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SupersonicWavesReflectionsDuct SimulationExample

The document presents results on the reflections of 2D supersonic waves, highlighting the behavior of shock and expansion waves within a duct. It discusses the interaction of shocks with boundary layers and the resulting flow separation, as well as the use of pathlines to visualize flow direction changes. Additionally, it covers boundary conditions and mesh adaptation techniques necessary for accurately resolving shock gradients.

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Muhammad Tayyab
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13 views9 pages

SupersonicWavesReflectionsDuct SimulationExample

The document presents results on the reflections of 2D supersonic waves, highlighting the behavior of shock and expansion waves within a duct. It discusses the interaction of shocks with boundary layers and the resulting flow separation, as well as the use of pathlines to visualize flow direction changes. Additionally, it covers boundary conditions and mesh adaptation techniques necessary for accurately resolving shock gradients.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Tayyab
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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• DECEMBER 2019

Reflections of 2D Supersonic
Waves
Results

• The static pressure contours show clearly how the shock reflects off the duct walls.
• We can also identify where the expansion fan forms. Looking at the areas of smooth variations of
pressure contours color, we can get an idea on how it reflects and widens along the duct.
• This alternating pattern of shock and expansion reflections continue throughout the duct.

Reflected Expansion

Expansion Fan

Contours of Static Pressure

2
Results

• With the Mach contours we can visualize other phenomena.


• The shocks are easy to visualize. However, due to their interactions with the expansion waves the flow
turns and the shocks get curved, as highlighted by the black straight line below.

Contours of Mach Number

3
Results

• We can also observe that the shock interacts with the boundary layer.
• At the shock nears the wall, it impinges on the boundary layer and forced it to separate.
• This fascinating phenomenon of the physical shock-induced boundary layer separation would be
overlooked if we used the inviscid assumption.

Contours of Mach Number – Flow Separation


Velocity Vectors colored by Mach Number – Flow Separation

4
Results
• The pathlines show how the flow suddenly changes direction past the shock and its reflections, while it
smoothly turns as it crosses the expansion fan and its reflections.
• Interestingly, the fluid experiences a smoother change of direction where the expansion fan and the
shock waves interact.
• The reflections in the duct cause the fluid to have an undulatory motion.

Pathlines overlaid on Mach Contours

5
Appendix
Reflections of 2D Supersonic Waves
Boundary Conditions
• The velocity inlet and the pressure outlet
boundary conditions require the temperature
input to provide well-posed set of the boundary
conditions.
• The velocity inlet require a static value of the
temperature, while the pressure outlet requires
backflow total temperature.
• No reversed flow develops in this problem, thus
the temperature setting at the outlet is not
applied.
• Still, it is a good practice to apply realistic values
of the backflow total temperature at the outlet.
• In order to estimate the total temperature, we
use the isentropic relations as follows:
𝑇 = 150 𝐾 𝑀=3 𝛾 = 1.4
𝛾−1 2
𝑇0 = 𝑇 1 + 𝑀 = 420 𝐾
2

7
Mesh Adaption
• The gradients across the shock are large and require higher mesh resolution
for resolving them. Mesh Adaption can be used to resolve the resolution
across the shocks to obtain thinner, sharper shocks.
• Mesh adaption can be applied using these two steps:
‐ Cell Register: create a cell register using the gradient derivative option for the static Initial Mesh
pressure in order to identify the cells in the shock region.
‐ Refinement: Fluent refines the region identified by the cell register created in the
previous step.

Refinement

Field variable Register Adaption Controls

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