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Solutions in Sample Problems in Calorimetry

The document presents a series of sample problems related to heat capacity, calorimetry, and specific heat calculations. It includes detailed solutions for calculating the heat capacity of water, the specific heat of lead, the calorimeter constant, and the molar heat of combustion of methanol. Each problem is accompanied by given data, asked questions, and step-by-step solutions.

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kristinedolor08
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6 views4 pages

Solutions in Sample Problems in Calorimetry

The document presents a series of sample problems related to heat capacity, calorimetry, and specific heat calculations. It includes detailed solutions for calculating the heat capacity of water, the specific heat of lead, the calorimeter constant, and the molar heat of combustion of methanol. Each problem is accompanied by given data, asked questions, and step-by-step solutions.

Uploaded by

kristinedolor08
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sample Problems:

1. Calculate the heat capacity of 60 𝑔 of water. The specific heat capacity of water is
4.184 𝐽/𝑔°𝐶.

Given:
𝑚 = 60 𝑔
𝑐 = 4.184 𝐽/𝑔°𝐶

Solution:

𝐶 = 𝑚𝑐
4.184 𝐽
𝐶 = (60 𝑔) ( )
𝑔°𝐶
𝐶 = 251.04 𝐽/°𝐶

2. A lead (Pb) pellet having a mass of 26.47 g at 89.98°𝐶 was placed in a constant-
pressure calorimeter of negligible heat capacity containing 100.0 mL of water
(𝜌 = 1𝑔/𝑚𝑙). The water temperature rose from 22.50°𝐶 to 23.17°𝐶. The specific heat
capacity of water is 4.184 𝐽/𝑔°𝐶.
a. Calculate the heat absorbed by the water.
b. Calculate the specific heat of lead (Pb).

Given:
𝑚𝑃𝑏 = 26.47 𝑔 𝑚𝐻2 𝑂 = 100 𝑔 𝑐𝐻2 𝑂 = 4.184 𝐽/𝑔°𝐶
𝑇1(𝑃𝑏) = 89.98 °𝐶 𝑇1(𝐻2 𝑂) = 22.50 °𝐶
𝑇2(𝑃𝑏) = 23.17 °𝐶 𝑇2(𝐻2 𝑂) = 23.17 °𝐶

Asked:
𝑞𝐻2 𝑂 =?
𝑐𝐻2 𝑂 =?
Solution:

Calculating the heat absorbed by the water:

𝑞𝐻2 𝑂 = 𝑚𝑐𝛥𝑇
𝐽
𝑞𝐻2 𝑂 = 100 𝑔 (4.184 ) (23.17 °𝐶 − 22.50 °𝐶)
𝑔°𝐶
𝐽
𝑞𝐻2 𝑂 = 100 𝑔 (4.184 ) (0.67 °𝐶)
𝑔°𝐶
𝑞𝐻2 𝑂 = 280.328 𝐽

The heat absorbed by the water is 280.328 𝐽

Calculating the specific heat capacity of lead (Pb):

Because the heat lost by the lead pellet is equal to the heat gained by the water, so 𝑞𝑃𝑏 =
−280.328 𝐽
𝑞𝑃𝑏 = 𝑚𝑐𝛥𝑇
𝑞
𝑐𝑃𝑏 =
𝑚𝛥𝑇
−280.328 𝐽
𝑐𝑃𝑏 =
(26.47 𝑔)(23.17 °𝐶 − 89.98 °𝐶)
−280.328 𝐽
𝑐𝑃𝑏 =
(26.47 𝑔)(−66.81 °𝐶)

𝐽
𝑐𝑃𝑏 = 0.158
𝑔°𝐶

𝐽
The specific heat capacity of the lead pellet is 0.158 𝑔°𝐶

3. A bomb calorimeter was calibrated by burning 1.753 𝑔 of benzoic acid


(𝐶6 𝐻5 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻). Determine the heat capacity of the calorimeter/calorimeter constant if the
temperature increases by 5.07 °𝐶 . The heat of combustion of benzoic acid per gram is
26.38 𝑘𝐽/𝑔

Given:
𝑚𝐶6𝐻5 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 = 1.753 𝑔
𝛥𝑇 = 5.07 °𝐶
𝑞𝑐 = 26.38 𝑘𝐽/𝑔
Asked:
𝐶𝑐𝑎𝑙
Solutions:
26.38 𝑘𝐽
𝑞 = (1.753 𝑔) ( ) = 46.24414 𝑘𝐽
𝑔

The heat released is equal to the heat absorbed, so:

𝑞𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 𝐶𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝛥𝑇

𝑞
𝐶𝑐𝑎𝑙 =
𝛥𝑇

46.24414 𝑘𝐽
𝐶𝑐𝑎𝑙 =
5.07 °𝐶

46.24414 𝑘𝐽
𝐶𝑐𝑎𝑙 =
5.07 °𝐶

𝐶𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 9.121 𝑘𝐽/°𝐶

4. A quantity of 1.922 𝑔 of methanol (𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻) was burned using a constant volume
calorimeter. Consequently, the temperature of the water rose by 4.20°𝐶. If the heat
capacity of the bomb plus water was 10.4 𝑘𝐽/°𝐶, calculate the molar heat of combustion
of methanol.

Given:
𝑚 = 1.922 𝑔
𝛥𝑇 = 4.20°𝐶
𝐶𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 10.4 𝑘𝐽/°𝐶

Asked:
𝑞𝑐 =?

Solution:
𝑞𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 𝐶𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝛥𝑇
𝑞𝑐𝑎𝑙 = (10.4 𝑘𝐽/°𝐶)(4.20°𝐶 )
𝑞𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 43.68 𝑘𝐽
Because 𝑞(𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚) = 𝑞𝑐𝑎𝑙 + 𝑞𝑟𝑥𝑛 = 0, 𝑞𝑟𝑥𝑛 = −𝑞𝑐𝑎𝑙 . The heat exchange of the reaction is -
43.68 𝑘𝐽. This is the heat released by the 1.922 g 𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻. Therefore, we can write the
conversion factor

−43.68 𝑘𝐽
1.922 𝑔 𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻
The molar mass of methanol (𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻) is 32.04 g/mol, so the molar heat of combustion
is:

−43.68 𝑘𝐽 32.04 𝑔 𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻


𝑞𝑐 = 𝑥 = −728.152 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙
1.922 𝑔 𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻

The molar heat of the combustion of methanol is 728.152 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙

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