Lab Record

Name : …………………………………………………..

Enrollment No. : …………………………………………………..

Roll Number : …………………………………………………..

Lab Name : Mechanical Software Lab

Lab Code : M-807

Branch : Mechanical Engineering

Year : IVth Year (8th Sem)

Submitted to : Mr. Ashish Davande

Mr.Mahendra Godley
HOD : Dr. Prabhash Jain, Assistant Professor,
UIT, BU, Bhopal

Department of Mechanical Engineering

UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
BARKATULLAH UNIVERSITY, BHOPAL
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 INDEX

Experiment PAGE
Experiment Name
NO.
No.
1 Study of different features of the Design software CATIA

2 To draw detail view and assembly of the flange coupling

using the CATIA software.
3 Study of Different features of Computerized Numerical
Control (CNC) Machine
4 Define the programming for making connecting rod using
3-axis CNC milling machine
5 Study of different features of the Design software Pro-E
6 Exploring MATLAB software for Mechanical
Engineering Applications
7 To implement basic arithmetic operations and scientific
functions in Java for creating Scientific calculator

Signature
(Teacher In Charge)

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 Experiment No. 1

Objective:
Study of different features of the design software CATIA.
Introduction
In the cad laboratory, we are going to study how to create a model of engineering
objects and also how to create an assembly of modeled objects. The modeling software’s
like CATIA, Pro e, and Uni-graphics are generally used in the mechanical engineering field
for modeling. In this lab catia-v5r18 software is used to do the exercises.
CATIA (Computer Aided Three-dimensional Interactive Application) is a multi-
platform CAD/CAM/CAE. It is written in the C++ programming language. Commonly
referred to as a 3D Product Lifecycle Management software suite, CATIA supports multiple
stages of product development (CAX), from conceptualization, design (CAD),
manufacturing (CAM), and engineering (CAE).CATIA can be customized via application
programming interfaces (API). V4 can be adapted in the Fortran and C Programming
languages under an API called CAA (Component Application Architecture). V5 can be
adapted via the Visual Basic and C++ programming languages, an API called CAA2 or
CAA V5 that is a component object model (COM)-like interface. Although later versions
of CATIA V4 implemented NURBS, V4 principally used piecewise polynomial surfaces.
AN OVERVIEW OF CATIA DESIGN SOFTWARE
Optimal Sharing
CATIA V6 users will get access to a unique, collaborative 3-dimensional environment
that can be accessed by an unlimited number of people online. This allows people from
across the globe to collaborate in a virtual environment. It has been designed to not only
allow for online cooperation but also make offline sharing and designing easy to integrate as
well.
Simplified Product Development
Creating a new product can be a long and complex process. It encompasses multiple
design phases including the initial design, overall development, and manufacturing. CATIA
V6 decreases the complexity and length of the entire project because it integrates various
stages of the development process so that they can be controlled and modified on a single
platform. It does this by using an approach to systems engineering known as RFLP. This
allows you to create several versions of the same product using different sets of
requirements. This gives you a comprehensive look at what the final product could be

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Seamless Transitioning.
Every version of the CATIA design software is designed to allow for seamless
integration with previous versions. This makes upgrading a simple process and can be
completed without losing any of the information that has already been stored. CATIA design
software has found its way into more and more industries with each passing year.
Traditionally, it gained notoriety through 3 main industries; however, every industry that is
involved in engineering has found it useful.
CATIA has become a leader in product development software and may be exactly
what isneeded to overcome the shortcomings of CAD software.

Tool Bars
Many standard toolbars are used in different modes like sketcher mode operational
mode etc., in CATIA software. Here we discuss about the toolbars used in Sketcher with
some examples.
Sketcher Work Bench Tool Bars
There are three standard toolbars found in the Sketcher Work Bench. The three
toolbars are shown below. The individual tools found in each of the three tools are labeled to
the right of the tool icon. Some tools have an arrow located at the bottom right of the tool
icon. The arrow is an indication that there is more than one variation of that particular type
of tool. The tools that have more than one option that are listed to the right of the default
tool. To display the other tool options you must select and hold the left mouse button on the
arrow as shown in Figure1.1. This will bring up the optional tools Select Arrow Optional
tools.
THE OPERATION TOOL BAR

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THE PROFILE TOOL BAR

THE CONSTRAINTS TOOL BAR

Specify a Working Plane

The next step is to create a 2 dimensional profile of the part. The Sketcher Work

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Bench is a two dimensional (planar) work area. To use the Sketcher Work Bench, you must
specify which plane the profile is to be created on. Specifying, the plane can be done several
differentways.

ZX plane

MODIFYING THE PROFILE USING CHAMFER

The Chamfer icon is also located in the Operations tool bar. This procedure assumes
you know what a chamfer is. The steps required to create a chamfer are almost identical to
creating a corner. Select the Chamfer icon.
The command prompt at the bottom left hand of the screen, will prompt you with the
following: “Select the first curve, or a common point”. For this exercise select line 5. The
next command prompt will ask you to “Select the second curve”.

