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10 Loops

The document explains loops in Python, specifically the while and for loops, including their syntax and examples. It covers control statements like break and continue, the range function for generating sequences, and the use of nested loops. Additionally, it discusses the for-else construct and the pass statement for placeholder purposes.

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4 views9 pages

10 Loops

The document explains loops in Python, specifically the while and for loops, including their syntax and examples. It covers control statements like break and continue, the range function for generating sequences, and the use of nested loops. Additionally, it discusses the for-else construct and the pass statement for placeholder purposes.

Uploaded by

ravinichathumini22
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Loops

Life is full of routines. In programming we also do lots of repetitive tasks. In order to handle repetitive
task programming languages use loops. Python programming language also provides the following
types of two loops:

1. while loop
2. for loop

While Loop
We use the reserved word while to make a while loop. It is used to execute a block of statements
repeatedly until a given condition is satisfied. When the condition becomes false, the lines of code
after the loop will be continued to be executed.

# syntax
while condition:
code goes here

Example:

count = 0
while count < 5:
print(count)
count = count + 1
#prints from 0 to 4

In the above while loop, the condition becomes false when count is 5. That is when the loop stops.
If we are interested to run block of code once the condition is no longer true, we can use else.

# syntax
while condition:
code goes here
else:
code goes here

Example:
count = 0
while count < 5:
print(count)
count = count + 1
else:
print(count)

The above loop condition will be false when count is 5 and the loop stops, and execution starts the
else statement. As a result 5 will be printed.

Break and Continue - Part 1


Break: We use break when we like to get out of or stop the loop.

# syntax
while condition:
code goes here
if another_condition:
break

Example:

count = 0
while count < 5:
print(count)
count = count + 1
if count == 3:
break

The above while loop only prints 0, 1, 2, but when it reaches 3 it stops.

Continue: With the continue statement we can skip the current iteration, and continue with the
next:

# syntax
while condition:
code goes here
if another_condition:
continue
Example:

count = 0
while count < 5:
if count == 3:
count = count + 1
continue
print(count)
count = count + 1

The above while loop only prints 0, 1, 2 and 4 (skips 3).

For Loop
A for keyword is used to make a for loop, similar with other programming languages, but with some
syntax differences. Loop is used for iterating over a sequence (that is either a list, a tuple, a dictionary,
a set, or a string).

For loop with list

# syntax
for iterator in lst:
code goes here

Example:

numbers = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
for number in numbers: # number is temporary name to refer to the list's items, valid only insid
print(number) # the numbers will be printed line by line, from 0 to 5

For loop with string

# syntax
for iterator in string:
code goes here

Example:
language = 'Python'
for letter in language:
print(letter)

for i in range(len(language)):
print(language[i])

For loop with tuple

# syntax
for iterator in tpl:
code goes here

Example:

numbers = (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
for number in numbers:
print(number)

For loop with dictionary


Looping through a dictionary gives you the key of the dictionary.

# syntax
for iterator in dct:
code goes here

Example:
person = {
'first_name':'Asabeneh',
'last_name':'Yetayeh',
'age':250,
'country':'Finland',
'is_marred':True,
'skills':['JavaScript', 'React', 'Node', 'MongoDB', 'Python'],
'address':{
'street':'Space street',
'zipcode':'02210'
}
}
for key in person:
print(key)

for key, value in person.items():


print(key, value) # this way we get both keys and values printed out

Loops in set

# syntax
for iterator in st:
code goes here

Example:

it_companies = {'Facebook', 'Google', 'Microsoft', 'Apple', 'IBM', 'Oracle', 'Amazon'}


for company in it_companies:
print(company)

Break and Continue - Part 2


Short reminder:
Break: We use break when we like to stop our loop before it is completed.

# syntax
for iterator in sequence:
code goes here
if condition:
break
Example:

numbers = (0,1,2,3,4,5)
for number in numbers:
print(number)
if number == 3:
break

In the above example, the loop stops when it reaches 3.

Continue: We use continue when we like to skip some of the steps in the iteration of the loop.

# syntax
for iterator in sequence:
code goes here
if condition:
continue

Example:

numbers = (0,1,2,3,4,5)
for number in numbers:
print(number)
if number == 3:
continue
print('Next number should be ', number + 1) if number != 5 else print("loop's end") # for sh
print('outside the loop')

In the example above, if the number equals 3, the step after the condition (but inside the loop) is
skipped and the execution of the loop continues if there are any iterations left.

The Range Function


The range() function is used list of numbers. The range(start, end, step) takes three parameters:
starting, ending and increment. By default it starts from 0 and the increment is 1. The range sequence
needs at least 1 argument (end).
Creating sequences using range
lst = list(range(11))
print(lst) # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
st = set(range(1, 11)) # 2 arguments indicate start and end of the sequence, step set to defa
print(st) # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}

lst = list(range(0,11,2))
print(lst) # [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
st = set(range(0,11,2))
print(st) # {0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10}

# syntax
for iterator in range(start, end, step):

Example:

for number in range(11):


print(number) # prints 0 to 10, not including 11

Nested For Loop


We can write loops inside a loop.

# syntax
for x in y:
for t in x:
print(t)

Example:
person = {
'first_name': 'Asabeneh',
'last_name': 'Yetayeh',
'age': 250,
'country': 'Finland',
'is_marred': True,
'skills': ['JavaScript', 'React', 'Node', 'MongoDB', 'Python'],
'address': {
'street': 'Space street',
'zipcode': '02210'
}
}
for key in person:
if key == 'skills':
for skill in person['skills']:
print(skill)

For Else
If we want to execute some message when the loop ends, we use else.

# syntax
for iterator in range(start, end, step):
do something
else:
print('The loop ended')

Example:

for number in range(11):


print(number) # prints 0 to 10, not including 11
else:
print('The loop stops at', number)

Pass
In python when statement is required (after semicolon), but we don't like to execute any code there,
we can write the word pass to avoid errors. Also we can use it as a placeholder, for future statements.

Example:
for number in range(6):
pass

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