SOLUTION OF TEST 10

NKN STUDY
BIHAR CIVIL COURT CLERK MAINS

1. Modifier keys (4)

Explanation: These keys modify the function of other keys when used together.

2. Walkie-talkies (1)
Explanation: Half-duplex communication allows data transfer in both directions, but one at a time.

3. Unauthorized attack (1)

Explanation: Firewalls filter network traffic to block unauthorized access and attacks.

4. BIOS (1)
Explanation: BIOS performs system checks and initializes hardware components during startup.

5. SMTP (4)
Explanation: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is used for sending emails between servers.

6. Digital divide (1)

Explanation: The term refers to the gap between those with and without access to digital technology.

7. Trojan Horse (1)

Explanation: Trojans disguise themselves as legitimate software but do not self-replicate.

8. Microsoft PowerPoint (3)

Explanation: Application software is designed for user-specific tasks, like creating presentations.

9. White Hat Hacker (1)

Explanation: Ethical hackers help organizations strengthen their security defenses legally.

10. CTRL + H (2)

Explanation: This shortcut opens the Find and Replace dialog in MS Word for text modifications.

11. 2. 423
12. 3. 25%
13. 4. 54
14. 2. 120 m
15. 3. 20%
16. 3. Rs. 350
17. 3. 1750
18. 3. 14 minutes 40 sec.
19. 1. 39°C
20. 4. Rs.55,000
21. 2. Aunt
22. 3. 112

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 23. 4. UVTCVGIA
24. 4. P
25. 2. 163
26. 1. Mother's mother
27. 4. Suresh
28. 2. R
29. 4. FHJ
30. 4. Saturday

Cybersecurity in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

In the modern digital era, artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized various industries, from healthcare
to finance. However, along with its numerous advantages, AI has also introduced new challenges in
cybersecurity. As cyber threats become more sophisticated, ensuring the security of digital infrastructure
has become a top priority.
AI plays a dual role in cybersecurity—it is both a tool for protection and a weapon for cybercriminals. On
one hand, AI-driven security systems can detect and neutralize threats in real-time, offering advanced
protection against cyberattacks. AI algorithms analyze vast amounts of data to identify patterns and predict
potential risks, enabling proactive defense mechanisms. Additionally, AI-powered authentication systems,
such as biometric recognition, enhance security by reducing human error.
On the other hand, cybercriminals are also exploiting AI to launch complex attacks. AI-powered malware,
deepfake technology, and automated hacking tools pose significant risks to individuals, organizations, and
even governments. AI-driven phishing scams and identity theft tactics are becoming increasingly difficult to
detect.
To address these challenges, cybersecurity experts must adopt a multi-layered approach. This includes
continuous AI-driven threat monitoring, regular software updates, and strict data encryption measures.
Governments and tech companies must collaborate to establish global cybersecurity regulations and
ethical AI usage policies. Additionally, raising awareness about digital safety is crucial to preventing
cybercrimes.
In conclusion, while AI enhances cybersecurity measures, it also creates new vulnerabilities. Striking a
balance between technological advancement and security is essential to ensuring a safe digital future.
Continuous innovation, strict regulations, and public awareness will be key in combating cyber threats in
the age of AI.

The Dangers of Misinformation in the Digital Age

In the era of digital connectivity, information spreads faster than ever before. While this has many
advantages, it also presents a major challenge—the rise of misinformation. False or misleading

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information, often disguised as facts, has serious consequences for individuals and society. Misinformation
can impact public opinion, influence elections, harm reputations, and even threaten public safety.
One of the main reasons misinformation spreads so rapidly is the widespread use of social media. With just
a click, false news can reach millions of people, often without verification. Many individuals unknowingly
share misleading content, contributing to its rapid circulation. Furthermore, algorithms that prioritize
engagement sometimes amplify sensational or false information, making it difficult for users to distinguish
between fact and fiction.
The dangers of misinformation are evident in various fields. In politics, fake news can manipulate voters
and create divisions in society. During health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, false medical advice
can put lives at risk. Additionally, misinformation can damage reputations, leading to financial or social
consequences for individuals and businesses.
To combat misinformation, several measures are necessary. Fact-checking organizations, responsible
journalism, and digital literacy education can help people recognize and verify information before believing
or sharing it. Social media platforms must also take greater responsibility by implementing stricter
regulations to prevent the spread of false content.
In conclusion, misinformation is a significant threat in the digital age. It is crucial for individuals to be
vigilant, verify facts, and rely on credible sources to ensure that truth prevails over deception.

Examination Hall
[Your City]
[Date]

The Editor
[Newspaper Name]
[Newspaper Address]

Subject: Importance of Artificial Intelligence and Its Impact on Employment

Respected Sir/Madam,

I wish to draw attention to the growing significance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in modern life. AI has revolutionized
industries such as healthcare, finance, education, and manufacturing by enhancing efficiency, accuracy, and
productivity. From virtual assistants to automated systems, AI simplifies tasks and improves decision-making.