Constraint
This tool allows you to create individual constraints, one at time. You have already
applied a constraint and may not even know it. The Anchor icon is a constraint. The values
attached to the Chamfer and Corner is constraints. To apply Dimensional Constraints,

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 complete the following steps:
Select the Constraint icon.
Select the line and/or Sketcher element to be constrained.
The Sketcher element will turn green (constraint symbol) along with the appropriate
dimension and box with the value in it. To re-locate the constraint value, select the value box
and drag the mouse to the desired location.
If the initial location of the constraint is not satisfactory re-select the dimension and drag and
drop it at the new location.
To edit the value of the constraint double click on the value box. This will bring up
the Constraint Definition pop up window shown in. This window shows the existing value
for the Sketcher element. This value can be edited by typing the new value over the
existing value. Then select OK or hit the Enter key. The entities linked to the constraint will
automatically be updated to the new value.
If the constraint is between two different entities, such as lines, select the first line and
then the second line. CATIA V5 will constrain the distance between the two entities. The
constraint value will appear near the constraint to move the constraint value. For this lesson
constrain your “L Shaped Extrusion” similar to the one shown in Figure.

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Pros
 Easy-to-understand tools

 Good for automotive design

 Easy modelling with production steps in mind

 Good surface modelling capabilities

 Saves time and money

 Helps control multiple-part geometries

 Predicts the behavior of parts with complex surfaces

 Has a wide array of tools

 Designs can be modified using parametric capabilities

Cons
 Less user-friendly interface

 Difficulty in product modelling

 Difficulty in mouse operations

 Heavy software results in long wait times to load files and make changes

 Starting up the software is very slow

 Parametric modelling should be improved

 Difficult to learn on your own

 Expensive

 Updating an existing design can be frustrating

 It may take some time to master the program

Scope of Application of CATIA Software
 Mechanical engineering: The use of CATIA V6 Software enables the creation of 3D
parts, provides technology for mechanical surfacing, and provides tools for completing
the product definition, which includes functional tolerance and kinematics definition.
 Design: Allows creation and modification of complex and innovative shapes and
supports multiple stages of product design.

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  Systems engineering: The CAD/CAM Training CATIA provides an open systems
engineering development platform that enables simulation, modelling, verification, and
business process support.
 Electrical systems: CATIA Software provides solutions for designing and
manufacturing electrical systems. It includes the complete process that starts right from
the conceptual designing up to the complete manufacturing capabilities.
 Fluid systems: CATIA training offers solutions for designing and manufacturing tubing,
piping, Heating Ventilating & Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems.

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 Experiment No. 2

Objective:
To draw detail view and assembly of the flange coupling using the CATIA V5 R20.0 software.
Commands Used:
Sketch, pad, shaft, Pattern, Mate, Align, Helical Sweep, Round, Chamfer etc.
Procedure:
(i) Part Drawing:
(a) Flange:
 Draw the sectional view of the flange in the sketcher mode.
 Draw the middle axis line to use the shaft command and make the flange.
 Make the keyway and holes by using the pad material remove command.
 Round the sharp edges of the flange by using the round tool command.
(b) Shaft and key:
 Use pad command to make the shaft and the keyway.
 Use the pad command to make the key.
(c) Bolt and Nut:
 Use the pad command to make the bolt head and shank of the bolt.
 Use the helical sweep command to make the thread in the bolt shank.
 Use the pad and helical sweep command to make the nut with thread.
(ii) Assembly:
 Use the mate, align, insert, and pattern commands to assemble the flange coupling.
(iii) Detailed Drawing:
i. Use the drawing mode to make the respective views and bill of materials.

Result:
Thus the Detail View of the Flange Coupling along with its respective views and mass
properties has been found.

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 Drawing Objective

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Component design using Software:

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Assembly using Software:

Design of Flange Coupling

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 Experiment No. 3

Objective:
Study of Different features of Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) Machine
Introduction
Computer numerical control (CNC) is a manufacturing method that automates the
control, movement and precision of machine tools through the use of preprogrammed computer
software, which is embedded inside the tools. CNC is commonly used in manufacturing for
machining metal and plastic parts. Mills, lathes, routers, drills, grinders, water jets and lasers are
common cutting tools whose operations can also be automated with CNC. It can also be used to
control non-machine tools, such as welding, electronic assembly and filament-winding
machines. With CNC, each object to be manufactured gets a custom computer program, usually
written in an international standard language called G-code, stored in and executed by the
machine control unit (MCU), a microcomputer attached to the machine. The M-code language is
also used in conjunction with G-code in CNC operations. While G-code controls the movement
and functioning of the machine, M-code controls the operation's external movements. The
program also contains the instructions and parameters the machine tool follows, such as the feed
rate of materials and the positioning and speed of the tool's components. Early in the process,
engineers create a computer-aided design (CAD) drawing of the part to be manufactured and
then translate the drawing into G-code. The program is loaded onto the MCU, and a machine
operator performs a test run without the raw material in place to ensure proper positioning and
performance. This step is important because incorrect speed or positioning can damage both the
machine and the part. When everything is ready, the CNC machine runs its program and
completes jobs with precision as instructed. The jobs could involve anything from creating
something from scratch to cutting a workpiece or printing anything.
Features:
1. The degree of automation is high, and the production efficiency is very high. Except
for blank clamping, all other CNC machining operations can be completed by CNC machine
tools. If combined with the automatic loading and unloading method, it is a basic part of the
unmanned control factory. CNC machining reduces the labor of the operator, improves the
working conditions, saves the processes and auxiliary operations such as marking, multiple
clamping and positioning, and testing, and effectively improves the production efficiency.

