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BlackBox Testing

Black-box testing focuses on identifying errors in software by testing modules independently, validating functionality, and checking system performance under stress. Techniques such as Boundary Value Analysis (BVA), Equivalence Class Testing, and Robustness Testing are employed to design effective test cases that maximize error detection. BVA specifically targets boundary values to uncover bugs, while robustness and worst-case testing methods extend this concept to include values beyond the defined limits.

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10 views19 pages

BlackBox Testing

Black-box testing focuses on identifying errors in software by testing modules independently, validating functionality, and checking system performance under stress. Techniques such as Boundary Value Analysis (BVA), Equivalence Class Testing, and Robustness Testing are employed to design effective test cases that maximize error detection. BVA specifically targets boundary values to uncover bugs, while robustness and worst-case testing methods extend this concept to include values beyond the defined limits.

Uploaded by

jayshree.r2022cse
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© © All Rights Reserved
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BLack Box

Testing
BLack Box
Testing
Black-box testing attempts to find errors in
+

the following categories:


❖ To test the modules independently
❖ To test the functional validity of the software so that
incorrect or missing functions can be recognized
❖ To look for interface errors
❖
To test the system behavior and check its
❖
performance To test the maximum load or stress on
❖
the system
To testthe software such that the
user/customer accepts the system with-in defined
acceptable limits
BLack Box Testing
□ Techniques
BOUNDARY VALUE ANALYSIS
□
(BVA) EQUIVALENCE CLASS
□
TESTING STATE TABLE-BASED
□
TESTING DECISION
□
TABLE-BASED TESTING
CAUSE-EFFECT GRAPHING BASED
TESTING
BoundarY VaLUe AnaLYSis
+
(BVA)
An effective test case design requires test cases
to be designed such that they maximize the
probability of finding errors.
+ BVA technique addresses this issue. With the
experience of testing team, it has been observed
that test cases designed with boundary input
values have a high chance to find errors.
+ BVA is considered a technique that uncovers the
bugs at the boundary of input values.
BoundarY VaLUe AnaLYSis
+
(BVA)
Here, boundary means the maximum or minimum value
taken by the input domain.
+ For example, if A is an integer between 10 and 255, then
boundary checking can be on 10(9,10,11) and on
255(256,255,254).
BoundarY VaLUe AnaLYSis
+
(BVA)
BVA offers several methods to design test cases
as shown below.
□ BOUNDARY VALUE CHECKING (BVC)
□ ROBUSTNESS TESTING METHOD
□ WORST-CASE TESTING METHOD
BoundarY VaLUe Checking
+
(BVC)
In this method, the test cases are designed by holding
one variable at its extreme value and other variables at
their nominal values in the input domain.
+
The variable at its extreme value can be selected
(a)
at: Minimum value (Min)
(b)
Value just above the minimum value
(c)
(Min+) Maximum value (Max)
(d) Value just below the maximum value (Max-)
+ It can be generalized that for n variables in a module,
4n + 1 test cases can be designed with boundary value
checking method.
BoundarY VaLUe Checking
+
(BVC)
Take the example of two variables, A and B. If
we consider all the combinations with nominal
values, then following test cases can be
designed:
Robustness Testing
+
Method
The idea of BVC can be extended such
that boundary values are exceeded as:
+ A value just greater than the Maximum value
(Max)
+ A value just less than Minimum value (Min-)
Robustness Testing
Method
Add the following test cases to the list of 9
test cases designed in BVC:

+ It can be generalized that for n input variables


in a module, 6n + 1 test cases can be designed
with robustness testing.
Worst-case testing
+
method
We can again extend the concept of BVC
by assuming more than one variable on
the boundary.
+ It is called worst-case testing method.
+ It can be generalized that for n input variables
in a module, 5 test cases can be designed with
worst-case testing.
Worst-case testing
+
method
Again, take the previous example of two
variables, A and B. We can add the following
test cases to the list of 9 test cases designed in
BVC as:
ExampL
+
e A1 program reads an integer number within the
range [1,100] and determines whether it is a
prime number or not. Design test cases for this
program using BVC, robust testing, and
worst-case testing methods.
Test cases using
+ BVC
Solution
+ Since there is one variable, the total number of test
cases will be 4n + 1 = 5.
+ In our example, the set of minimum and maximum values
is shown below:
Test cases using
+
BVC
Using these values, test cases can be designed
as shown below:
Test cases using robust
+
testing
Since there is one variable, the total number
of test cases will be 6n + 1 = 7. The set of
boundary values is shown below:
Test cases using robust
+
testing
Using these values, test cases can be designed as
shown below:.
Test cases using worst-case
testing
+ Since there is one variable, the total number
of test cases will be 5 n = 5. Therefore, the
number of test cases will be same as BVC.

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