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in

Subject: Data Communication and Computer Network (314318)

Branch: CO4K

Academic Year: 2025- 2030

Semester: Fourth Semester

A product by MSBTE STORE

Project Name - Report on Transmission Modes in a computer network

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Annexure – I

Report on Transmission Modes in a computer network

1.0 Aims of the micro project

The aim of a report on transmission modes in a computer network is to:

●​ Explain the different types of transmission modes (simplex, half-duplex, and

full-duplex)

●​ Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each mode

●​ Identify the most appropriate mode for different applications

●​ Provide examples of real-world applications that use each mode

The report should be well-organized and easy to understand. It should use clear and concise
language, and it should be free of errors. The report should also be comprehensive, covering
all of the important aspects of transmission modes in computer networks.

2.0 Course outcome addressed.

The course outcome of a report on transmission modes in a computer network could
include the following:

●​ The student will be able to explain the different types of transmission modes.
●​ The student will be able to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each mode.
●​ The student will be able to identify the most appropriate mode for different
applications.
●​ The student will be able to provide examples of real-world applications that use each
mode.
●​ The student will be able to write a well-organized and easy-to-understand report.
●​ The student will be able to use clear and concise language in their report.
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3.0 Proposed methodology

The methodology of a report on transmission modes in a computer network could include
the following steps:

1.​ Define the scope of the report. What will be the focus of the report? What topics will
be covered?
2.​ Gather research materials. This could include textbooks, articles, online resources,
and interviews with experts.
3.​ Analyze the research materials. What are the key findings of the research? What are
the advantages and disadvantages of each transmission mode?
4.​ Write the report. This should be a well-organized and easy-to-understand document
that uses clear and concise language.
5.​ Format the report. The report should be properly formatted, using a consistent style
and format throughout.
6.​ Cite your sources. All of the sources that you used in your research should be
properly cited.

4.0 Action Plan

Sr. Plan start Name of responsible team

Detail of activity Plan finish date
No date members

collect information on the

1
internet

2 create a micro project format

input micro project information

3
in ms word

create ms word file and show

4
file to guide

after confirmation print the

5
project report
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5.0 Resources used

Sr. no. Name of resource material Specifications Quantity

Data Communication and Computer

1 Textbook 1
Network

2 internet Wikipedia

3 PC windows 11 1

Name of Group Members

-------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------
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Annexure-II

Report on Transmission Modes in a computer network

1.0 Brief Description:-

Data transmission

Data needs to be transmitted between devices in a computer system. Data is transmitted in

the form of bits. So an 8-bit byte, which stands for a single character, will be transmitted in 8
parts, one signal for each bit.

Data transmission refers to the movement of data in the form of bits between two or more
digital devices. This transfer of data takes place and some form of transmission media.

Data transmission types

Data transmission has been categorized into two types namely parallel and serial
transmission. Serial transmission is further classified into synchronous and asynchronous
transmission.
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Parallel Transmission:

• In the parallel transmission of data, all the bits of a byte are transmitted simultaneously on
separate wires. This type requires multiple circuits for interconnecting the two devices.

• It is practically possible only if two devices are close to each other.

• E.g. Data transmission between computer and printer.

• In parallel transmission, all the bits of data are transmitted simultaneously on separate
communication lines.

•Parallel transmission is used for short-distance communication.

• In order to transmit n bits, n wires or lines are used.

• More costly.

• Faster than serial transmission. Data can be transmitted in less time.

This diagram represents the parallel transmission of 8-bit digital data.

This will require 8 wires for connecting two devices.

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Advantages of parallel transmission:

1.​ All the data bits will be transmitted simultaneously, so the time required for
transmission of the number of bits will be only one clock cycle.
2.​ Due to transmission in only one clock cycle, the clock frequency can be kept low
without affecting the speed of operation.
3.​ Faster because all the bits are traveling at the same time.

Disadvantages of parallel transmission:

1.​ Transmission of N bits will require an N number of wires.

2.​ With the increase of users these wires will be too many to handle.
3.​ Due to fine tolerances (resistances) in the transmission, it is less reliable as the bits
can become muddled up (as they may arrive out of order).

Serial Transmission

1.​ In the serial transmission of data, all the bits of a byte are transmitted serially one
after the other on the same wire.
2.​ This type doesn't require multiple circuits for interconnecting the two devices,
indeed it just requires 1 wire to connect.
3.​ It is practically possible in all sorts of situations close or far. E.g. Data transmission
between computer and computer.
4.​ In serial transmission, the various bits of data are transmitted serially one after the
other.
5.​ It requires only one communication line rather than lines to transmit data from
sender to receiver.
6.​ Thus all the bits of data are transmitted
7.​ on single lines in serial fashion. ·
8.​ Less costly.
9.​ Long-distance transmission.
10.​ This diagram represents the serial transmission of 8-bit digital data.
11.​ This will require only one wire for connecting two devices.
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Advantages of serial transmission:

1.​ Only one wire is required.