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 2. Adaptability to CNC machining objects. When changing the processing object, in
addition to changing the tool and solving the blank clamping method, only reprogramming is
required, and other complex adjustments are not required, which shortens the production
preparation cycle.
3. The CNC machining precision is high and the quality is stable. The CNC machining
dimensional accuracy is between d0.005-0.01mm, which is not affected by the complexity of the
parts, because most of the operations are automatically completed by the machine. Therefore, the
size of the batch parts is increased. A position detection device is also used on the precision-
controlled machine tool, which further improves the precision of CNC machine.
4. CNC machining has two main features: one is that it can greatly improve the CNC
machining accuracy, including CNC machining quality accuracy and machining time error
accuracy; the second is the repeatability of CNC machining quality, which can stabilize the
machining quality and maintain the quality of CNC machined parts.

Figure: 3.1 Block Diagram of CNC Machine

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Advantages
i. High Precision and Improved Accuracy
One of the most significant benefits of using CNC machining compared with manual
operations is precision. It’s possible to create parts that meet precise specifications
without the need for constant attention from a skilled operator.
ii. Endurance
Manual machining processes can only continue as long as there are skilled workers
present to work the machines. The manufacturing process stops when workers take a
break or go home at the end of their working day.
iii. High Production and Scalability
After the operator has programmed the machine with the necessary design specifications,
production can take place. Once the CNC machine has started a production run, creating
parts takes no time at all.
iv. Speed
Another of the numerous advantages CNC machining offers is its higher speed. When
CNC machines are used, operators can be much more efficient because the machines can
use their fastest settings. CNC machines can run 24/7 without running out of steam. They
don’t need a break for coffee or lunch. No holidays need to be booked or any kind of time
off. There are no trade-offs with a CNC machine.
v. Enhanced Capabilities
A CNC machine usually has a rotating carousel that can carry up to 30 tools. These tools
can be automatically swapped out during the milling and machining process.
vi. Less Dependability on Human Labor and Fewer Human Errors
Disadvantages
a. Cost:
CNC machines are more expensive and require a greater initial investment than machines
that can be operated manually. However, as this technology becomes the standard, supply
is increasing resulting in costs gradually decreasing.
b. Skills Loss:
As the demand for manual machine operators decreases, fewer and fewer new students
adopt those skills. This could eventually lead to the complete loss of long-preserved skills.
c. Unemployment:
Automation decreases the need for manpower, and fewer laborers are hired. That said, the

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 need is now shifting to software engineers and mechanical engineers, and education and
training will have to adjust to meet that need.
Application
The Applications of CNC Machining in Mechanical Processing
1. Part Manufacturing.
2. Carving and Decoration
3. Mold Manufacturing
4. Part Finishing
5. Automated Production Processes

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 Experiment No. 4

Objective:
Define the programming for making connecting rod using 3-axis CNC milling
machine
Introduction
Computer Numerical Control (CNC) programming is the bridge between digital design
and physical creation in modern manufacturing. It's the process of translating a 3D model or
engineering drawing into a set of instructions that a CNC machine can understand and execute.
These instructions control the movements of the machine's cutting tools, allowing for the precise
and automated machining of complex parts.
CNC program for machining a connecting rod using a 3-axis CNC milling machine with
a SIEMENS controller. In this experiment design a general CNC program, which requires
adjustments based on specific machine, tooling, and connecting rod design.
The Art and Science of CNC Programming:
CNC programming combines technical knowledge with creative problem-solving. It
involves:
 Understanding Machining Fundamentals: This includes tool selection, cutting
parameters, and material properties to achieve the desired results.
 Toolpath Generation: Using CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing) software,
programmers create the path the cutting tool will follow to remove material from the
workpiece.
 G-Code Programming: G-code is the language used to communicate instructions to the
CNC machine. Programmers write or generate G-code that defines tool movements,
speeds, feeds, and other machining parameters.
 Verification and Optimization: Before running the program on the actual machine,
simulations are used to check for errors and optimize toolpaths for efficiency.
The Future of CNC Programming:
CNC programming is continuously evolving with advancements in:
 CAM Software: More intuitive and user-friendly interfaces for faster and more efficient
toolpath generation.
 Additive Manufacturing Integration: Combining CNC machining with 3D printing for
even greater design freedom.