However, AI’s rapid advancement has sparked concerns about job displacement. Automation is replacing repetitive
jobs, leading to unemployment in some sectors. Yet, AI is also creating new opportunities in data science,
cybersecurity, and AI development. The key lies in adapting to this technological shift by focusing on skill
development and education in emerging fields.

It is crucial for the government and private sector to work together in preparing the workforce for an AI-driven
future. Through proper training and policies, we can ensure AI benefits society while minimizing its negative impacts.

Yours sincerely,
ABC

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Examination Hall
[Your City]
[Date]

To
The Municipal Commissioner
[Municipal Corporation Name]
[City Name]

Subject: Request for Installation of Solar Panels in Public Places

Respected Sir/Madam,

I am writing to request the installation of solar panels in public places to promote the use of renewable energy in our
city. As the world faces increasing environmental challenges, adopting sustainable energy solutions is crucial. Solar
energy is a clean, cost-effective, and eco-friendly alternative that can significantly reduce electricity consumption in
public spaces like parks, bus stops, and government buildings.

By installing solar panels, we can lower dependency on non-renewable sources, reduce electricity bills, and
contribute to a greener environment. Additionally, it will serve as an example for citizens to adopt sustainable
practices. I urge the authorities to consider this initiative for a cleaner and more energy-efficient city.

Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to your positive response.

Yours sincerely,
ABC

3. Idioms and Their Meanings with Sentences:

a) Keep at bay – To prevent something from approaching or affecting you.
Sentence: Regular exercise and a healthy diet help keep diseases at bay.
b) Go the extra mile – To make more effort than expected.
Sentence: She went the extra mile to ensure the success of the project.
c) Throw cold water on – To discourage or dampen enthusiasm.
Sentence: His negative comments threw cold water on our excitement about the trip.
d) Make a mountain out of a molehill – To exaggerate a minor problem.
Sentence: Don’t make a mountain out of a molehill; it's just a small mistake.
e) A storm in a teacup – A lot of fuss about something unimportant.
Sentence: Their argument over a small issue was just a storm in a teacup.
4. One-Word Substitutions:

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a) A person who is unable to make mistakes – Infallible
b) A speech made to oneself – Soliloquy
c) A person who eats only plants – Herbivore
d) A person who walks in their sleep – Somnambulist
e) A word that has the same meaning as another word – Synonym

जिला कलेक्टर को इंटरनेट सुविधाएँ बढाने हे तु पत्र

परीक्षा भिन
दिन ांक: _________

सेव में ,
जिल कलेक्टर महोिय,
_________ (जिले क न म)

ववषय: इांटरनेट सवु वध बढ ने हे तु अनरु ोध

महोिय,

सववनय ननवेिन है कक हम रे ग ाँव/शहर में इांटरनेट सवु वध एाँ सीममत हैं, जिससे ववद्य र्थियों को ऑनल इन
मशक्ष प्र प्त करने में कदिन इयों क स मन करन पड़ रह है। वतिम न समय में डिजिटल मशक्ष अत्यांत
आवश्यक हो गई है , लेककन नेटवकि की धीमी गनत और इांटरनेट कनेजक्टववटी की समस्य के क रण छ त्र
ऑनल इन कक्ष ओां में िीक से भ ग नहीां ले प रहे हैं।

कृपय ववज्ञ न और तकनीक के म ध्यम से मशक्ष प्रण ली को सशक्त बन ने हे तु हम रे क्षेत्र में उच्च गनत
की इांटरनेट सेव उपलब्ध करव ने की पहल करें । इससे छ त्रों को गुणवत्त पूणि ऑनल इन मशक्ष प्र प्त करने
में सह यत ममलेगी और डिजिटल इांडिय क सपन स क र होग ।

आश है कक आप इस समस्य क शीघ्र सम ध न करें गे।

सधन्यव ि।

आपक ववश्व सी,

_________ (अपन न म)
_________ (पत )

प्रधानाचार्य को विज्ञान प्रर्ोगशाला और रोबोटटक्स क्लब स्थावपत करने हे तु पत्र

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सेिा में ,
प्रध न च यि महोिय,
_________ ववद्य लय,
_________ (स्थ न)

विषर्: ववद्य लय में ववज्ञ न प्रयोगश ल और रोबोदटक्स क्लब स्थ वपत करने हे तु अनुरोध

महोिय,

सववनय ननवेिन है कक हम रे ववद्य लय में ववज्ञ न की मशक्ष को और अर्धक प्रभ वी बन ने के मलए एक

