Activity Data Type

Number of beatings from Wife discrete

Results of rolling a dice discrete
Weight of a person continuous
Weight of Gold continuous
Distance between two places continuous
Length of a leaf continuous
Dog's weight continuous
Blue Color discrete
Number of kids discrete
Number of tickets in Indian railways discrete
Number of times married discrete
Gender (Male or Female) discrete
Q1) Identify the Data type for the Following:

Q2) Identify the Data types, which were among the following
Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio.
Data Data Type
Gender nominal
High School Class Ranking ordinal
Celsius Temperature interval
Weight ratio
Hair Color nominal
Socioeconomic Status ordinal
Fahrenheit Temperature interval
Height ratio
Type of living accommodation nominal
Level of Agreement ordinal
IQ(Intelligence Scale) interval
Sales Figures ratio
Blood Group nominal
Time Of Day ordinal
Time on a Clock with Hands interval
Number of Children ratio
Religious Preference nominal
 Barometer Pressure ratio
SAT Scores interval
Years of Education ordinal

Q3) Three Coins are tossed, find the probability that two heads and one tail are
obtained?
Ans: sample s= {H, T}, {H, T}, {H, T}
2 HEADS ans 1 TAIL E= {HHT,HTH,THH}
P(X=2) = P(HHT) +P(HTH) +P(THH)
=1/2 .1/2 .1/2 + 1/2 .1/2.1/2 +1/2. 1/2 . 1/2
=3/8

Q4) Two Dice are rolled, find the probability that sum is
a) Equal to 1
b) Less than or equal to 4
c) Sum is divisible by 2 and 3

ANS:
a) If two dices were rolled, then total possible cases =36
Total Favourable cases (Having sum =1) = 0
As minimum sum is 2 for outcome (1,1).
Hence, probability is 0.

b)possibilities of sum is less than or equal to 4 are (1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (2,2)
(2,3)
probability(<=4) = (1,1)+ (1,2)+ (1,3)+ (2,2) +(2,3)
=1/36+ 1/36+ 1/36+ 1/36 +1/36
=5/36

c) Favorable outcomes = sum is divisible by 2 and 3

Sum should be divisible by both 2 and 3

 Favorable outcomes = (1 , 5) , (3 , 3) , (4 , 2) , (5 , 1) , (6 , 6)

Therefore,

Number of favorable outcomes = 5

Thus the probability that sum is divisible by 2 and 3 is 5/36.

Q5) A bag contains 2 red, 3 green and 2 blue balls. Two balls are drawn at
random. What is the probability that none of the balls drawn is blue?

Ans: Total number of balls = (2 + 3 + 2) = 7

Let S be the sample space.

Then, n(S) = Number of ways of drawing 2 balls out of 7

= 7C2

=(7*6)/(2*1)

=21

Let E = Event of drawing 2 balls, none of which is blue.

∴n(E)= Number of ways of drawing 2 balls out of (2 + 3) balls.

=5C2

=(5*4)/(2*1)

=10

∴P(E)=n(E)/n(S)

=10/21
Q6) Calculate the Expected number of candies for a randomly selected child
Below are the probabilities of count of candies for children (ignoring the nature of
the child-Generalized view)
CHILD Candies count Probability
A 1 0.015
B 4 0.20
C 3 0.65
D 5 0.005
E 6 0.01
F 2 0.120
Child A – probability of having 1 candy = 0.015.
Child B – probability of having 4 candies = 0.20

Ans: Expected number of candies for a randomly selected child

= 1 * 0.015 + 4*0.20 + 3 *0.65 + 5*0.005 + 6 *0.01 + 2 * 0.12
= 0.015 + 0.8 + 1.95 + 0.025 + 0.06 + 0.24
= 3.09

Q7) Calculate Mean, Median, Mode, Variance, Standard Deviation, Range &
comment about the values / draw inferences, for the given dataset
- For Points,Score,Weigh>
Find Mean, Median, Mode, Variance, Standard Deviation, and Range
and also Comment about the values/ Draw some inferences.

Use Q7.csv file

Q8) Calculate Expected Value for the problem below
a) The weights (X) of patients at a clinic (in pounds), are
108, 110, 123, 134, 135, 145, 167, 187, 199
Assume one of the patients is chosen at random. What is the Expected
Value of the Weight of that patient?
Ans : Expected Value = ∑ ( probability * Value )
= ∑ P(x).E(x)
there are 9 patients
Probability of selecting each patient = 1/9
E(x): 108, 110, 123, 134, 135, 145, 167, 187, 199
P(x): 1/9 , 1/9 , 1/9 , 1/9 , 1/9 , 1/9, 1/9 , 1/9 , 1/9
Expected Value = (1/9)(108) + (1/9)110 + (1/9)123 + (1/9)134 + (1/9)135 +
(1/9)145 + (1/9(167) + (1/9)187 + (1/9)199
= (1/9) ( 108 + 110 + 123 + 134 + 135 + 145 + 167 + 187 + 199)
= (1/9) ( 1308)
= 145.33
Expected Value of the Weight of that patient = 145.33

Q9) Calculate Skewness, Kurtosis & draw inferences on the following data
Cars speed and distance
Use Q9_a.csv