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  Advanced Automation: Integration of robotics and artificial intelligence for increased
automation and self-optimizing machining processes.
Preparation
i. Define the CAD Model: As before, you'll need a 3D CAD model of the connecting rod.
ii. Select Tooling: Choose appropriate cutting tools for roughing, finishing, drilling/reaming
considering material, surface finish, and toolpath strategy. Consider using a tool changer
for faster tool switching.
iii. Define Workholding: Determine how you'll secure the connecting rod blank in the
machine (vise, chuck, or custom fixture).
iv. Define Tool Offsets and Work Offsets: Set tool offsets (T offsets) in the machine
controller to define the tool geometry relative to the machine spindle. Set work offsets
(G54, G55, etc.) to define the position of the workpiece relative to the machine tool.
Program Comments:
 This program assumes the use of a 3-axis CNC milling machine.
 Specific tool numbers, feed rates, and cutting speeds will need to be adjusted based on
your machine capabilities and tooling selection.
 Coordinate systems (G54, G55, etc.) might be used to define different work offsets for
various machining stages.
Program for Machining Connecting Rod
G-Code based Program
% Program for Machining Connecting Rod
(Tool Definitions - Replace with your specific tool data)
T1 ; Roughing End Mill (e.g., diameter 10mm)
T2 ; Finishing End Mill (e.g., diameter 6mm)
T3 ; Drill bit (e.g., diameter 8mm)
T4 ; Reamer (e.g., diameter 8.1mm)
(Set Work Offset - Adjust based on your work holding setup)
G54 G90; Set Work Offset for Roughing (Absolute Mode)
(Roughing Operation - Replace with your toolpath strategy)
M06 T1 ; Tool Change - Roughing End Mill
G0 Z50 ; Rapid Move to Safe Height
G0 X0 Y0 ; Rapid Move to Starting Position
G1 Z-10 F100 ; Plunge Cut (Z depth, Feed Rate)

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 (Roughing toolpath commands for removing bulk material)
...
(Set Work Offset - Adjust based on your workholding setup)
G55 G90 ; Set Work Offset for Finishing (Absolute Mode)
(Finishing Operation - Replace with your toolpath strategy)
M06 T2 ; Tool Change - Finishing End Mill
G0 Z50 ; Rapid Move to Safe Height
G0 X0 Y0 ; Rapid Move to Starting Position
G1 Z-5 F50 ; Plunge Cut (Z depth, Feed Rate)
(Finishing toolpath commands for achieving desired surface finish)
...
(Drilling Operation - Replace with drilling parameters)
M06 T3 ; Tool Change - Drill Bit
G0 Z50 ; Rapid Move to Safe Height
G0 X (Drill Center X) Y (Drill Center Y) ; Rapid Move to Drill Position
G81 Z-20 F200 ; Drill Hole (Z depth, Feed Rate, Peck Drilling)
...
(Reaming Operation - Replace with reaming parameters)
M06 T4 ; Tool Change - Reamer
G0 Z50 ; Rapid Move to Safe Height
G0 X (Reamer Center X) Y (Reamer Center Y) ; Rapid Move to Reaming Position
G81 Z-20 F100 ; Reaming Hole (Z depth, Feed Rate, Peck Reaming)
...
(Program End)
M02 ; Program End
SIEMENS CNC Program:
Code snippet
% Program for Machining Connecting Rod (Example)
(Tool Definitions - Replace with your specific tool data)
DEF TOOL T1; Roughing End Mill (e.g., diameter 10mm)
D = 10; Diameter
LEN = 50; Overall tool length
CUT = 20; Cutting length
DEF TOOL T2; Finishing End Mill (e.g., diameter 6mm)

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 D=6
LEN = 50
CUT = 15
DEF TOOL T3; Drill bit (e.g., diameter 8mm)
D=8
LEN = 50
CUT = 25
DEF TOOL T4; Reamer (e.g., diameter 8.1mm)
D = 8.1
LEN = 50
CUT = 30
(Set Work Offset - Adjust based on your workholding setup)
G54 G90; Set Work Offset for Roughing (Absolute Mode)
(Roughing Operation - Replace with your toolpath strategy)
M06 T1; Tool Change - Roughing End Mill
G0 Z50; Rapid Move to Safe Height
G0 X0 Y0; Rapid Move to Starting Position
G1 Z-10 F100; Plunge Cut (Z depth, Feed Rate)
(Roughing toolpath commands for removing bulk material - Use G00, G01, G02/G03 for rapid,
linear, and circular movements)
...
(Set Work Offset - Adjust based on your workholding setup)
G55 G90; Set Work Offset for Finishing (Absolute Mode)
(Finishing Operation - Replace with your toolpath strategy)
M06 T2; Tool Change - Finishing End Mill
G0 Z50; Rapid Move to Safe Height
G0 X0 Y0; Rapid Move to Starting Position
G1 Z-5 F50; Plunge Cut (Z depth, Feed Rate)
(Finishing toolpath commands for achieving desired surface finish)
...
(Drilling Operation - Replace with drilling parameters)
M06 T3; Tool Change - Drill Bit
G0 Z50; Rapid Move to Safe Height
G0 X (Drill Center X) Y (Drill Center Y); Rapid Move to Drill Position

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SPINDLE M3 S1000; Start Spindle (Clockwise, Speed)
G81 Z-20 F200; Drill Hole (Z depth, Feed Rate, Peck Drilling)
SPINDLE M5; Stop Spindle
(Reaming Operation - Replace with reaming parameters)
M06 T4; Tool Change - Reamer
G0 Z50; Rapid Move to Safe Height
G0 X (Reamer Center X) Y (Reamer Center Y); Rapid Move to Reaming Position
SPINDLE M3 S800; Start Spindle (Clockwise, Speed)
G81 Z-20 F100; Reaming Hole (Z depth, Feed Rate, Peck Reaming)
SPINDLE M5; Stop Spindle
(Program End)
M02; Program End
Important Considerations:
 Safety: Always prioritize safety when operating CNC machines. Ensure proper training,
use appropriate safety equipment, and verify your program before execution.
 Collision Detection: Use CAM software or your CNC control system's collision
detection features to ensure your toolpaths don't collide with the fixturing or other
machine components.
 Coolant: Utilize appropriate cutting fluids to cool the tool and workpiece, improve chip
evacuation, and extend tool life.
 Finishing Techniques: Depending on the desired surface finish, additional operations
like polishing or honing might be required after CNC machining.

