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ECLR 12 Lab Mini Project

The document outlines a mini project for a Triple Mode Tone Generator designed by students at the National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli. The circuit utilizes an LM556 dual timer IC to produce three different tones based on a rotary switch setting, with applications in automobiles and household devices. The project includes details on required components, working principles, and the operational characteristics of the involved electronic components.

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17 views7 pages

ECLR 12 Lab Mini Project

The document outlines a mini project for a Triple Mode Tone Generator designed by students at the National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli. The circuit utilizes an LM556 dual timer IC to produce three different tones based on a rotary switch setting, with applications in automobiles and household devices. The project includes details on required components, working principles, and the operational characteristics of the involved electronic components.

Uploaded by

pranavbanavathu6969
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Department Of Electronics and Communication Engineering

National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli

ECLR - 12
ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS LABORATORY
Faculty: Dr. P. Maheswaran
Laboratory Mini Project
Topic: Triple Mode Tone Generator
Team Members:

➢ Ippili Taswin (108121048)

➢ Madakam Madhuri (108121064)

➢ Veera Mahindra Sai Harsha (108121132)


Triple Mode Tone Generator:
Aim:
To make a circuit which can generate three different tones depending upon the
mode we set. It can be used in automobiles and household purposes too.

Components Required:
SI Apparatus Specification Qty.
No.
1. Battery 9V 1
2. Breadboard - 1
5k 2
2.2k 1
3. Resistors
100k 1
220 1

4.7F 1
4. Capacitors
0.1F 1
5. Potentiometer 100k 1
6. NPN Transistor BC547 1
7. Dual Timer IC LM556 1
8. Speaker 0.5W, 8 1
9. Connecting Wires - As req.
Theory:

LM556: The LM556 Dual timing circuit is a highly stable controller


capable of producing accurate time delays or oscillation. The 556 is a
dual 555. Timing is provided by an external resistor and capacitor for
each timing function. The two timers operate independently of each
other sharing only VCC and ground. The circuits may be triggered
and reset on falling waveforms. The output structures may sink or
source 200mA.

The LM556 is a dual 555. Timing is provided by an external resistor


and capacitor for each timing function. it has two timers that operate
independently of each other sharing only VCC and ground. The
circuits may be triggered and reset on falling waveforms.

Applications:

• Pulse width modulation


• Pulse Generation
• Precision timing
• Sequential timing
BC547: The key features of BC547 Transistor are:

• BC547 is a bipolar junction transistor (BJT).


• It is kind of an NPN transistor.
• It has three terminals: Emitter, Collector and Base.
• The maximum current gain of BC547 is 800A.
• The Collector−Emitter Voltage is 65V.
• The Collector-Base Voltage is 80V.
• The Emitter-Base voltage is 8V.

BC547 has two operation status: forward bias and reverse bias. In the
status of the forward bias, the current can pass when the collector and
emitter are connected. While in the status of the reverse bias, it acts as
a disconnect switch and current cannot pass.

Applications:

• Current amplifier
• Quick switching
• Pulse-width modulation (PWM).

Working Principle & Operation:


Fig. 1 shows the circuit of the triple mode tone generator. The circuit
operates off a 9V battery. At the heart of the circuit is an LM556 dual
timer IC having two separate LM555 timers built into it. The first timer
is configured as an oscillator with a wide frequency range. The second
timer is triggered by the output of the first timer. The circuit produces
three sounds depending on the position of the rotary switch (S1). S1 is
a single-pole, three-way switch.

The working principle of the three-mode sound generator circuit using


LM556 IC is similar to that of the three-mode tone generator circuit.
The only difference is that the output of the VCO is used to modulate
an audio signal to produce sound signals.
Fig.1 Triple mode tone generator circuit

When switch S1 is at position 1, the output of the second timer at pin


9 produces a two-tone sound. When switch S1 is shifted to position 2,
the output of the second timer at pin 9 produces a continuous tone.
When switch S1 is shifted to position 3, the output of the second timer
at pin 9 produces a tone burst. Since LM556 can sink only 200mA
current, transistor T1 is used to amplify the output of the second timer
and according to the tone, the speaker sounds.

1. Square Wave Generator:

The first 555 timer is configured as an astable multivibrator to


generate a square wave output. In this configuration, the timer is
set to operate as a free-running oscillator. The frequency of the
square wave output is determined by the values of the timing
resistor (R1) and timing capacitor (C1). The formula for
calculating the frequency of the square wave is:
Frequency = 1.44 / ((R1 + 2*VR1) * C1)
Where R1 and C1 determine the frequency of the square wave,
and VR1 is used to adjust the duty cycle of the waveform. The
output of the first timer is a square wave signal that has a fixed
frequency and duty cycle.

2. Modulation:
The output of the VCO is used to modulate an audio signal to
produce the desired sound signals. The modulation can be
achieved by varying the amplitude, frequency, or phase of the
audio signal. The modulated audio signal is then amplified
and filtered to remove any unwanted noise before it is output
to a speaker or headphones.

3. Triangle and Sawtooth Wave Generator:


The output of the first timer is then fed into the second 555
timer, which is configured as a monostable multivibrator to
generate a pulse waveform. The pulse waveform is then used
to control the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) to produce
a triangle wave. The frequency of the triangle wave is
determined by the voltage applied to the VCO. The VCO
generates a sawtooth waveform by integrating the triangle
wave output.

Conclusion:
The three-mode tone generator using LM556 is a mini project that
generates square, triangle, and sawtooth waveforms. It is simple,
versatile, and requires minimal components. The output can be
adjusted using a potentiometer and selected using a switch, making it
useful for various audio applications.

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