formula r = . Hence calculate r from the following data:
2 x y
x : 21 23 30 54 57 58 72 78 87 90
y : 60 71 72 83 110 84 100 92 113 135 Ans: r = 0.876

 x 2 +  y 2 − x− y 2
6. Using the formula r = , find r from the following data:
2 x y
x : 92 89 87 86 83 77 71 63 53 50
y : 86 88 91 77 68 85 52 82 37 57 Ans: r = 0.7291
7. In the following table are recorded dates showing the test scores made by salesman on an
intelligence test and their weekly sales.
Salesman 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Test scores 40 70 50 60 80 50 90 40 60 60
Sales (000) 2.5 6.0 4.5 5.0 4.5 2.0 5.5 3.0 4.5 3.0
Calculate the regression line of sales on test scores and estimate the most probable weekly sales
volume if a salesman makes a score of 70.
Ans: x = 60 y = 4.05 , y = 0.06x + 0.45 , At x = 70, y = 4.65

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 Dept. of Mathematics, BMSCE UNIT 3: STATISTICAL METHODS
8. In a partially destroyed laboratory record, only the lines of regression of y on x and x on y are
available as 4 x − 5 y + 33 = 0 and 20 x − 9 y =107 respectively. Calculate x , y and the co-
efficient of correlation between x and y . Ans: x =13, y =17 r = 0.6

9. The two regression equations of the variables x and y are x = 19.13 − 0.87 y and y = 11.64 − 0.50 x .
Find (i) Mean of x’s (ii) mean of y’s (iii) the correlation co-efficient between x and y.
Ans. Mean of x’s =15.79, Mean of y’s = 3.74 and r = -0.66

10. If the co-efficient of correlation between two variables x and y is 0.5 and the acute angle

between their lines of regression is tan −1 3 ( 5 ) , show that  = 12 . x y

11. While calculating correlation co-efficient between two variables x and y from 25 pairs of
observations, the following results were obtained: n = 25 ,  x =125 ,  x2 = 650 ,  y =100 ,
 y 2 = 460 ,  xy = 508 . Later it was discovered at the time of checking that the pairs of values
x: 8 6 x: 6 8
were copied down as obtain the correct value of correlation co-
y : 12 8 y : 14 6
efficient. Ans: r = 0.67
12. The following results were obtained from records of age ( x ) and blood pressure ( y ) of a group
of 10 men.
Mean: x : 53 142
Variance: 130 165 and  (xx
−) (yy
−) = 1220
Find the appropriate regression equation and use it to estimate the blood pressure of a man whose
age is 45. Ans: y = 0.006 x + 141.682 At x = 45 y = 141.952

Curve Fitting
I. Least Squares Straight line fitting:
1. If P is the pull required to lift a load W by means of a pulley block, find a linear law of the
form P = a + bW connecting P and W using the following data
P 12 15 21 25

W 50 70 100 120

Ans: P = 2.2759 + 0.1879W P(150) = 30.4635

2. Find a least squares straight line for the following data and estimate y at x = 4 and x at y = 4 .
X 1 2 3 4 5 6

Y 6 4 3 5 4 2

Ans: y = 5.7999 − 0.514 x, y (4) = 3.743 , x = 7.1 − 0.94 y, x(4) = 3.5 .

3. Fit a least squares straight line to the following data
x 2 7 9 1 5 12

y 13 21 23 14 15 21

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 Dept. of Mathematics, BMSCE UNIT 3: STATISTICAL METHODS
Ans: y = 12.45 + 0.8977 x
4. In some determinations of the volume V of carbon dioxide dissolved in a given volume of water
at different temperature the following pairs of values were obtained:
 0 5 10 15

V 1.80 1.45 1.18 1.00

Obtain a relation of the form V = a + b by the method of least squares.

Ans: V = 1.758 − 0.053 .

5. Fit a straight line to the following data

x(year) 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

Y(production in 1000 tons) 8 10 12 14 16

Find the expected production in 2006.

6. A simply supported beam carries a concentrated load P at its midpoint. Corresponding to

various values of P , the maximum deflection y is measured. The data are given below:

P 100 120 140 160 180 200

y 0.45 0.55 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.85
Find a law of the form y = a + bP .

Ans: . y = 0.004P + 0.048

7. The results of measurement of electric resistance R of a copper bar at various temperatures t c

are listed below:
t 19 25 30 36 40 45 50

R 76 77 79 80 82 83 85

Find a relation R = a + bt where a & b are constants. Ans: R = 70.052 + 0.292 t .

II. Least squares quadratic curve (or) parabolic curve fitting:

1. Fit a least squares quadratic curve to the following data:
x 1 2 3 4
y 1.7 1.8 2.3 3.2

Estimate y (2.4) Ans: y = 2 − 0.5 x + 0.2 x2 & y(2.4) = 1.952

2. Fit a least squares parabola to the following data:

x 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.9 7.0
y 1.016 0.768 0.648 0.401 0.272 0.193

Ans: y = 0.999 −1.0006 x + 0.210 x2

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 Dept. of Mathematics, BMSCE UNIT 3: STATISTICAL METHODS
3. Find the quadratic equation that fits the following data by least squares method
x 1 2 3 4 5 6

y 13235 11528 11600 12747 14940 18400

Ans: y = 11953 + 531.5 x + 153.3 x2 .