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 Experiment No. 5

Objective:
Study of different features of the Design software Pro-E
Introduction
Pro-E, short for Pro/ENGINEER, is powerful 3D CAD (Computer-Aided Design)
software developed by Parametric Technology Corporation (PTC). It is a comprehensive product
development solution that allows engineers and designers to create, analyze, and simulate
complex products and systems. Pro-E is widely used across various industries, including
aerospace, automotive, consumer products, and industrial machinery, due to its robust
capabilities and flexibility. Pro-E was developed by parametric Technology Corporation,
Waltham, MA. Pro-E is a multi-programs software that can be used for design, analysis and
manufacturing. In this portion of the course we will be dealing with the first capability of Pro-E
which deals with the model creation and assembly of designs. However, Pro-E is linked to
another package, MEHANICA, which is able to perform structural, thermal and motion analysis.
The structural analysis includes static stress, deformation, buckling and vibration. Pro-E and
MECHANICA can be used for optimization and parametric studies. Connecting Pro-E to NC
machines provide the manufacturing capabilities. Wide range of sheet metal forming, piping
layout and model designs can be handled.
In the design and assembly, which is the tool that we are aiming to learn, Pro-E is
considered a powerful tool. The significance of Pro-E over other existing drafting tools come
from its capability of being parametric, feature based solid modeling software. The parametric
capability of Pro-E enable the designers to change certain parameters and dimensions in the
feature they are designing and the program will adapt the change through the whole model. For
example in design optimization, often designers need to change a particular dimension of a
particular feature to fit with the rest of the model. Pro-E enable the designer to change the
dimension and Pro-E will propagate the change to the rest of the model.
Pro-E is a feature based software were parts are created by defining features such as
extrusion, sweep, cuts, holes, slots, rounds and so on. Pro-E will create the features upon
specifying the attributes by the designer. The solid model that is created by the Pro-E should be
feasible. Pro-E will not perform a task that may not lead to a solid model. It should be
emphasized here that not all solid models are manufacturable models.

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History and development of Pro-E
Pro-E was first introduced in 1988 as one of the earliest parametric, feature-based 3D
CAD systems. It was developed by Dr. Samuel P. Geisberg, who recognized the need for a more
intuitive and powerful design tool that could handle the increasing complexity of modern
products. Over the years, Pro-E has evolved significantly, with the introduction of new features,
modules, and enhancements to meet the evolving needs of the industry.
In 2010, PTC introduced Creo, a new generation of Pro-E that was designed to be more
user-friendly and streamlined, while still retaining the powerful capabilities of the original
software. Creo has since become the flagship product of PTC, offering a range of applications
and modules to address various aspects of the product development process, from conceptual
design to manufacturing.
Basic part design
One of the core features of Pro-E is its ability to create and manipulate 3D parts. The
software offers a wide range of tools and features for designing parts, including sketching, 3D
modeling, and feature-based design. Users can create parts from scratch or import existing CAD
data, and then modify and refine the design as needed.
Pro-E's parametric design approach allows users to define relationships and constraints
between different features of a part, making it easier to update the design as requirements
change. This also enables the creation of complex, organic shapes that would be difficult to
achieve with traditional CAD software.
Additionally, Pro-E provides advanced capabilities for analyzing and simulating the
performance of parts, such as finite element analysis (FEA) and computational fluid dynamics
(CFD), which help engineers optimize the design and ensure its functionality.
Product design
Beyond basic part design, Pro-E offers a comprehensive set of tools and features for
product design. The software integrates seamlessly with other PTC applications, such as Creo
Simulate and Creo Simulate, to support the entire product development lifecycle, from
conceptual design to manufacturing.
Pro-E's assembly modeling capabilities allow designers to create complex assemblies by
combining multiple parts and subassemblies. The software's advanced features, such as
interference detection, kinematics analysis, and design automation, help engineers identify and
resolve potential issues early in the design process, reducing the need for costly design iterations.
Additionally, Pro-E's advanced rendering and visualization tools enable designers to

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create photorealistic images and animations of their products, which can be used for marketing,
presentations, and customer feedback.
Modeling
At the heart of Pro-E's design capabilities is its powerful modeling tools. The software
supports a range of modeling techniques, including solid modeling, surface modeling, and direct
modeling, allowing designers to create complex and organic shapes with ease.
Pro-E's feature-based modeling approach enables users to create parts by adding or
modifying features, such as extrusions, cuts, holes, and fillets. This allows for easy modification
of the design, as changes to one feature can automatically update the rest of the part.
In addition, Pro-E offers advanced surfacing tools, including spline-based modeling and
subdivision surfaces, which enable the creation of smooth and complex shapes. These tools are
particularly useful for designing products with organic forms, such as consumer electronics,
sporting goods, and automotive components.
Assembly and Simulation
Pro-E's assembly capabilities allow designers to create and manage complex assemblies
by combining multiple parts and subassemblies. The software provides tools for positioning and
aligning components, as well as for defining motion constraints and joints between parts.
One of the key features of Pro-E's assembly capabilities is its ability to perform kinematic and
dynamic simulations. Users can simulate the movement and behavior of assembled products,
allowing them to identify potential issues, such as interference between parts, and optimize the
design before physical prototypes are created.
Pro-E also integrates with other PTC applications, such as Creo Simulate, to provide
advanced simulation and analysis capabilities. This includes finite element analysis (FEA) for
structural integrity, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for fluid flow and heat transfer, and
more. These tools help engineers validate the performance of their designs and make informed
decisions throughout the product development process.
Collaboration and Automation
Pro-E is designed to facilitate collaboration and streamline the product development
process. The software offers a range of tools and features that enable effective team-based
workflows, such as Design Reuse, which allows designers to access and leverage existing design
data, and Multi-CAD Interoperability, which enables the integration of Pro-E with other CAD
systems.
Pro-E also supports advanced automation and customization capabilities, allowing users

