Scribd
Upload
4 views5 pages

Science Topics Summary

The document provides summaries of various science topics including genetics, plants, rate of reaction, common salts, and fetal development. Each section outlines definitions, key concepts, applications, and care tips relevant to the respective topics. The information serves as a concise overview of fundamental scientific principles and their implications.

Uploaded by

xakalo2408
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views5 pages

Science Topics Summary

The document provides summaries of various science topics including genetics, plants, rate of reaction, common salts, and fetal development. Each section outlines definitions, key concepts, applications, and care tips relevant to the respective topics. The information serves as a concise overview of fundamental scientific principles and their implications.

Uploaded by

xakalo2408
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Science Topics Summary

Genetics

Definition:

Genetics is the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.

Key Concepts:

- DNA: The molecule that carries genetic information.

- Genes: Segments of DNA that determine traits.

- Chromosomes: Structures that hold genes; humans have 46 (23 pairs).

- Genotype vs. Phenotype:

- Genotype: Genetic makeup (e.g., Bb)

- Phenotype: Physical expression (e.g., brown eyes)

- Inheritance:

- Dominant and recessive traits

- Mendel's laws: segregation and independent assortment

Applications: Genetic testing, gene therapy, GMOs.


Science Topics Summary

Plants

Definition:

Plants are multicellular organisms that typically produce their own food through photosynthesis.

Key Concepts:

- Photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

- Plant Parts:

- Roots: Absorb water and nutrients

- Stems: Support and transport

- Leaves: Photosynthesis

- Flowers: Reproduction

- Plant Reproduction:

- Sexual (seeds via pollination)

- Asexual (cuttings, runners)

- Adaptations: Cactus (water storage), vines (climbing)

Uses: Food, oxygen, medicine, clothing.


Science Topics Summary

Rate of Reaction

Definition:

The rate of a chemical reaction is how fast reactants turn into products.

Key Factors:

- Temperature: Higher temperature faster reaction

- Concentration: More particles faster reaction

- Surface Area: More exposed area faster

- Catalysts: Speed up reactions without being used

- Pressure (gases): More pressure faster

Rate Formula: Rate = change in concentration / time

Graphs: Steeper slope = faster reaction

Examples: Rusting (slow), combustion (fast), enzyme reactions.


Science Topics Summary

Common Salts

Definition:

Salts are ionic compounds formed by neutralization of acids and bases.

Examples:

- Sodium chloride (NaCl): Table salt

- Potassium nitrate (KNO3): Fertilizer

- Calcium carbonate (CaCO3): Chalk, antacid

Formation:

Acid + Base Salt + Water

Types:

- Normal salts (e.g., NaCl)

- Acid salts (e.g., NaHSO4)

- Basic salts (e.g., Mg(OH)Cl)

Uses: Cooking, preservation, industry, de-icing, medicine.


Science Topics Summary

Care in Fetus Development

Definition:

Fetal development is the process of growth and maturation of the baby inside the womb.

Stages:

- First Trimester: Organ development begins

- Second Trimester: Growth, movement felt

- Third Trimester: Final growth, organs mature

Care Tips:

- Nutrition: Folic acid, iron, calcium, protein

- Avoid harmful substances: Alcohol, smoking, certain meds

- Regular checkups and ultrasounds

- Exercise: Light and safe (e.g., walking, prenatal yoga)

- Emotional support and rest

Importance: Ensures healthy development and reduces birth complications.

You might also like