आधुननक ववज्ञ न प्रयोगश ल और रोबोदटक्स क्लब की आवश्यकत है। व्य वह ररक ज्ञ न के अभ व में कई
छ त्र ववज्ञ न और तकनीक को केवल पुस्तकों तक सीममत म नते हैं। यदि हम रे ववद्य लय में यह सुववध एाँ
उपलब्ध होंगी, तो छ त्रों को वैज्ञ ननक प्रयोग करने और नवीन तकनीकों को समझने क अवसर ममलेग ।

रोबोदटक्स क्लब से छ त्रों में नव च र और तकनीकी कौशल क ववक स होग , जिससे वे आधुननक ववज्ञ न की
ओर प्रेररत होंगे। कृपय हम रे अनुरोध पर ववच र करें और ववद्य लय में ववज्ञ न प्रयोगश ल व रोबोदटक्स
क्लब की स्थ पन हे तु आवश्यक किम उि एाँ।

आपकी सक र त्मक प्रनतकिय की प्रतीक्ष में।

सधन्र्िाद।
आपक आज्ञ क री छ त्र,
_________ (अपन न म)
_________ कक्ष , अनुभ ग

Q2. ननम्नललखित मह
ु ािरों का अथय एिं प्रर्ोग:

1. आँिों का तारा होना – अत्यर्धक वप्रय होन ।

o िाक्र्: रोहन अपने म त -वपत क आाँखों क त र है।

2. दीिार से लसर पटकना – व्यथि प्रय स करन ।

o िाक्र्: परीक्ष में बबन पढे अच्छे अांक ल ने की कोमशश करन िीव र से मसर पटकने िैस है।

3. छाती पर मँग दलना – ि नबझ

ू कर कष्ट िे न ।

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 o िाक्र्: श्य म ने अपने िश्ु मन के स मने अपनी सफलत क बख न करके उसकी छ ती पर
माँग
ू िल िी।

4. ठनठन गोपाल होना – एकिम ख ली य ननधिन होन ।

o िाक्र्: महांगे शौक के क रण मोहन की िेब हमेश िनिन गोप ल रहती है।

5. कान िडे होना – सतकि हो ि न ।

o िाक्र्: िांगल में अिीब सी आव ज़ सन

ु कर मशक री के क न खड़े हो गए।

Q3. ननम्नललखित शब्दों के दो-दो पर्ायर्िाची शब्द:

1. नतलमर – अांधक र, तम

2. पाियती – गौरी, उम

3. र्मुना – क मलांिी, सुरसरी

4. िलधध – समुद्र, स गर

5. हुताशन – अजनन, अनल

Q4. ननम्नललखित िाक्र्ों के शुद्ध रूप:

1. मुझे नहीं पता कक िह कहाँ गर्ा था। (शुद्ध व क्य सही है ।)

2. बच्चे मैदान में िेल रहे हैं।

3. तुम्हें विद्र्ालर् िाना चाटहए था।

4. उसने मुझसे कहा कक मैं तुम्हें बुला दँ ।

5. मुझे ककताबें पढने की इच्छा रहती है ।

1. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) performs arithmetic and logical operations.

Explanation: It executes mathematical calculations (addition, subtraction, etc.) and logical
operations (AND, OR, NOT).

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2. Data Link Layer
Explanation: This layer is responsible for detecting and correcting errors in data transmission.
3. Redundant Array of Independent Disks
Explanation: RAID is used to improve data redundancy and performance by combining multiple
hard drives.
4. Universal Serial Bus
Explanation: USB is a standard interface for connecting peripherals like keyboards, mice, and
storage devices.
5. Windows Key
Explanation: Pressing the Windows key opens the Start Menu in Windows operating systems.

1. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

Explanation: He was the chairman of the drafting committee of the Indian Constitution.
2. Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee
Explanation: He was the first president of the Indian National Congress in 1885.
3. 1942
Explanation: The Quit India Movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi on 8th August 1942
against British rule.
4. Rakesh Sharma
Explanation: He became the first Indian to travel to space in 1984 aboard the Soviet spacecraft
Soyuz T-11.
5. 1974
Explanation: India conducted its first nuclear test, Smiling Buddha, on 18th May 1974 in Pokhran.
6. Dr. Jonas Salk
Explanation: He developed the first successful polio vaccine in 1955.
7. Nitrogen
Explanation: Nitrogen makes up about 78% of the Earth's atmosphere.
8. Oxygen transport in blood
Explanation: Hemoglobin carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and gives blood its
red color.
9. Corona
Explanation: The Sun's corona is visible during a total solar eclipse.
10. Aryabhata
Explanation: Launched by India on 19th April 1975, Aryabhata was the country's first satellite.

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11. Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Explanation: DNA carries genetic instructions for growth, development, and reproduction.
12. Indore . India's First PPP Green Waste Processing Plant to Be Set up in Indore.
13. "Caring and Sharing," . The theme for the International Day of Happiness 2025 is "Caring and
Sharing,"
14. Mumbai Indians
15. Nobel Prize in Computing

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