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to automate repetitive tasks, create custom workflows, and develop specialized applications
using the software's programming interfaces. This helps to increase productivity, reduce errors,
and ensure consistency throughout the design process.
Furthermore, Pro-E's integration with other PTC applications, such as Windchill for
product lifecycle management (PLM) and Creo View for visualization and collaboration, enables
a seamless and comprehensive product development environment, streamlining communication
and data management across the entire organization.
Key Features of Pro-E:
1. Feature-Based Modeling:
Pro-E utilized a parametric, feature-based modeling approach. This means complex models were
built by adding or modifying features like extrudes, revolves, sweeps, holes, and rounds.
Changing a feature's parameters automatically updated the entire model, ensuring consistency
and reducing the need for repetitive editing.
2. Assembly Modeling:
Pro-E allowed for the creation of complex assemblies by bringing together individual parts
(components) and defining their relationships (mates) like position, orientation, and constraints.
This facilitated simulating assembly motion, checking for interferences, and creating assembly
drawings.
3. Parametric Design:
Dimensions and relationships between features were parametric, meaning they could be
controlled by values or equations. This enabled easy exploration of design alternatives by
modifying these parameters and observing the resulting model changes.
4. Associativity:
Changes made to one part of the model automatically propagated to other parts or assemblies
linked to it. This maintained design consistency and reduced the risk of errors.
5. 2D Drawing Generation:
Pro-E could generate detailed 2D engineering drawings directly from the 3D models. These
drawings included views, dimensions, annotations, and tolerances necessary for manufacturing.
6. Advanced Capabilities:
Pro-E offered various advanced functionalities depending on specific modules or add-ons,
including:
 Sheet metal design for creating parts from flat sheets.
 Finite element analysis (FEA) for simulating stress and strain on models.

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  Rendering and animation for creating realistic visualizations.
 Surfacing tools for designing complex organic shapes.
7. User Interface:
Pro-E offered a customizable user interface, allowing users to personalize toolbars, menus, and
keyboard shortcuts for efficient workflow.It also provided context-sensitive help and tutorials for
easy access to information and learning resources.
8. Integration with Other Tools:
Pro-E could integrate with other software like manufacturing execution systems (MES) and
computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software for seamless data transfer and efficient
production processes.

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 Experiment No. 6
Objective:
Exploring MATLAB software for Mechanical Engineering Applications
Introduction of MATLAB
MATLAB (MATrix LABoratory) is a high-performance programming language and
software environment specifically designed for technical computing. It empowers engineers,
scientists, and mathematicians to solve complex problems, analyze data, and visualize results
with remarkable efficiency.
Key Features of MATLAB:
1. High-Level Language: MATLAB utilizes a high-level programming language that is
concise and easy to learn compared to traditional low-level languages like C or Fortran.
This allows users to focus on the problem at hand rather than spending time on complex
syntax details.
2. Interactive Environment: MATLAB offers an interactive environment where users can
enter commands, perform calculations, and visualize results in real-time. This interactive
nature makes it ideal for exploration, prototyping, and iterative problem solving.
3. Powerful Numerical Computing: MATLAB boasts a robust set of built-in functions for
various mathematical operations, including linear algebra, calculus, differential equations,
and statistics. These functions handle complex calculations efficiently, saving users time
and effort.
4. Extensive Toolboxes: MATLAB offers a vast collection of specialized toolboxes (add-on
software packages) that extend its functionality to specific areas like:
 Control System Toolbox: Design and analyze control systems for various applications.
 Simulink: Build graphical models to simulate dynamic systems.
 Robotics Toolbox: Model, analyze, and simulate robotic systems.
 Optimization Toolbox: Solve optimization problems involving functions and constraints.
 Signal Processing Toolbox: Analyze and manipulate signals for various purposes.
 Many more toolboxes cater to diverse engineering, scientific, and financial disciplines.
5. Data Analysis and Visualization: MATLAB provides powerful tools for data analysis,
including importing data from various sources, performing statistical analysis, and filtering
data. Additionally, it offers excellent visualization capabilities for creating informative and
publication-quality plots, graphs, and charts.

