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Operators
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 Objectives

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Define operators

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List the different types of operators

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Describe the use of arithmetical operators

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Describe the use of relational operators to

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make comparisons
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Explain the process of associating selections
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with logical operators

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Identify the precedence of operators in an

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expression
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 Introduction

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Computer operations can

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be arithmetic such as

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addition, division, or even

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comparison where one

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variable is compared to
another variable.
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These kinds of operations

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are performed using

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operators.
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 Operators

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Operators:

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A set of symbols that help to manipulate or

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perform some sort of function on data

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The three types of operators are as follows:
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Arithmetic Operators
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Relational Operators
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Logical Operators
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 Using Arithmetic Operators 1-3

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Arithmetic operators:

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Help to manipulate numeric data

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Help perform common arithmetic operation on

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the data

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 Using Arithmetic Operators 2-3

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The table shows a list of arithmetic operators

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common to most programming languages.

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Operator Description Example Result C Equivalent

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+ Addition 9+2 11 +

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- Subtraction 9–2 7 -
/ Division
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* Multiplication 9*2 18 *
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^ Exponentiatio 9^2 81 ^
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MOD Modulus 9 MOD 2 1 %

- Negation -9 -9 -
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 Using Arithmetic Operators 3-3

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The negation operator

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Requires only a single operand

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Is also known as a unary operator

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All other operators require two operands and
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are known as binary operators.
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 Precedence between Arithmetic
Operators

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The table shows the order in which each arithmetic

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operator precedes over other arithmetic operators.

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Precedence Operator Description

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1 ++ Increment
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3 C--
*, /, MOD
Decrement
Multiplication, Division,
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Modulus
4 +, - Addition, Subtraction
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 Using Relational Operators 1-2

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Relational operators:

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Compare two or more values or expressions and

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always return either ‘True’ or ‘False’

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Are binary operators

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 Using Relational Operators 2-2

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The table shows a list of relational operators

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common to most languages.

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Operator Description Example Result C Equivalent

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< Less than 2<9 True <
<= Less than or Equal 2<=9 True <=
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> Greater than 2>9 False >
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>= Greater than or 2>=9 False >=

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Equal to
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= Equal to 2=9 False ==

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<> Not Equal to 2<>9 True <>

Precedence between Relational Operators

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There is no precedence among relational

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operators.

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Therefore, they are always evaluated from left

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to right.
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 Using Logical Operators 1-2

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Logical operators:

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Are used in situations where multiple conditions

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need to be satisfied

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Combine the results of several comparisons, as

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required, to present a single answer
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Return the results in either ‘True’ or ‘False’
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Age > 18 AND City = ‘New York’

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 Using Logical Operators 2-2

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The table shows a list of logical operators.

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Operator Description C Equivalent

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AND Result is ‘True’ only when both &&
conditions are ‘True’

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OR Result is ‘True’ when either of the ||

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two conditions is ‘True’
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NOT Operates on a single value and !
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converts ‘True’ to ‘False’ and vice-

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 Precedence between Logical Operators

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The table shows the precedence order for

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logical operators.

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Precedence Operator
1 NOT

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2 AND
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C OR
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Precedence of Operators in an Expression

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The table shows the precedence among the

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different types of operators.

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Precedence Type of Operator
1 Arithmetic

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2 Relational
3 C Logical
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 The Parenthesis

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Sometimes, for certain formulas, the

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programmer may need to override the

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precedence rules.

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These rules can be overridden with the help of
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parenthesis.
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pt

10/100 * ((basicSal+hra)-tax)
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 Summary 1-2

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Operators are a set of symbols that help to

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manipulate or perform some sort of function on

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data.

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Operators can be classified into three types, namely,

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arithmetic, relational, and logical operators.
Arithmetic operators help to manipulate numeric
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data and perform common arithmetic operation on
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the data.
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Relational operators compare two or more values or

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expressions and always return either ‘True’ or ‘False’.

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 Summary 2-2

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Logical operators are used in situations where

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multiple conditions need to be satisfied.

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In an equation involving all three types of operators,

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arithmetic operators are evaluated first, followed by
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relational operators, and finally logical operators.
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The programmer can specify the part of the equation

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that needs to be solved first by using parenthesis.

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