Advanced Function Class 7 Handout

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Exponential and Logarithmic Functions (1)

1. Examine the exponential functions of the form 𝑦 = 𝑐 𝑥 (with different bases 𝑐). Summarize their
common characteristics and differences.

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 Advanced Function Class 7 Handout

y
  y

 
 
 
Equation y = 2x + 3 y = 2x – 3
Graph  
 

 

 

 
x

− − − − − − − − − − − − −
− − −
 −
 − − −
 −
 −
 − − − −              
− −

− −

− −

− −

− −

− −
How Does Graph
− −
Compare to y = 2x
− −

− −

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Advanced Function Class 7 Handout

In general,

How does each of the following letters effect the function 𝑦 = 𝑐 𝑥 .

𝒚 = 𝒂[𝒄𝒃(𝒙−𝒉) ] + 𝒌

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Advanced Function Class 7 Handout

2. State the effects that the following transformations have had on the base function.

 − 1 (x +6) 
1  1  2  
a) 𝑦 = −5 8 [4(x − 7)]
 + 2 b) 𝑦 = − −9
5 7 
 

3. Write an equation of the base function y = 3x that has undergone the following transformations.

a) Shift up by 18 units b) Shift left by 17 units

Reflection in y-axis Vertical stretch by a factor of 10

Vertical compression by a factor of 1/3 Horizontal compression by a factor of 1/8

4. Determine the horizontal asymptote and the domain and range of each of the following functions.

 − 14 (x −3) 
1 
𝑦 = 8  − 10 1
a) b) 𝑦 = − 6[9(x +1)]  + 2
2  4
 

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Advanced Function Class 7 Handout

5. Determine the horizontal asymptote and y-intercept of each of the following functions. Use another
additional point of the function to sketch the graph.
  13 (x −6) 
1 
𝑦 = 5  +1 1
a) b) 𝑦 = − 3[2(x + 2)]  + 5
2  9
 

Solving Exponential Equations

Strategy 1 – Powers of the Same Base

6. Solve each of the following:

a) 53x – 2 = 625 b) 16x + 5 = 64x – 2

52x +7  256x
c) x +1
= 625x −4 d) 6480(69x – 2) – 2 = 3
125

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Advanced Function Class 7 Handout

Strategy 2 – Variable Replacement

7. a) 3x + 1 + 3x + 2 = 108 b) 2x + 3 + 2x + 2 – 3 = 0

c) 42x + 4x – 2 = 0 d) 52x – 26(5x) + 25 = 0

Your turn:
1 1 1
3 (16x) a+ a2 (81x) a= a5 (36x) 4 1 − 𝑥 – 5 ∙ 6 − 𝑥 = 9 1− 𝑥
1 1 1
Hint: Divide both sides by 81x > 0 Hint: 4 ∙ 4 − 𝑥 – 5 ∙ 6 − 𝑥 = 9 ∙ 9− 𝑥
1
Divide both sides by 9− 𝑥 > 0

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Advanced Function Class 7 Handout

Applications of Exponential Function - Growth & Decay

The model of Exponential Growth or Decay is 𝐴(𝑡) = 𝐴𝑜 (𝑟)𝑡/𝑝 ,

Where, 𝐴(𝑡) = 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 (𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡)
𝐴𝑜 = 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 (𝑎𝑡 𝑡 = 0)
𝑟 = 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑦
𝑡 = 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 (𝑚𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 )
𝑝 = 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑦 𝑡𝑜 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟
8. The value of an antique vase increases by 10% every 7 years. If the vase was purchased for
$200, approximately how long will it take until it is worth $1000?

9. In 30 days the mass of a sample of radioactive substance decreases by 12%.

a) Find the half-life of this radioactive substance.

b) When will a sample of 50mg decay to 10mg?