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 6. Integration with Other Tools: MATLAB seamlessly integrates with other software
commonly used in technical fields. This allows data exchange between MATLAB and
tools like CAD software, finite element analysis software, and other programming
languages.
7. Large User Community and Resources: MATLAB enjoys a vast and active user
community. Numerous online resources, tutorials, and forums are available for learning,
troubleshooting, and sharing knowledge.
Mechanical Application of MATLAB
This experiment aims to introduce you to the functionalities and features of MATLAB software
specifically for applications in mechanical engineering.
Materials:
 Computer with MATLAB software installed
 Basic understanding of mechanics and engineering mathematics
Software Setup:
 Familiarize yourself with the MATLAB interface: workspace, command window, editor,
toolbars, etc.
 Explore the available toolboxes relevant to mechanical engineering, such as:
 Simulink (for modeling and simulation of dynamic systems)
 Control System Toolbox (for control system design and analysis)
 Robotics Toolbox (for modeling and analysis of robotic systems)
 Optimization Toolbox (for solving optimization problems)
 PDE Toolbox (for solving partial differential equations)
Task1: Kinematics and Dynamics Analysis
1. Modeling a Simple Pendulum:
 Use MATLAB to create a script that defines the equations of motion for a simple
pendulum (mass, length, gravitational acceleration).
 Solve the equations numerically to obtain the angular position and velocity of the
pendulum over time.
 Plot the results to visualize the pendulum's motion.
2. Analysis of a Four-Bar Linkage Mechanism:
 Define the geometric parameters of a four-bar linkage mechanism using MATLAB
variables.
 Write a script to calculate the position and velocity of different points on the linkage for

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 various input crank angles.
 Utilize MATLAB's plotting capabilities to visualize the motion of the linkage.
Task 2: Control System Design
 Simulating a Cruise Control System:
 Use Simulink to create a model of a car with a cruise control system.
 The model should include components like engine, vehicle dynamics, and a controller.
 Design a simple proportional (P) controller in Simulink to maintain a desired car speed.
 Simulate the system response to disturbances like changes in road grade.
Task 3: Data Analysis and Visualization
 Stress Analysis Data Processing:
 Import experimental stress data from a tensile test (strain and stress values) into the
MATLAB workspace.
 Use MATLAB functions to perform data analysis tasks like calculating Young's
modulus and yield strength.
 Create plots to visualize the stress-strain curve and other relevant relationships.
Task 4: MATLAB Toolboxes Exploration
 Choose one of the additional toolboxes mentioned earlier (Robotics, Optimization, PDE).
 Explore the functionalities of the chosen toolbox through its documentation and tutorials.
 Design a simple example or experiment that utilizes the toolbox capabilities relevant to
mechanical engineering.
 Implement the chosen example using MATLAB commands and functions from the
toolbox.
Evaluation:
 Document your work for each experiment, including code snippets, plots, and
explanations.
 Analyze the results and discuss how MATLAB helped you solve the problems.
 Reflect on the strengths and limitations of using MATLAB for mechanical engineering
applications.
Further Exploration:
 Investigate how to integrate MATLAB with other engineering software like CAD tools
or finite element analysis software.
 Explore additional toolboxes relevant to your specific area of interest within mechanical
engineering (e.g., Vibration Analysis Toolbox, Fatigue Toolbox).

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  Find online resources and tutorials for advanced applications of MATLAB in mechanical
engineering.
Summary:
This experiment provides a hands-on introduction to the power of MATLAB for mechanical
engineering applications. By completing these tasks, you'll gain valuable experience in:
 Modeling and simulating mechanical systems
 Analyzing and visualizing engineering data
 Designing and implementing control systems
 Utilizing specialized toolboxes for advanced mechanical engineering tasks
Remember, this is just a starting point. As you delve deeper into MATLAB, you'll discover its
vast potential for solving complex engineering problems and fostering innovation in mechanical
design and analysis.

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 Experiment No. 7
Objective:
To implement basic arithmetic operations and scientific functions in Java for
creating scientific calculator
Introduction:
Java is a class-based, object-oriented programming language that is designed to have as
few implementation dependencies as possible. It is intended to let application developers write
once, and run anywhere (WORA), meaning that compiled Java code can run on all platforms
that support Java without the need for recompilation. Java was first released in 1995 and is
widely used for developing applications for desktop, web, and mobile devices. Java is known for
its simplicity, robustness, and security features, making it a popular choice for enterprise-level
applications.
JAVA was developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems Inc in the year 1995 and
later acquired by Oracle Corporation. It is a simple programming language. Java makes writing,
compiling, and debugging programming easy. It helps to create reusable code and modular
programs. java is a class-based, object-oriented programming language and is designed to have
as few implementation dependencies as possible. A general-purpose programming language
made for developers to write once run anywhere that is compiled Java code can run on all
platforms that support Java. Java applications are compiled to byte code that can run on any Java
Virtual Machine. The syntax of Java is similar to c/c++.
History: Java’s history is very interesting. It is a programming language created in 1991.
James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and Patrick Naughton, a team of Sun engineers known as the
Green team initiated the Java language in 1991. Sun Microsystems released its first public
implementation in 1996 as Java 1.0. It provides no-cost -run-times on popular platforms. Java1.0
compiler was re-written in Java by Arthur Van Hoff to strictly comply with its specifications.
With the arrival of Java 2, new versions had multiple configurations built for different types of
platforms.
In 1997, Sun Microsystems approached the ISO standards body and later formalized
Java, but it soon withdrew from the process. At one time, Sun made most of its Java
implementations available without charge, despite their proprietary software status. Sun
generated revenue from Java through the selling of licenses for specialized products such as the
Java Enterprise System.

