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Structured Programming
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 Objectives

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 Define structured programming

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 Describe the benefits of structured programs

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 Identify the modeling tool used for structured

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programming
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 Explain the top-down structured technique used in
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program designing
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 Explain the elements of structured programs

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 Introduction

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Structured programming:

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 Is also called as modular programming

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 Is a programming approach

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 Applies a logical structure on a program to make it efficient
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and easier to understand and modify
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 Regularly uses a top-down design model, in which

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developers plan the whole program structure, and then

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divide it into subsections

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 Benefits of Structured Programming 1-2

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 The advantages of structured programming are described as follows:

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• Modules can be used multiple times. This reduces

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Code reuse complexity, saves time, and increases reliability

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• This equips programmers to confront problems
Modularity logically. By splitting a large problem solution into

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smaller portions

Better flow C• Structured programming promotes better flow as

each operation or task is properly segmented or
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separated
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• Structured programming increases productivity as

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Increased productivity time taken for error detection and error handling is
reduced
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Easier debugging and • It is also easier to update or fix issues in the

program by replacing individual modules rather
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maintenance than modifying or fixing larger amounts of code

 Benefits of Structured Programming 2-2

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Structured programming method results in a

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hierarchical or layered program structure

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 Unified Modeling Language (UML) 1-3

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UML:

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 Is a popular, standardized modeling tool used in structured

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programming and OOP systems

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 Is used to specify, visualize, modify, construct, and
document the requirements and specifications of a

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software system under development
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 Helps designers and developers to read and circulate
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system structures
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 Provides the formalization and visualization, which make

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the requirements clear and concise

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 Unified Modeling Language (UML) 2-3

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Basic UML legends that are used in different kinds of

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UML diagrams are as follows:

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 Unified Modeling Language (UML) 3-3

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 Modeling views offered by UML are as follows:

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 Sequence Diagrams

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 Collaboration Diagrams

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 Activity Diagrams

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 State Chart Diagrams C
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 Class Diagrams
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 Component Diagrams
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 Deployment Diagrams
 Structure Charts 1-2

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A structure chart is a graphic representation of the

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decomposition of a problem

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It is a tool to assist in software designing

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It is particularly helpful while solving large problems
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A structure chart is not a flowchart; it has no logical

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sequence of tasks
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Structure Charts 2-2

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 Top-Down Structured Technique 1-2

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Is the process of dividing the overall task into smaller

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components

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Signifies breaking a difficult task down and solving

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pieces independently until every step can easily be

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implemented
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Emphasizes planning and a complete understanding
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of the system
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Is implemented by attaching the stubs in place of the

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modules
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Top-Down Structured Technique 2-2

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 Elements of Structured Programs 1-2

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Five basic elements• of programming
Variables represent thepresent
data in most

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languages
Variables are as follows:
• The data can range from something very
simple, such as the age of a person, to

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something very complex

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• Loops allow carrying out execution of a group
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• Conditionals specify execution of a group of

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Conditionals statements depending on whether or not

some condition is satisfied
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Elements of Structured Programs 2-2

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Input/output • This will allow interaction of the program with
external entities

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Subroutines C
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• This will allow putting frequently used snippets of
code into one location, which can then be used
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and functions repeatedly

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 Summary

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 Structured programming is a programming approach that implements a
logical structure on a program to make it competent and easier to

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comprehend and modify

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 UML is a popular modeling language used to specify, visualize, modify,
construct, and document the requirements and specification of an object-

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oriented software system

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 A structure chart is a graphical representation of the decomposition of a
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problem. It is a tool to assist in software designing

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 Top-down structured technique is the process of dividing the overall task

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into smaller components

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