2.​ Reduced cost due to less number of conductors
3.​ Simple and reliable because the next bit is not transmitted until the current one has
arrived at its destination. So little or no chance of the bits arriving out or order and
can be used over long distances – see parallel transmission on the next slide for more
explanation of this.

Disadvantages of serial transmission:

1. Slow, because only one bit can be transmitted at a time.

2. To increase the speed of data transfer, clock frequency needs to be increased.

Types of Serial Transmission

In data communication, Timing control of the reception of bits is important. There are two
methods of timing control for the reception of bits.
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1. Asynchronous data transmission:

In asynchronous transmission, the transmitter transmits data bytes at any instant of

time. Only one byte is sent at a time. There is an ideal time between two data bytes. The
transmitter and receiver operate at different clock frequencies. To help the receiver 'start'
and 'stop' bits are used along with data in the middle. The ideal time between bytes is not
constant. They are also known as gaps. In asynchronous transmission timing of the signal is
not important.

Advantages of asynchronous transmission:

1.​ Sync between devices is not necessary.

2.​ It is a cheap scheme.

Disadvantages of synchronous transmission:

1.​ The use of 'start' and 'stop' bits and gaps between data makes transmission slow.
2.​ The timing errors can take place.
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2. Synchronous data transmission:

In synchronous transmission, data transmission is carried out under the control of a

common master clock. Bytes are transmitted as a block in a continuous stream of bits. The
transmitter and Receiver operate at synchronized clock frequencies. No 'start' and 'stop' bits
are used. No need for an ideal time between data bytes. In synchronous transmission timing
of the signal is important.

Sends only one character at a time (one byte of data at a time) Synchronize two devices
using Start Bit and Stop Bit. Start bit refers to the start of the data. Usually, O is used for the
start bit. The stop bit indicates the end of the data. more than one bit can be used for the
end.

Advantages of asynchronous transmission:

1.​ Speed of data is much higher because of no 'start' and 'stop' bits and continuity.
2.​ Timing errors are reduced due to sync.

Disadvantages of synchronous transmission:

1.​ Accuracy of data is entirely dependent on timing.

2.​ The transmitter and receiver need to be properly synchronized.
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Transmission modes

The term transmission mode defines the direction of the flow of information between two
communication devices i.e It tells the direction of signal flow between the two devices.

There are three ways or modes of data transmission: Simplex, Half duplex (HDX), Full
duplex (FDX)

1.​ Simplex Transmission Mode.

2.​ Half Duplex Transmission Mode
3.​ Full-Duplex Transmission Mode.
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1. Simplex Transmission Mode

In Communication Networks, Communication can take place in one direction connected

to such a circuit is either a send only or receive only device. There is no mechanism for
information to be transmitted back to the sender. Communication is unidirectional. TV
broadcasting is an example. Simplex transmission generally involves dedicated circuits.
Simplex circuits are analogous to escalators, doorbells, fire alarms, and security systems.

In simplex mode transmission information is sent in only one direction. Device connected in
simplex mode is either sent only or received only, that is one device can only send, and
another device can only receive. Communication is unidirectional.

Examples of Simplex mode:

1.​ Communication between a computer and a keyboard involves simple duplex

transmission. A television broadcast is an example of simple duplex transmission.
2.​ Another example of simplex transmission is the loudspeaker system. An announcer
speaks into a microphone and his/her voice is sent through an amplifier and then to
all the speakers.
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2. Half Duplex Transmission Mode

A half-duplex system can transmit data in both directions, but only in one
direction at a time which means half-duplex modes support two-way traffic but in only one
direction at a time. The interactive transmission of data within a time-sharing system may be
best suited to half-duplex lines. Both the connected devices can transmit and receive but not
simultaneously. When one device is sending the other can only receive and vice-versa. Data
is transmitted in one direction at a time, for example. a walkie-talkie.

In half-duplex transmission, data can be sent in both directions, but only in one direction at a
time. Both the connected devices can transmit and receive but not simultaneously. When
one device is sending the other can only receive and vice-versa.

Example of half-duplex mode:

A walkie-talkie operates in half-duplex mode. It can only send or receive a transmission at

any given time. It cannot do both at the same time. As shown in fig. computer A sends
information to the computer .
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3. Full-Duplex Transmission Mode.