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Applications of Java Programming Language
1. Mobile App Development
The Java programming language can be considered as the official language for mobile application
development. Most of the android applications build using Java. The most popular android app
development IDE Android Studio also uses Java for developing android applications. So, if you are
already familiar with Java, it will become much easier to develop android applications. The most popular
android applications Spotify and Twitter are developed using Java.
2. Desktop GUI Applications
We can also develop a GUI application using Java. Java provides AWT, JavaFX, and Swing for
developing the GUI based desktop application. The tools contain the pre-assembled components like list,
menu, button.
3. Web-based Applications
It is also used for developing the web-based application because it provides vast support for web
development through Servlet, JSP, and Struts. It is the reason that Java is also known as a server-side
programming language. Using these technologies, we can develop a variety of applications. The most
popular frameworks Spring, Hibernate, Spring Boot, used for developing web-based applications.
LinkedIn, AliExpress, web.archive.org, IRCTC, etc. are the popular websites that are written using Java
programming language.
4. Game Development
Java is widely used by game development companies because it has the support of the open-source
most powerful 3D engine. The engine provides unparalleled capacity when it comes to the context of the
designing of 3D games. The most popular games developed in Java are Minecraft, Mission Impossible
III, etc. There are some popular Frameworks and Libraries available for Game Development, like -
LibGDX and OpenGL.
5. Big Data Technology
As many programming languages are available for Big Data Technology but still Java is the first
choice for the same. The tool Hadoop HDFS platform for processing and storing big data applications is
written in Java. In big data, Java is widely used in ETL applications such as Apache Camel and Apache
Kafka. It is used to extract and transform data, and load in big data environments.
6. Distributed Applications
The JINI (Java Intelligent Networking Infrastructure) provides the infrastructure to register and find
distributed services based on its specification. It implements a mechanism that is known as JavaSpaces. It
supports the distribution, persistence, and migration of objects in a network.
7. Cloud-Based Applications
A cloud application is the on-demand availability of IT resources via the internet. The cloud-based
application provides the service at a low cost. Java provides the environment to develop cloud-based

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applications. We can use Java to develop SaaS (Software as a Service), LaaS (Logging as a Service), and
PaaS (Platform as a Service). The cloud application widely used to share data between companies or to
develop applications remotely.
8. IoT Application
IoT is a technology that connects the devices in its network and communicates with them. IoT has
found almost in all the small devices such as health gears, smartphones, wearables, smart lighting, TVs,
etc. For developing the IoT application there is a lot of programming languages that can be used but Java
offers an edge to developers that is unparalleled. IoT programmers gravitate towards Java because of its
security, flexibility, and versatility.
Program for Making Scientific Calculator
Java
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class ScientificCalculator extends Frame implements ActionListener {

TextField result;
double num1, num2, resultValue;
int operation;

public ScientificCalculator() {
super("Scientific Calculator");

// Create a text field for displaying results

result = new TextField(20);
result.setEditable(false);

// Create buttons for numbers, operators, and other functions

String[] buttonLabels = {"7", "8", "9", "/", "sqrt",
"4", "5", "6", "*", "%",
"1", "2", "3", "-", "1/x",
"0", ".", "=", "+", "C"};

// Layout using a GridBagLayout

GridBagLayout layout = new GridBagLayout();
GridBagConstraints constraints = new GridBagConstraints();
setLayout(layout);

constraints.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;

// Add text field at the top

constraints.gridx = 0;
constraints.gridy = 0;
constraints.gridwidth = 4;
layout.setConstraints(result, constraints);
add(result);

// Add buttons in a grid layout

int row = 1;
int col = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < buttonLabels.length; i++) {
Button button = new Button(buttonLabels[i]);
button.addActionListener(this);
constraints.gridx = col;

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 constraints.gridy = row;
layout.setConstraints(button, constraints);
add(button);
col++;
if (col == 4) {
col = 0;
row++;
}
}

setSize(300, 400);
setVisible(true);
}

@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
String buttonText = e.getActionCommand();

// Handle number buttons

if ("0".equals(buttonText) || "1".equals(buttonText) ||
"2".equals(buttonText) || "3".equals(buttonText) ||
"4".equals(buttonText) || "5".equals(buttonText) ||
"6".equals(buttonText) || "7".equals(buttonText) ||
"8".equals(buttonText) || "9".equals(buttonText) ||
".".equals(buttonText)) {
result.setText(result.getText() + buttonText);
} else if ("C".equals(buttonText)) {
// Clear the display
result.setText("");
num1 = 0;
num2 = 0;
} else {
try {
// Parse the number from the display
num1 = Double.parseDouble(result.getText());
result.setText("");
operation = getOperation(buttonText);
} catch (NumberFormatException ex) {
// Handle invalid input
result.setText("Error");
}
}
}

private int getOperation(String buttonText) {

switch (buttonText) {
case "+":
return 1;
case "-":
return 2;
case "*":
return 3;
case "/":
return 4;
case "%":
return 5;
case "sqrt":
return 6;
case "1/x":
return 7;
case "=":

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 return 8;
default:
return 0;
}
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

new ScientificCalculator();
}
}

Output

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