The document contains a comprehensive list of questions related to SQL, covering its fundamental concepts, commands, and functionalities. Key topics include the SELECT statement, data manipulation commands like INSERT and UPDATE, and database design principles such as normalization and primary keys. Additionally, it addresses performance optimization, SQL injection prevention, and the significance of ACID properties in transactions.
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The document contains a comprehensive list of questions related to SQL, covering its fundamental concepts, commands, and functionalities. Key topics include the SELECT statement, data manipulation commands like INSERT and UPDATE, and database design principles such as normalization and primary keys. Additionally, it addresses performance optimization, SQL injection prevention, and the significance of ACID properties in transactions.
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1. What does SQL stand for, and what is its primary function?
2. Explain the purpose of the SELECT statement in SQL with an example.
3. How would you retrieve all records from a table named "Students" in SQL? 4. What is the purpose of the WHERE clause in an SQL query? Provide an example. 5. Describe the difference between the INSERT and UPDATE commands in SQL. 6. What is the significance of the ORDER BY clause in SQL queries? 7. How can you delete specific records from a table in SQL? Provide an example. 8. Explain the concept of a primary key in SQL tables. Why is it important? 9. What is the purpose of the LIKE operator in SQL? Provide an example of its usage. 10. Describe the role of the DISTINCT keyword in an SQL SELECT statement. Provide an example. 11. What is SQL and what is its significance in database management systems? 12. Differentiate between SQL Server, MySQL, and Oracle databases. 13. Explain the primary differences between a SQL statement, a SQL query, and a SQL command. 14. What are the basic data types in SQL? Provide examples. 15. Describe the primary key and foreign key constraints in SQL. 16. How does the SELECT statement work in SQL, and what are its various clauses? 17. Explain the concept of normalization in databases. Why is it important? 18. What is the purpose of the WHERE clause in SQL? Provide examples of its usage. 19. Describe the difference between the INNER JOIN and OUTER JOIN in SQL. 20. Explain the ACID properties in the context of SQL databases. 21. What is a subquery? Provide an example of its usage in SQL. 22. Describe the purpose of the GROUP BY clause in SQL. When is it used? 23. How can you handle duplicate records in SQL queries? 24. What is a stored procedure in SQL? How does it differ from a function? 25. How can you perform transactions in SQL? Explain with an example. 26. What are views in SQL databases? How are they different from tables? 27. Describe the difference between UNION and UNION ALL in SQL. 28. How does the ORDER BY clause work in SQL? Provide examples. 29. What are triggers in SQL? Explain their purpose and provide examples of when they might be used. 30. What is the significance of the SQL HAVING clause? How is it different from the WHERE clause? 31. Explain the process of backing up and restoring a SQL Server database. 32. Describe the concept of SQL injection. How can it be prevented in SQL databases? 33. What is the purpose of the COMMIT and ROLLBACK commands in SQL transactions? 34. Describe the usage of the CASE statement in SQL with suitable examples. 35. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using stored procedures in SQL databases? 36. What is the purpose of the SQL DDL (Data Definition Language) commands? Provide examples. 37. How does the UNION operation work in SQL? Provide an example of its usage. 38. Explain the concept of normalization in SQL databases. 39. What are triggers in SQL? Describe different types of triggers and their applications. 40. How can you optimize SQL queries for better performance? Discuss some optimization techniques. 41. Describe the concept of database transactions and the properties of ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) in SQL.