A full-duplex system can transmit data simultaneously in both directions on the
transmission path. The full-duplex method is used to transmit the data over a serial
communication link. Two wires are needed to send data over a serial communication link
layer. Full-duplex transmission, the channel capacity is shared by both communicating
devices at all times. Both the connected devices can transmit and receive at the same time.
Therefore it represents the truly bi-directional system. The link may contain two separate
transmission paths one for sending and another for receiving. In full-duplex transmission,
data can be sent in both directions simultaneously. Both the connected devices can transmit
and receive at the same time. Therefore it represents the truly bi-directional system. In
full-duplex mode, signals going in either Direction share the full capacity of the link.

Example of Full-duplex mode:

Telephone networks operate in full-duplex mode when two persons talk on a telephone line,
both can listen and speak simultaneously.
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2.0 Actual Resources Used

Sr. no. Name of resource material Specifications Quantity

Data Communication and Computer

1 textbook 1
Network

2 internet Wikipedia

3 PC windows 11 1
​

4.0 Skill Developed / Learning outcomes of this Micro-Project

The report on transmission modes in a computer network can help you develop the
following skills:

●​ Research skills: You will need to gather information about transmission modes from a
variety of sources, including textbooks, articles, and online resources. This will help
you develop your research skills, such as how to find reliable sources and how to
evaluate the quality of information.

●​ Writing skills: You will need to write a well-organized and easy-to-understand report.
This will help you develop your writing skills, such as how to structure your writing,
how to use clear and concise language, and how to proofread your work.

●​ Critical thinking skills: You will need to analyze the information that you gather and to
identify the key findings. This will help you develop your critical thinking skills, such
as how to identify bias and how to evaluate the validity of arguments.

●​ Problem-solving skills: You will need to identify and solve problems related to
transmission modes. This will help you develop your problem-solving skills, such as
how to identify the root cause of a problem and how to develop a solution.

●​ Communication skills: You will need to communicate your findings to others. This will
help you develop your communication skills, such as how to give presentations and
how to write clear and concise reports.

In addition to these specific skills, the report on transmission modes in a computer network
can also help you develop a deeper understanding of computer networking. This
understanding can be valuable in a variety of careers, such as network engineering, system
administration, and security analysis.
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5.0 Applications of this Micro-Project

The report on transmission modes in a computer network can help you develop the
following skills:

●​ Research skills: You will need to gather information about transmission modes from a
variety of sources, including textbooks, articles, and online resources. This will help
you develop your research skills, such as how to find reliable sources and how to
evaluate the quality of information.

●​ Writing skills: You will need to write a well-organized and easy-to-understand report.
This will help you develop your writing skills, such as how to structure your writing,
how to use clear and concise language, and how to proofread your work.

●​ Critical thinking skills: You will need to analyze the information that you gather and to
identify the key findings. This will help you develop your critical thinking skills, such
as how to identify bias and how to evaluate the validity of arguments.

●​ Problem-solving skills: You will need to identify and solve problems related to
transmission modes. This will help you develop your problem-solving skills, such as
how to identify the root cause of a problem and how to develop a solution.

●​ Communication skills: You will need to communicate your findings to others. This will
help you develop your communication skills, such as how to give presentations and
how to write clear and concise reports.

In addition to these specific skills, the report on transmission modes in a computer network
can also help you develop a deeper understanding of computer networking. This
understanding can be valuable in a variety of careers, such as network engineering, system
administration, and security analysis.
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Conclusion
In conclusion, the report on transmission modes in a computer network has discussed the
different types of transmission modes, their advantages and disadvantages, and how they
are applied in real-world networks. The report has also highlighted the skills that can be
developed by writing a report on transmission modes, and the applications of the report in
different situations.

The report has shown that the choice of transmission mode is an important consideration
when designing and troubleshooting computer networks. The different transmission modes
have different trade-offs, and the most appropriate mode for a particular network will
depend on the specific requirements of the network.

The report has also shown that the skills developed by writing a report on transmission
modes are valuable in a variety of careers, such as network engineering, system
administration, and security analysis. These skills can help professionals to select the most
appropriate transmission mode for a new network, troubleshoot problems with a network,
and assess the security of a network.

The report has concluded by highlighting the importance of understanding the different
transmission modes and their implications. This understanding can be helpful for students,
professionals, and anyone else who is interested in computer networking.

Here are some key takeaways from the report:

●​ There are three main types of transmission modes: simplex, half-duplex, and
full-duplex.
●​ The choice of transmission mode depends on the specific requirements of the
network.
●​ The different transmission modes have different trade-offs, such as bandwidth,
reliability, and cost.
●​ The skills developed by writing a report on transmission modes are valuable in a
variety of careers.
●​ Understanding the different transmission modes and their implications is important
for anyone who is interested in computer networking.
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Reference
1. https://msbtestore.com/

2. https://www.wikipedia.org/

3. https://www.google.com/
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