Index speed dist

1 4 2
2 4 10
3 7 4 This chart isn't available in your version of Excel.
4 7 22
5 8 16 Editing this shape or saving this workbook into a different file format will
6 9 10 permanently break the chart.
7 10 18
8 10 26
9 10 34
10 11 17
11 11 28
12 12 14
13 12 20
14 12 24
15 12 28
16 13 26
17 13 34
18 13 34
19 13 46
20 14 26 skewness -0.11751 0.806895
21 14 36 kurtosis -0.50899 0.405053
22 14 60
23 14 80
24 15 20
25 15 26
26 15 54
27 16 32
28 16 40
29 17 32
30 17 40
31 17 50
32 18 42
33 18 56
34 18 76
35 18 84
36 19 36
37 19 46
38 19 68
39 20 32
40 20 48
41 20 52
42 20 56
43 20 64
44 22 66 This chart isn't available in your version of Excel.
45 23 54
46 24 70 Editing this shape or saving this workbook into a
47 24 92 different file format will permanently break the chart.
48 24 93
49 24 120
50 25 85

SP and Weight(WT)
Use Q9_b.csv
Q10) Draw inferences about the following boxplot & histogram

HISTOGRAM: 1. It is right skewness

2. mean is higher than the median

3. standard deviation is 50.

4. there is no outlier.
BOXPLOT: 1. Median is located at centre.

2. it is right skewness.

3. there are multiple outliers.

Q11) Suppose we want to estimate the average weight of an adult

male in Mexico. We draw a random sample of 2,000 men from a
population of 3,000,000 men and weigh them. We find that the
average person in our sample weighs 200 pounds, and the
standard deviation of the sample is 30 pounds. Calculate
94%,98%,96% confidence interval?
ANS: n=2000
Sample mean(x)= 200 pounds
Sample std(s)= 30 ponds
Here, n>30 therefore go for z-value
Confidence interval= x ±z(α-1) s/√n

1. confidence interval at 94% or 0.94

 CI=x±z×s/√n
= 200±1.8808×30/√2000
= 200±1.262
= [198.738-201.262]
2. CI for 98%
CI= x±z×s/√n
= 200±2.3263×30/√2000
= 200±1.561
=[198.439-201.561]
3. CI for 96%
CI= x±z×s/√n
= 200±2.0537×30/√2000
= 200±1.378
= 198.622-201.378]

Q12) Below are the scores obtained by a student in tests

34,36,36,38,38,39,39,40,40,41,41,41,41,42,42,45,49,56
1) Find mean, median, variance, standard deviation.
2) What can we say about the student marks?

Ans: 2. Mean = median

Must follow normal distribution.

Q13) What is the nature of skewness when mean, median of data are equal?
Ans : if mean=median, skewness is zero.
Q14) What is the nature of skewness when mean > median ?
Ans: if mean>median, distribution is positively skewed.
Q15) What is the nature of skewness when median > mean?
Ans: if median>mean, distribution is negatively skewed.

Q16) What does positive kurtosis value indicates for a data ?

Ans: positive kurtosis value indicates that distribution of data is peak and thick
tails.
Q17) What does negative kurtosis value indicates for a data?
Ans: negative kurtosis value indicates that distribution of data is flat and thin tails.
Q18) Answer the below questions using the below boxplot visualization.

What can we say about the distribution of the data?

Ans: Distribution of data is unsymmetrical, because median is not middle of the
box.
What is nature of skewness of the data?
Ans: It is left skewed of the data.
What will be the IQR of the data (approximately)?
Ans: Q1= 10
Q3= 18
Q2(IQR)= Q3-Q1
= 18-10
 = 8.

Q19) Comment on the below Boxplot visualizations?

Draw an Inference from the

distribution of data for Boxplot 1 with respect Boxplot 2.

Ans: a) box 1 and box 2 are different.

b) Median: both the medians of the box 1 and box 2 are lies at middle of
the box.
c) Whiskers: box 1 has shorter whisker that means distribution of data is
compare to box 1 so distribution of the data is wider.
d) There are no outliers in box 1 and box 2.

Q 20) Calculate probability from the given dataset for the below cases
 Data _set: Cars.csv
Calculate the probability of MPG of Cars for the below cases.
MPG <- Cars$MPG
a. P(MPG>38)
b. P(MPG<40)
c. P (20<MPG<50)

Q 21) Check whether the data follows normal distribution

a) Check whether the MPG of Cars follows Normal Distribution
Dataset: Cars.csv

b) Check Whether the Adipose Tissue (AT) and Waist Circumference(Waist)

from wc-at data set follows Normal Distribution
Dataset: wc-at.csv

Q 22) Calculate the Z scores of 90% confidence interval,94% confidence

interval, 60% confidence interval
Ans:

Q 23) Calculate the t scores of 95% confidence interval, 96% confidence

interval, 99% confidence interval for sample size of 25
Ans:
 Q 24) A Government company claims that an average light bulb lasts
270 days. A researcher randomly selects 18 bulbs for testing. The
sampled bulbs last an average of 260 days, with a standard
deviation of 90 days. If the CEO's claim were true, what is the
probability that 18 randomly selected bulbs would have an
average life of no more than 260 days
Hint:
rcode  pt(tscore,df)
df  degrees of freedom
Ans: population mean/avg µ= 270
No. of random bulbs n = 18
Sample mean/avg x = 260
Standard deviation s = 90
Probability (x<260) =?
n<30, therefore conduct t-test
i.e t=(x-µ)
s/√n
=(260-270)
90/√18
=-10
21.226
t=-0.4711

p(x<260)= .