LinkedIN Daily BY Rushikesh(Pranav) Kadam

40 Pandas Numpy interview

questions with answers

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Here are 40 Numpy and Pandas interview questions

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with answers for candidates:

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NumPy Interview Questions
1. What is NumPy?
NumPy (Numerical Python) is a library for numerical computing in Python. It
provides support for large, multi-dimensional arrays and matrices, along with
mathematical functions to operate on these structures.

2. How do you install NumPy?

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You can install NumPy using:

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pip install numpy

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3. How do you create a NumPy array?
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

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print(arr) na
4. What are the advantages of NumPy over Python lists?
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●​ Faster operations due to optimized C implementation
●​ Uses less memory
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●​ Supports vectorized operations

●​ Built-in mathematical functions
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5. How do you check the shape and size of a NumPy array?

arr.shape # Returns (rows, columns)
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arr.size # Returns total number of elements

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6. How do you create an array of zeros and ones?

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np.zeros((3, 3)) # 3x3 matrix of zeros

np.ones((2, 2)) # 2x2 matrix of ones
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7. What is the difference between np.arange() and np.linspace()?

●​ np.arange(start, stop, step) generates evenly spaced values within a
range.
●​ np.linspace(start, stop, num) generates a fixed number of points
between start and stop.
Example:

np.arange(1, 10, 2) # Output: [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]

np.linspace(1, 10, 5) # Output: [1, 3.25, 5.5, 7.75, 10]

8. How do you reshape a NumPy array?

arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
arr.reshape(2, 3) # Converts into 2x3 matrix

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9. How do you find the mean, median, and standard deviation in
NumPy?

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np.mean(arr)
np.median(arr)

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np.std(arr)

10. How do you find the maximum and minimum values in a NumPy

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array?
arr.max() # Maximum value
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arr.min() # Minimum value
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11. What is the difference between np.dot() and np.matmul()?

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●​ np.dot() performs element-wise multiplication for 1D arrays and matrix

multiplication for 2D arrays.
●​ np.matmul() strictly performs matrix multiplication.
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12. How do you flatten a NumPy array?

arr.flatten() # Converts multi-dimensional array into a 1D array
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13. What is broadcasting in NumPy?

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Broadcasting allows NumPy to perform operations on arrays of different shapes by

automatically expanding their dimensions.

Example:

a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
b = np.array([[1], [2], [3]])
result = a + b # Broadcasting happens here
14. How do you generate random numbers in NumPy?
np.random.rand(3, 3) # Random numbers between 0 and 1
np.random.randint(1, 100, (3, 3)) # Random integers

15. How do you find unique values in a NumPy array?

np.unique(arr)

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Pandas Interview Questions

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16. What is Pandas?

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Pandas is a Python library used for data analysis and manipulation. It provides data
structures like Series and DataFrame for handling tabular data.

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17. How do you install Pandas?
pip install pandas
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18. What are the two main data structures in Pandas?
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●​ Series: 1D labeled array

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●​ DataFrame: 2D labeled table

19. How do you create a Pandas Series?

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import pandas as pd
s = pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4])
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print(s)
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20. How do you create a Pandas DataFrame?

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data = {'Name': ['Alice', 'Bob'], 'Age': [25, 30]}

df = pd.DataFrame(data)
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21. How do you read data from a CSV file in Pandas?

df = pd.read_csv('data.csv')

22. How do you display the first few rows of a DataFrame?

df.head() # Shows first 5 rows
df.tail() # Shows last 5 rows
23. How do you check for missing values in Pandas?
df.isnull().sum() # Counts missing values in each column

24. How do you fill missing values in Pandas?

df.fillna(0) # Replaces NaN with 0
df.fillna(df.mean()) # Replaces NaN with column mean

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25. How do you remove duplicate rows in Pandas?
df.drop_duplicates()

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26. How do you rename columns in Pandas?

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df.rename(columns={'OldName': 'NewName'}, inplace=True)

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27. How do you filter data in Pandas?
df[df['Age'] > 25]
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28. How do you sort a DataFrame in Pandas?
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df.sort_values(by='Age', ascending=False)
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29. How do you group data in Pandas?

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df.groupby('Category').sum()
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30. How do you merge two DataFrames in Pandas?

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pd.merge(df1, df2, on='key_column')

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31. What is the difference between loc and iloc?

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●​ loc[] selects by label

●​ iloc[] selects by index position

32. How do you apply a function to a column in Pandas?

df['Age'] = df['Age'].apply(lambda x: x + 1)
33. How do you reset the index of a DataFrame?
df.reset_index(drop=True)

34. How do you check the data types of each column?

df.dtypes

35. How do you convert a column to datetime format?

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df['Date'] = pd.to_datetime(df['Date'])

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36. How do you pivot a DataFrame?

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df.pivot(index='Date', columns='Category', values='Sales')

37. What is the difference between a Series and a DataFrame?

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●​ Series: One-dimensional
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●​ DataFrame: Two-dimensional

38. How do you get summary statistics of a DataFrame?

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df.describe()
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39. How do you save a DataFrame to a CSV file?

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df.to_csv('output.csv', index=False)
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40. How do you check memory usage of a DataFrame?

df.memory_usage()
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These 40 NumPy and Pandas interview questions will help you prepare for your
next Data Science or Data Analytics job interview.
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