4. Using least squares method, fit a second degree polynomial. Estimate y at x = 6.5
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

y 12.0 10.5 10.0 8.0 7.0 8.0 7.5 8.5 9.0

Ans: y = 12.2 −1.85 x + 0.183 x2 & y(6.5) = 7.9

5. Fit a second degree parabola to the following data:

x 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

y 1.1 1.3 1.6 2.0 2.7 3.4 4.1

Ans: y = 1.04 −198 x + 0.244 x2

6. If V (km/hr) and R (kg/ton) are related by a relation of the type R = a + bV 2 , find a & b by
the method of least squares with the help of the following table.
V 10 20 30 40 50

R 8 10 15 21 30

Ans: a = 6.68 & b = 0.0092

7. The following table gives the results of the measurements of train resistances, V is the velocity
in miles per hour. R is the resistance in pounds per ton.
V 20 40 60 80 100 120

R 5.5 9.1 14.9 22.8 33.3 46.0

If R is related to V by the relation R = a + bV + cV 2 , find. a, b & c .

Ans: a = 3.48, b = −0.002 & c = 0.0029

8. Fit a second-degree polynomial (or parabola) to the following data:

x 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937

y 352 356 357 358 360 361 361 360 359

Ans: y − 358 = 2.0043 + 0.85 ( x − 1933) − 0.2673 ( x − 1933)

2

III. Exponential growth curve fitting: y = a xb .

1. Fit a power function of the form y = a xb to the following data and estimate 𝑦 at 𝑥 = 12;
x (Price) 20 16 10 11 14

y (Demand) 22 41 120 89 56

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Dept. of Mathematics, BMSCE UNIT 3: STATISTICAL METHODS
2. Fit a power function y = a xb to the following data pertaining to demand for a product and its
price charged at five different cities. Predict the demand when price of the product is Rs. 12

Price (Rs.) x 20 16 10 11 14

Demand y 22 41 120 89 56
(1000 units)

3. Fit a geometric curve y = a xb to the following data and estimate y(2.5) .

x 1 2 4 6

y 6 4 2 2

4. Fit a power function of the form y = a xb to the following data.

x 1 2 3 4 5
y 12.5 8 4.5 2 0.5

5. Fit a least square geometric curve y = a xb to the following data.

x 1 2 3 4 5
y 0.5 2 4.5 8 12.5

POISSON DISTRIBUTION

1. Derive an expression for expectation and variance of Poisson distribution.

2. The number of accidents per day (x) as recorded in a textile industry over a period of 400 days
is given. Fit a Poisson distribution for the data and calculate the theoretical frequencies.
x 0 1 2 3 4 5

f 173 168 37 18 3 1

3. Fit a Poisson distribution for the following frequency distribution.

x 0 1 2 3 4
f 122 60 15 2 1
4. The frequency of accidents per shift in a factory is as shown in the following table:
Accidents per shifts 0 1 2 3 4
Frequency 180 92 24 3 1
Calculate the mean number of accidents per shifts and the corresponding Poisson distribution
and compare with actual observations.
5. Fit a Poisson distribution for the following data and calculate the theoretical frequencies

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Dept. of Mathematics, BMSCE UNIT 3: STATISTICAL METHODS
x 0 1 2 3 4

f 111 63 22 3 1

6. In a certain factory turning out razors blades, there is a small chance of 0.002 for any blade to
be defective. The blades are supplied in packets of 10. Use Poisson distribution to calculate
the approximate number of packets containing (i) no defective (ii) one defective and (iii) two
defective blades respectively in a consignment of 10,000 packets.
7. The number of accidents in a year to taxi in a city follows a Poisson distribution with mean 3.
Out of 1000 taxi drivers find approximately the number of the drivers with
(i) No accident in a year
(ii) More than 3 accidents in a year.
8. 2% of the fuses manufactured by a firm are found to be defective. Find the probability that a
box containing 200 fuses contains
(i) No defective fuses
(ii) 3 or more defective fuses.
9. If the probability of a bad reaction from a certain injection is 0.001, determine the chance that
out of 2000 individuals,
(i) Exactly 3
(ii) More than 2 will suffer a bad reaction
10. A communication channel receives independent pulses at the rate of 12 pulses per micro
second. The probability of transmission error is 0.001 for each micro second. Compute the
probabilities of
(i) no error during a micro second
(ii) one error per micro second
(iii) atleast one error per micro second
(iv) two errors
(v) atmost two errors.
.
11. A switch board can handle only 4 telephone calls per minute. If the incoming calls per minute
follow a Poisson distribution with parameter 3, find the probability that the switch board is
over taxed in any one minute.
12. X is a Poisson variable and it is found that the probability that X=1. Find the probability that
X=0 and the probability that X=3. What is the probability that X exceeds 3?
13. A car hire firm has two cars which it hires out day by day. The number of demands for a car
on each day is distributed as a Poisson distribution with mean 1.5. Calculate the proportion of
days on which
(i) there is no demand
(ii) demand is refused.
14. A shop has 4 diesel generator sets which it hires every day. The demand for a gen set on an
average is a Poisson variate with value 5/2. Obtain the probability that on a particular day
(i) There was no demand
(ii) A demand is refused.
15. A source of liquid is known to contain bacteria with the mean number of bacteria per cubic
centimeter equal to 3.ten 1cc test tubes are filled with the liquid. Assuming that Poisson
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Dept. of Mathematics, BMSCE UNIT 3: STATISTICAL METHODS
distribution is applicable, calculate the probability that all the test tubes will show growth i.e.
contain at least 1 bacterium each.

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