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Class12_C_Programming_QA

C is a general-purpose, procedural programming language known for its simplicity, efficiency, and low-level memory access. It has advantages such as portability and fast execution, but lacks object-oriented features and runtime checking. The document also covers data types, variables, operators, control structures, looping, arrays, functions, recursion, storage concepts, structures, pointers, and file access techniques.

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ishanguragain9
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1 views

Class12_C_Programming_QA

C is a general-purpose, procedural programming language known for its simplicity, efficiency, and low-level memory access. It has advantages such as portability and fast execution, but lacks object-oriented features and runtime checking. The document also covers data types, variables, operators, control structures, looping, arrays, functions, recursion, storage concepts, structures, pointers, and file access techniques.

Uploaded by

ishanguragain9
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.) What is C? Write its Features.

C is a general-purpose, procedural programming language developed in the early 1970s by Dennis Ritchie.

Features:

- Simple and efficient

- Fast execution

- Low-level access to memory

- Structured programming

- Rich set of built-in operators and functions

2.) What are the advantages and disadvantages of C programming Languages?

Advantages:

- Portable and efficient

- Modular and structured

- Fast compilation and execution

- Extensive library support

Disadvantages:

- No object-oriented features

- No runtime checking

- Less support for high-level abstractions

3.) What is a Data type? Explain the type of data with examples.

Data types define the type of data a variable can hold.

Types:

- int: Integer (e.g., int a = 5;)

- float: Decimal (e.g., float b = 3.5;)

- char: Character (e.g., char ch = 'A';)

- double: Large decimal numbers

4.) What is a variable? Explain its types.

Variable is a name given to a memory location.

Types:

- Local Variable

- Global Variable

- Static Variable

- External Variable
5.) What is an operator? Write its types and explain any four of them.

Operators perform operations on variables.

Types:

- Arithmetic (+, -, *, /, %)

- Relational (==, !=, >, <)

- Logical (&&, ||, !)

- Assignment (=, +=, -=)

6.) What is a control structure? Write a difference between break and continue statements with

examples.

Control structures control flow of execution.

Break exits the loop early. Continue skips current iteration.

Example:

for(i=0;i<5;i++) {

if(i==2) break;

for(i=0;i<5;i++) {

if(i==2) continue;

7.) What is looping? Write the difference between while and Do while loop with examples.

Looping is repeating a block of code.

while: Condition checked before loop.

do-while: Condition checked after loop.

Example:

while(i<5){...}

do{...}while(i<5);

8.) Define the term array. What is the string? Explain any four-string handling function for example.

Array: Collection of similar data types.

String: Array of characters ending with null '\0'.

Functions:

- strlen() - length of string

- strcpy() - copy string

- strcat() - concatenate strings

- strcmp() - compare strings


9.) What is the functions? Write its features and describe its types.

Function is a reusable block of code.

Features: Reusability, modularity.

Types:

- Library functions (e.g., printf)

- User-defined functions

10.) What is the recursion technique? Explain with one example.

Recursion is when a function calls itself.

Example:

int fact(int n){

if(n==1) return 1;

return n*fact(n-1);

11.) What is the concept of storage? Differentiate between automatic storage and external storage.

Storage class defines scope and lifetime.

Automatic: Default inside functions, memory freed after use.

External: Global scope, retains value throughout program.

12.) What is a Structure? Explain with one example.

Structure is a user-defined data type.

Example:

struct Student {

int id;

char name[20];

};

13.) Differentiate between array and structure.

Array: Collection of same type.

Structure: Collection of different types.

14.) Differentiate between structure and union.

Structure: All members have separate memory.

Union: All members share same memory.

15.) Differentiate between array and pointer.

Array: Fixed size, stores multiple values.


Pointer: Stores address of variable.

16.) Define the terms call by value and call by reference with examples.

Call by value: Copies value. Original not changed.

Call by reference: Passes address. Original can be changed.

17.) What is a pointer? Explain with examples.

Pointer is a variable storing address of another variable.

Example:

int a = 5;

int *p = &a;

18.) Differentiate between Structure and Pointer.

Structure: Data type grouping variables.

Pointer: Variable storing address.

19.) Differentiate between sequential access and random access techniques of data file.

Sequential: Data accessed in order.

Random: Direct access to any part.

20.) Differentiate between fprintf and fscanf function.

fprintf: Writes to file.

fscanf: Reads from file.

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